Principles of Antibiotic Policies - International Federation of Infection
... • Emergence of resistance – reduced effectiveness, increased toxicity, increased costs • To preserve susceptibility – or to postpone development of resistance – antibiotics should be used rationally ...
... • Emergence of resistance – reduced effectiveness, increased toxicity, increased costs • To preserve susceptibility – or to postpone development of resistance – antibiotics should be used rationally ...
C difficile
... • Better case ascertainment » Improvement in lab diagnosis • Aging population » Decline in Bifidobacterium with age, an organism important in colonization resistance, in gut flora may create more permissive environment for C. difficile • Increased use of antimicrobials especially fluoroquinolones wi ...
... • Better case ascertainment » Improvement in lab diagnosis • Aging population » Decline in Bifidobacterium with age, an organism important in colonization resistance, in gut flora may create more permissive environment for C. difficile • Increased use of antimicrobials especially fluoroquinolones wi ...
Fomites and Infection Control Presentation
... -similar in shape and size to the cold virus (rhinovirus)vand norovirus -commonly used as a model for disinfectant testing ...
... -similar in shape and size to the cold virus (rhinovirus)vand norovirus -commonly used as a model for disinfectant testing ...
Respiratory Tract Diseases The respiratory tract is the most common
... The anatomy of the upper respiratory tract is composed of many features that help to rid the system of particles and pathogens. The nasal cavity has a mucociliary lining similar to that of the lower respiratory tract. The inside of the nose is lined with hairs, which act to filter larger particles t ...
... The anatomy of the upper respiratory tract is composed of many features that help to rid the system of particles and pathogens. The nasal cavity has a mucociliary lining similar to that of the lower respiratory tract. The inside of the nose is lined with hairs, which act to filter larger particles t ...
Fever of Unknown Origin - Vanderbilt University Medical Center
... Fever: resetting of the thermostatic setpoint in the anterior hypothalamus and the resultant initiation of heat-conserving mechanisms until the internal temperature reaches the new level. Hyperthermia: an elevation in body temperature that occurs in the absence of resetting of the hypothalamic ...
... Fever: resetting of the thermostatic setpoint in the anterior hypothalamus and the resultant initiation of heat-conserving mechanisms until the internal temperature reaches the new level. Hyperthermia: an elevation in body temperature that occurs in the absence of resetting of the hypothalamic ...
Immunity
... system. If any of the antecedents fail, for example, the result would be a negative outcome, such as infection-localized or systemic, cancer, immune suppression, immune deficiency, and chronic inflammatory response or exaggerated immune response that may lead to an allergic, cytotoxic or autoimmune ...
... system. If any of the antecedents fail, for example, the result would be a negative outcome, such as infection-localized or systemic, cancer, immune suppression, immune deficiency, and chronic inflammatory response or exaggerated immune response that may lead to an allergic, cytotoxic or autoimmune ...
Biological Attack - National Academy of Engineering
... of most biological agents is unknown; approximate doses are extrapolated from animal studies. Whether a person becomes ill after exposure to a biological agent depends on a number of factors including: • Type and amount of agent taken into the body. • Duration of exposure. • Route of exposure (inhal ...
... of most biological agents is unknown; approximate doses are extrapolated from animal studies. Whether a person becomes ill after exposure to a biological agent depends on a number of factors including: • Type and amount of agent taken into the body. • Duration of exposure. • Route of exposure (inhal ...
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
... that receives a dose of antibiotics when antibiotics were not indicated will automatically develop the resistant strain. For those that do become infected with MRSA, symptoms may not become evident until several months after colonization. In mild cases of skin infection the treatment will include ta ...
... that receives a dose of antibiotics when antibiotics were not indicated will automatically develop the resistant strain. For those that do become infected with MRSA, symptoms may not become evident until several months after colonization. In mild cases of skin infection the treatment will include ta ...
m measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, live: mmr-ii
... and dose of immune globulin or blood product ...
... and dose of immune globulin or blood product ...
Full Text - Journal of Comprehensive Pediatrics
... virus, 48 CMV, 25 HSV-1, 7 Para influenza, 3 RSV and 16 mixed viruses. The results of this study demonstrated that Adenovirus and Enterovirus were the two most common viruses isolated from pediatric outpatients with acute, febrile upper respiratory tract infection, and a child older than 5 years of ...
... virus, 48 CMV, 25 HSV-1, 7 Para influenza, 3 RSV and 16 mixed viruses. The results of this study demonstrated that Adenovirus and Enterovirus were the two most common viruses isolated from pediatric outpatients with acute, febrile upper respiratory tract infection, and a child older than 5 years of ...
Meningococcus - Crawfordsville Community School
... Meningococcal bacteria are particularly dangerous because they rapidly make large quantities of a poison called endotoxin. Endotoxin damages small blood vessels and causes low blood pressure and shock. For this reason, meningococcal bacteria can kill people soon after they enter the bloodstream. Chi ...
... Meningococcal bacteria are particularly dangerous because they rapidly make large quantities of a poison called endotoxin. Endotoxin damages small blood vessels and causes low blood pressure and shock. For this reason, meningococcal bacteria can kill people soon after they enter the bloodstream. Chi ...
Parasitic Infections
... These slides were developed using the April 2008 Guidelines. The intended audience is clinicians involved in the care of patients with HIV. Users are cautioned that, because of the rapidly changing field of HIV care, this information could become out of date quickly. Finally, it is intended that the ...
... These slides were developed using the April 2008 Guidelines. The intended audience is clinicians involved in the care of patients with HIV. Users are cautioned that, because of the rapidly changing field of HIV care, this information could become out of date quickly. Finally, it is intended that the ...
Required - UCR School of Medicine
... Have you seen a doctor for any of the above? If “Yes”, which numbered item? 4. Hepatitis B vaccine: I understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material, I may be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. I have been given the opportunity ...
... Have you seen a doctor for any of the above? If “Yes”, which numbered item? 4. Hepatitis B vaccine: I understand that due to my occupational exposure to blood or other potentially infectious material, I may be at risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. I have been given the opportunity ...
Exophiala: understanding the risks and protecting vulnerable groups
... around us. We might have turned our homes into microcosms for the experimental evolution of the most resilient of microbial species, the adaptability of which might enable them to find new niches in the human body. The authors postulate that wet rooms, such as bathrooms, kitchens and steam baths in ...
... around us. We might have turned our homes into microcosms for the experimental evolution of the most resilient of microbial species, the adaptability of which might enable them to find new niches in the human body. The authors postulate that wet rooms, such as bathrooms, kitchens and steam baths in ...
Sore Throat - Cal Maritime Academy
... Sore throats can be due to infectious mononucleosis (i.e., mono). If your provider suspects this he or she may order a blood test. However, sometimes symptoms may have to be present for a week before the test confirms the infection. Mononucleosis is a viral infection caused by a type of herpes virus ...
... Sore throats can be due to infectious mononucleosis (i.e., mono). If your provider suspects this he or she may order a blood test. However, sometimes symptoms may have to be present for a week before the test confirms the infection. Mononucleosis is a viral infection caused by a type of herpes virus ...
colon polyps and cancer
... 3. Extraintestinal manifestations (arthritis and uveitis) 4. Slight increased risk of development of carcinoma of the colon—much less than in ulcerative colitis. ...
... 3. Extraintestinal manifestations (arthritis and uveitis) 4. Slight increased risk of development of carcinoma of the colon—much less than in ulcerative colitis. ...
Slide 1
... Some animals may be saved if treated very early with penicillin or tetracyclines. Vaccination is very effective in preventing further disease from occurring in animals on a property experiencing an outbreak, however full immunity takes 10 to 14 days to develop. Antibiotics must not be used at the sa ...
... Some animals may be saved if treated very early with penicillin or tetracyclines. Vaccination is very effective in preventing further disease from occurring in animals on a property experiencing an outbreak, however full immunity takes 10 to 14 days to develop. Antibiotics must not be used at the sa ...
Overview of Nosocomial Infections Caused by Gram
... most part, similar [10–14]. This suggests that the reservoirs of these pathogens, which are often the patients themselves, and the risk factors for hospital-acquired infection, such as invasive devices, are also similar worldwide. Temporal changes in the types of bacterial pathogens observed may be ...
... most part, similar [10–14]. This suggests that the reservoirs of these pathogens, which are often the patients themselves, and the risk factors for hospital-acquired infection, such as invasive devices, are also similar worldwide. Temporal changes in the types of bacterial pathogens observed may be ...
Slide 1
... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC). • Surveillance results available from Dec 2005-Nov 2007 for children aged <5 years who presented with acute gastroenteritis and required hospitalization with rehydration for at least 6 hr. ...
... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US CDC). • Surveillance results available from Dec 2005-Nov 2007 for children aged <5 years who presented with acute gastroenteritis and required hospitalization with rehydration for at least 6 hr. ...
Pneumonic Plague
... What is it? Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. This bacterium is found in rodents and their fleas and occurs in many areas of the world, including the United States. Y. pestis is easily destroyed by sunlight and drying. Even so, when released into air, the bacte ...
... What is it? Plague is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. This bacterium is found in rodents and their fleas and occurs in many areas of the world, including the United States. Y. pestis is easily destroyed by sunlight and drying. Even so, when released into air, the bacte ...
Measles, Mumps, Rubella - Alberta Health Services
... You can be immunized if you have a mild illness (e.g., cold), even if you have a fever. You can be immunized if you are planning a pregnancy, but you need to wait 1 month after this vaccine before trying to get pregnant. ...
... You can be immunized if you have a mild illness (e.g., cold), even if you have a fever. You can be immunized if you are planning a pregnancy, but you need to wait 1 month after this vaccine before trying to get pregnant. ...
Raccoon Rehabilitation: Infectious Disease Management
... All unvaccinated (control) puppies showed signs of CDV 7-8 days post challenge All vaccinated puppies remained healthy when challenged with a highly virulent strain of CDV Vaccine immunized and protected puppies with maternally derived antibodies ...
... All unvaccinated (control) puppies showed signs of CDV 7-8 days post challenge All vaccinated puppies remained healthy when challenged with a highly virulent strain of CDV Vaccine immunized and protected puppies with maternally derived antibodies ...
Gastroenteritis
Gastroenteritis or infectious diarrhea is a medical condition from inflammation (""-itis"") of the gastrointestinal tract that involves both the stomach (""gastro""-) and the small intestine (""entero""-). It causes some combination of diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain and cramping. Dehydration may occur as a result. Gastroenteritis has been referred to as gastro, stomach bug, and stomach virus. Although unrelated to influenza, it has also been called stomach flu and gastric flu.Globally, most cases in children are caused by rotavirus. In adults, norovirus and Campylobacter are more common. Less common causes include other bacteria (or their toxins) and parasites. Transmission may occur due to consumption of improperly prepared foods or contaminated water or via close contact with individuals who are infectious. Prevention includes drinking clean water, hand washing with soap, and breast feeding babies instead of using formula. This applies particularly where sanitation and hygiene are lacking. The rotavirus vaccine is recommended for all children.The key treatment is enough fluids. For mild or moderate cases, this can typically be achieved via oral rehydration solution (a combination of water, salts, and sugar). In those who are breast fed, continued breast feeding is recommended. For more severe cases, intravenous fluids from a healthcare centre may be needed. Antibiotics are generally not recommended. Gastroenteritis primarily affects children and those in the developing world. It results in about three to five billion cases and causes 1.4 million deaths a year.