Hydrocarbons
... elements besides hydrogen may be attached to the carbon –halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and even other carbons –any atom that takes the place of a hydrogen on a parent hydrocarbon is called a substituent, or the branched part ...
... elements besides hydrogen may be attached to the carbon –halogens, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and even other carbons –any atom that takes the place of a hydrogen on a parent hydrocarbon is called a substituent, or the branched part ...
Organic chemistry: introduction
... When you are drawing the three stages of a mechanism, you must think of and comment on different things. Stage 1: Here the most important thing to think about is getting the two particles lined up properly so that the oppositely charged bits are next to each other. In your labeling, you should try t ...
... When you are drawing the three stages of a mechanism, you must think of and comment on different things. Stage 1: Here the most important thing to think about is getting the two particles lined up properly so that the oppositely charged bits are next to each other. In your labeling, you should try t ...
ppt-01-chap-01-chem-160-fall-2016
... 1.7 Quantum or Wave Mechanics 1.8 Molecular Orbital & Valence Bond Theory, Covalent Bonds, Hybridization (sp3, sp2, sp) SUMMARY and OVERVIEW 1-11 ...
... 1.7 Quantum or Wave Mechanics 1.8 Molecular Orbital & Valence Bond Theory, Covalent Bonds, Hybridization (sp3, sp2, sp) SUMMARY and OVERVIEW 1-11 ...
Ch03macromolecules - Environmental
... use H2O to breakdown polymers reverse of dehydration synthesis cleave off one monomer at a time H2O is split into H+ and OH– H+ & OH– attach to ends ...
... use H2O to breakdown polymers reverse of dehydration synthesis cleave off one monomer at a time H2O is split into H+ and OH– H+ & OH– attach to ends ...
Matter Key
... substance which can be separated physically or chemically. (sand, salt, iron) Know how to calculate density and determine which objects float or sink Object is .89 grams and 2.3 mL What is density? Will it float in water? Why? 0.89g/2.3 mL = 0.39 g/mL 1.0g/mL ...
... substance which can be separated physically or chemically. (sand, salt, iron) Know how to calculate density and determine which objects float or sink Object is .89 grams and 2.3 mL What is density? Will it float in water? Why? 0.89g/2.3 mL = 0.39 g/mL 1.0g/mL ...
CARBONYL COMPOUNDS - Aldehydes and Ketones C=O C C C
... C2H5COCH2CH3(l) + 3 [O] ——> C2H5COOH(l) + ...
... C2H5COCH2CH3(l) + 3 [O] ——> C2H5COOH(l) + ...
BC10TEXTCH05_Sec3
... Chemists in the early 19th century knew that organisms produce a huge number of compounds containing carbon. The chemists called these organic compounds because the compounds were made by organisms. Today, we use the term organic compound to refer to almost all carbon-containing compounds, whether t ...
... Chemists in the early 19th century knew that organisms produce a huge number of compounds containing carbon. The chemists called these organic compounds because the compounds were made by organisms. Today, we use the term organic compound to refer to almost all carbon-containing compounds, whether t ...
Organic Chemistry Nomenclature
... IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). There are a number of rules for each type of organic compound only simple hydrocarbon chains and alcohols will be instructed below. When naming straight chains of hydrocarbons a prefix is added indicating the number of carbons to the suffix ...
... IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry). There are a number of rules for each type of organic compound only simple hydrocarbon chains and alcohols will be instructed below. When naming straight chains of hydrocarbons a prefix is added indicating the number of carbons to the suffix ...
Organic Chemistry - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... 1. Find and name the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms (the main chain). It is not necessary that the longest chain be written either horizontally or in a straight line. This is the parent chain. 2. Identify alkyl groups attached to the main chain and name them. 3. Number the carbons in the p ...
... 1. Find and name the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms (the main chain). It is not necessary that the longest chain be written either horizontally or in a straight line. This is the parent chain. 2. Identify alkyl groups attached to the main chain and name them. 3. Number the carbons in the p ...
Chemical Context of Life
... • potential energy of electrons is not infinitely divisible, but exists only in discrete amounts called quanta • different fixed potential energy states for electrons are called levels or electron shells: • electrons with lowest potential energy are in energy levels closest to the nucleus • electron ...
... • potential energy of electrons is not infinitely divisible, but exists only in discrete amounts called quanta • different fixed potential energy states for electrons are called levels or electron shells: • electrons with lowest potential energy are in energy levels closest to the nucleus • electron ...
Chapter 7
... Section 1: Names of Binary Compounds • Binary compounds are those formed from only 2 elements. • To write their formulas the positive ion is written first and then the negative. • To name them use the complete name of the positive ion and add the negative ion name but change the ending to “-ide.” ( ...
... Section 1: Names of Binary Compounds • Binary compounds are those formed from only 2 elements. • To write their formulas the positive ion is written first and then the negative. • To name them use the complete name of the positive ion and add the negative ion name but change the ending to “-ide.” ( ...
Electronic Structure and Covalent Bonding
... electrons around it (the octet rule). If there are not enough electrons to give these atoms eight electrons, change single bonds between atoms to double or triple bonds by shifting non-bonded pairs of electrons as needed. Assign formal charges and evaluate the structure. ...
... electrons around it (the octet rule). If there are not enough electrons to give these atoms eight electrons, change single bonds between atoms to double or triple bonds by shifting non-bonded pairs of electrons as needed. Assign formal charges and evaluate the structure. ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034 PART-A
... 05. Why group transfer reactions are neither cycloaddition nor sigmatropic rearrangement reactions? 06. Does hydroboration of alkene follow Markonikov’s addition? Justify your answer with suitable example. 07. How is catalytic hydrogenation different from dissolving metal reduction? Give reasons. 08 ...
... 05. Why group transfer reactions are neither cycloaddition nor sigmatropic rearrangement reactions? 06. Does hydroboration of alkene follow Markonikov’s addition? Justify your answer with suitable example. 07. How is catalytic hydrogenation different from dissolving metal reduction? Give reasons. 08 ...
Chapter 7 - Angelfire
... Section 1: Names of Binary Compounds • Binary compounds are those formed from only 2 elements. • To write their formulas the positive ion is written first and then the negative. • To name them use the complete name of the positive ion and add the negative ion name but change the ending to “-ide.” ( ...
... Section 1: Names of Binary Compounds • Binary compounds are those formed from only 2 elements. • To write their formulas the positive ion is written first and then the negative. • To name them use the complete name of the positive ion and add the negative ion name but change the ending to “-ide.” ( ...
here - Global Change Program
... A Primer on Reduction-Oxidation (Redox) Chemistry The term “redox” refers to chemical reactions that involve reduction and oxidation of organic and inorganic substances. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons. When the process involves a loss of electrons, then it is called oxidation. A g ...
... A Primer on Reduction-Oxidation (Redox) Chemistry The term “redox” refers to chemical reactions that involve reduction and oxidation of organic and inorganic substances. Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons. When the process involves a loss of electrons, then it is called oxidation. A g ...
107 - Bossier Parish Community College
... 21. recognize the important subdivisions of the periodic table: periods, groups (families), metals, and nonmetals. (B) 22. use the periodic table to obtain information about an element. (B) 23. describe the spatial arrangement of electrons in an atom within electron shells, subshells, and orbitals. ...
... 21. recognize the important subdivisions of the periodic table: periods, groups (families), metals, and nonmetals. (B) 22. use the periodic table to obtain information about an element. (B) 23. describe the spatial arrangement of electrons in an atom within electron shells, subshells, and orbitals. ...
section_3.2
... The number of each type of atom is indicated by a subscript written to the right of the element symbol ...
... The number of each type of atom is indicated by a subscript written to the right of the element symbol ...
Elements (NonMetals)
... C found in CO2 of atmosphere all plants and animals contain Why are living organisms based on carbon molecules and not some other element to form backbone of complex biochemical molecules? Carbon atoms have ability to form 4 bonds to form long chains or rings of like atoms and have other atoms attac ...
... C found in CO2 of atmosphere all plants and animals contain Why are living organisms based on carbon molecules and not some other element to form backbone of complex biochemical molecules? Carbon atoms have ability to form 4 bonds to form long chains or rings of like atoms and have other atoms attac ...
Structure of Molecules and Compounds | Principles of Biology from
... or kJ/mol) required to form and break the bonds. Covalent bonds are strong, with free energies of 30 to 200 kcal/mol. Strong ionic bonds, such as those in a salt lattice like NaCl also have bond energies in the same range. At physiological temperatures, these types of bonds do not break easily. Stro ...
... or kJ/mol) required to form and break the bonds. Covalent bonds are strong, with free energies of 30 to 200 kcal/mol. Strong ionic bonds, such as those in a salt lattice like NaCl also have bond energies in the same range. At physiological temperatures, these types of bonds do not break easily. Stro ...
Mass Spec, IR - faculty at Chemeketa
... The higher the wavenumber of a molecular vibration, the lower the energy of the infrared radiation needed to stimulate it. ...
... The higher the wavenumber of a molecular vibration, the lower the energy of the infrared radiation needed to stimulate it. ...
Homoaromaticity
Homoaromaticity in organic chemistry refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp3 hybridized carbon atom. Although this sp3 center disrupts the continuous overlap of p-orbitals, traditionally thought to be a requirement for aromaticity, considerable thermodynamic stability and many of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties associated with aromatic compounds are still observed for such compounds. This formal discontinuity is apparently bridged by p-orbital overlap, maintaining a contiguous cycle of π electrons that is responsible for this preserved chemical stability.The concept of homoaromaticity was pioneered by Saul Winstein in 1959, prompted by his studies of the “tris-homocyclopropenyl” cation. Since the publication of Winstein's paper, much research has been devoted to understanding and classifying these molecules, which represent an additional “class” of aromatic molecules included under the continuously broadening definition of aromaticity. To date, homoaromatic compounds are known to exist as cationic and anionic species, and some studies support the existence of neutral homoaromatic molecules, though these are less common. The 'homotropylium' cation (C8H9+) is perhaps the best studied example of a homoaromatic compound.