Functional Groups
... If the carbon is attached to one other carbon that carbon is primary (1o) and the alkyl halide is also 1o If the carbon is attached to two other carbons, that carbon is secondary (2o) and the alkyl halide is 2o If the carbon is attached to three other carbons, the carbon is tertiary (3o) and the alk ...
... If the carbon is attached to one other carbon that carbon is primary (1o) and the alkyl halide is also 1o If the carbon is attached to two other carbons, that carbon is secondary (2o) and the alkyl halide is 2o If the carbon is attached to three other carbons, the carbon is tertiary (3o) and the alk ...
Functional Groups
... If the carbon is attached to one other carbon that carbon is primary (1o) and the alkyl halide is also 1o If the carbon is attached to two other carbons, that carbon is secondary (2 o) and the alkyl halide is 2o If the carbon is attached to three other carbons, the carbon is tertiary (3 o) and the a ...
... If the carbon is attached to one other carbon that carbon is primary (1o) and the alkyl halide is also 1o If the carbon is attached to two other carbons, that carbon is secondary (2 o) and the alkyl halide is 2o If the carbon is attached to three other carbons, the carbon is tertiary (3 o) and the a ...
Ch 4 Carbon & Molec Divrsty
... carbon compounds • Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon • Organic compounds range from simple molecules to colossal ones • Most organic compounds contain hydrogen atoms as well as carbon atoms • Vitalism said that organic compounds are only in organisms; disproved when chemi ...
... carbon compounds • Organic chemistry is the study of compounds containing carbon • Organic compounds range from simple molecules to colossal ones • Most organic compounds contain hydrogen atoms as well as carbon atoms • Vitalism said that organic compounds are only in organisms; disproved when chemi ...
BS5-Ch 2.
... The subscripts should be the set of smallest whole numbers possible The charges on the ions are not included in the finished formula of the substance ...
... The subscripts should be the set of smallest whole numbers possible The charges on the ions are not included in the finished formula of the substance ...
Introduction to Organic Chemistry Notes Sheet
... Stable cycloalkanes cannot be formed with carbon chains of just any length. Recall that in alkanes, carbon adopts the tetrahedral geometry in which the angles between bonds are 109.5°. • For some cylcoalkanes to form, the angle between bonds must deviate from this ideal angle, an effect known as ang ...
... Stable cycloalkanes cannot be formed with carbon chains of just any length. Recall that in alkanes, carbon adopts the tetrahedral geometry in which the angles between bonds are 109.5°. • For some cylcoalkanes to form, the angle between bonds must deviate from this ideal angle, an effect known as ang ...
Ionic bonds
... (e.g. table salt, NaCl). Much weaker than covalent bonds. •When atoms of chlorine and sodium collide, chlorine atom strips sodium’s outer electron away. This results in sodium having a positive charge and chlorine having a negative charge. Two ions of opposite charge attract each other; when the att ...
... (e.g. table salt, NaCl). Much weaker than covalent bonds. •When atoms of chlorine and sodium collide, chlorine atom strips sodium’s outer electron away. This results in sodium having a positive charge and chlorine having a negative charge. Two ions of opposite charge attract each other; when the att ...
4.79 MB - KFUPM Resources v3
... What is Organic Chemistry? Organic chemistry is the field of science that studies the structure, properties, composition of hydrocarbons (compounds containing carbon and hydrogen). These compounds may contain some other elements, including oxygen, nitrogen and halogens. ...
... What is Organic Chemistry? Organic chemistry is the field of science that studies the structure, properties, composition of hydrocarbons (compounds containing carbon and hydrogen). These compounds may contain some other elements, including oxygen, nitrogen and halogens. ...
Aromatic Compounds
... ∆Hobs is much less (151.4 KJmol-1) than predicted. That is benzene is more stable by 151.4 KJmol-1 than the hypothetical “cyclohexatriene” This energy difference is called RESONANCE ENERGY ...
... ∆Hobs is much less (151.4 KJmol-1) than predicted. That is benzene is more stable by 151.4 KJmol-1 than the hypothetical “cyclohexatriene” This energy difference is called RESONANCE ENERGY ...
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... Saturated amine heterocycles containing five or more atoms have physical and chemical proper7es typical of acyclic amines. ...
... Saturated amine heterocycles containing five or more atoms have physical and chemical proper7es typical of acyclic amines. ...
Chapter 2 Name___________________________________
... MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) If an atom of sulfur (atomic number 16) were allowed to react with atoms of hydrogen (atomic number 1), which of the molecules below would be formed? H A) S H B) H S H C) H S H D) E) H S H ...
... MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) If an atom of sulfur (atomic number 16) were allowed to react with atoms of hydrogen (atomic number 1), which of the molecules below would be formed? H A) S H B) H S H C) H S H D) E) H S H ...
Chapter 4
... universe may include organisms with silicon-based chemistry? Is it possible to have chemistry based on additional elements, such as aluminum or neon? ...
... universe may include organisms with silicon-based chemistry? Is it possible to have chemistry based on additional elements, such as aluminum or neon? ...
Chemistry 101 H Introduction to Organic Chemistry Chapter 6
... Left: All bonds and all atoms are shown Center: Only C-C and C=C bonds are shown Right: The 6 electrons of the C=C system appear as a circle. ...
... Left: All bonds and all atoms are shown Center: Only C-C and C=C bonds are shown Right: The 6 electrons of the C=C system appear as a circle. ...
Chemical Reactions and Stoichiometry
... Indicators of a Chemical Reaction – evidence of a chemical reaction a. Evolution of heat and light (simultaneously) b. Production of a gas (bubbles, odor change) c. Formation of a precipitate (solid, cloudy) d. Color change (not introduced by an outside source such as dye or ink) Characteristics of ...
... Indicators of a Chemical Reaction – evidence of a chemical reaction a. Evolution of heat and light (simultaneously) b. Production of a gas (bubbles, odor change) c. Formation of a precipitate (solid, cloudy) d. Color change (not introduced by an outside source such as dye or ink) Characteristics of ...
Intermolecular Attractions
... Draw the electron dot formula. Then state how many bonding and unbonding pairs are present. A) NBr3 B) Water C) Chlorite ion (ClO2- ) D) CF2Cl2 ...
... Draw the electron dot formula. Then state how many bonding and unbonding pairs are present. A) NBr3 B) Water C) Chlorite ion (ClO2- ) D) CF2Cl2 ...
Mass Spectrometry and Organic
... •Molecules containing atoms limited to C,H,O,N,S,X,P of even-numbered molecular weight contain either NO nitrogen or an even number of N •This is true as well for radicals as well. • Not true for pre-charged, e.g. quats, (rule inverts) or radical cations. •In the case of Chemical Ionization, where [ ...
... •Molecules containing atoms limited to C,H,O,N,S,X,P of even-numbered molecular weight contain either NO nitrogen or an even number of N •This is true as well for radicals as well. • Not true for pre-charged, e.g. quats, (rule inverts) or radical cations. •In the case of Chemical Ionization, where [ ...
bulk characterization
... When organic molecules in solution, or as liquid, are exposed to light in the visible and ultraviolet light regions of spectrum, they absorb light of particular wavelengths depending on the type of electronic transition that is associated with the absorption. The electronic transitions depends o ...
... When organic molecules in solution, or as liquid, are exposed to light in the visible and ultraviolet light regions of spectrum, they absorb light of particular wavelengths depending on the type of electronic transition that is associated with the absorption. The electronic transitions depends o ...
Covalent Bonding
... • These structure are called resonance structures. We can account for both structures by writing the resonance form, as shown below. All resonance structures have a double bond. ...
... • These structure are called resonance structures. We can account for both structures by writing the resonance form, as shown below. All resonance structures have a double bond. ...
AP Chemistry - Partners4results
... ____ 2. A set of terms and definitions is given below: W. Ionic bond 1. Attraction between two different elements for each other due to very large difference in electronegativities X. Polar bond 2. Formed from unequal sharing of electrons within a molecule Y. Covalent bond 3. Tendency of a neutral a ...
... ____ 2. A set of terms and definitions is given below: W. Ionic bond 1. Attraction between two different elements for each other due to very large difference in electronegativities X. Polar bond 2. Formed from unequal sharing of electrons within a molecule Y. Covalent bond 3. Tendency of a neutral a ...
Lecture 13a - University of California, Los Angeles
... • Reppe-Carbonylation • Acetylene, carbon monoxide and alcohols are reacted in the presence of a catalyst like Ni(CO)4, HCo(CO)4 or Fe(CO)5 to yield acrylic acid esters • The synthesis of ibuprofen uses a palladium catalyst on the last step to convert the secondary alcohol into a carboxylic acid CO, ...
... • Reppe-Carbonylation • Acetylene, carbon monoxide and alcohols are reacted in the presence of a catalyst like Ni(CO)4, HCo(CO)4 or Fe(CO)5 to yield acrylic acid esters • The synthesis of ibuprofen uses a palladium catalyst on the last step to convert the secondary alcohol into a carboxylic acid CO, ...
Homoaromaticity
Homoaromaticity in organic chemistry refers to a special case of aromaticity in which conjugation is interrupted by a single sp3 hybridized carbon atom. Although this sp3 center disrupts the continuous overlap of p-orbitals, traditionally thought to be a requirement for aromaticity, considerable thermodynamic stability and many of the spectroscopic, magnetic, and chemical properties associated with aromatic compounds are still observed for such compounds. This formal discontinuity is apparently bridged by p-orbital overlap, maintaining a contiguous cycle of π electrons that is responsible for this preserved chemical stability.The concept of homoaromaticity was pioneered by Saul Winstein in 1959, prompted by his studies of the “tris-homocyclopropenyl” cation. Since the publication of Winstein's paper, much research has been devoted to understanding and classifying these molecules, which represent an additional “class” of aromatic molecules included under the continuously broadening definition of aromaticity. To date, homoaromatic compounds are known to exist as cationic and anionic species, and some studies support the existence of neutral homoaromatic molecules, though these are less common. The 'homotropylium' cation (C8H9+) is perhaps the best studied example of a homoaromatic compound.