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Chapter 2: First Law of Thermodynamics, Energy
Chapter 2: First Law of Thermodynamics, Energy

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Enthalpy In A Box: Teaching Open Vs. Closed System Work Terms

... defined, somewhat arbitrarily, from properties that students generally already have a good physical handle on. i.e. Pressure, volume and internal energy. This is particularly true at the author’s institution were a reasonable investment of time is spent on deriving the gas equation for state by usin ...
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... Example 10.5 Speed of a bobsled after pushing (cont.) prepare Because friction is negligible, there is no change in the sled’s  thermal energy. And, because the sled’s height is constant, its gravitational  potential energy is unchanged as well. Thus the work­energy equation is  simply ΔK = W. We ca ...
TAKS Physics Review (Objective 5)
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... This fuel cell runs on seawater and sediment, with the help of plankton. Some plankton on the surface of ocean sediments use dissolved oxygen to break down organic matter, releasing energy; this is an aerobic process. The plankton in the deeper sediments break down organic matter without using oxyge ...
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... system is independent of the path by which the system achieved that state.  In the system below, the water could have reached room temperature from either direction. ...
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Pot. Temp handout - Mechanical Engineering | University of Utah

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... where ε ef df and ε bfe df are the radiation emitted by body and black body in the frequency interval f , f + df, respectively. If ε = const < 1 for all frequencies and all temperatures then a body is called gray. If ε = 1 then a body is called black. Any body with T > 0 K emits radiation. Physical ...
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... One of the deepest and most controversial questions of our time is that of the origin of life. In this lecture a hypothesis is presented, according to which the temperature gradients existing in the earth - which led to plate tectonics and the formation of undersea thermal vents - also led to the ev ...
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... the ends of the semiconductor must take place in the case of the absence of bulk recombination (  0   ) because the electrical currents of electrons and holes in an isolated semiconductor can exist only by means of recombination. Let the semiconductor has isothermal contacts with a thermostats at ...
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... The Born- Haber cycle uses the law of Hess to determine the Lattice Energy. The lattice energy is the enthalphy change, ∆H, associated when gaseous cations and anions from a crystal: Na+(g) + Cl-(g)  NaCl(s) ∆H = - 788KJ Since heat is always evolved in these processes, all lattice energies have a n ...
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... It is to be noted that the centrifugal potential “reduces” the effect of the inverse-squarelaw on the particle. This is because the inverse-square-law force is attractive while the centrifugal force is repulsive. This can be seen in Figure 6-2. It is also possible to guess some characteristics of po ...
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Heat transfer physics



Heat transfer physics describes the kinetics of energy storage, transport, and transformation by principal energy carriers: phonons (lattice vibration waves), electrons, fluid particles, and photons. Heat is energy stored in temperature-dependent motion of particles including electrons, atomic nuclei, individual atoms, and molecules. Heat is transferred to and from matter by the principal energy carriers. The state of energy stored within matter, or transported by the carriers, is described by a combination of classical and quantum statistical mechanics. The energy is also transformed (converted) among various carriers.The heat transfer processes (or kinetics) are governed by the rates at which various related physical phenomena occur, such as (for example) the rate of particle collisions in classical mechanics. These various states and kinetics determine the heat transfer, i.e., the net rate of energy storage or transport. Governing these process from the atomic level (atom or molecule length scale) to macroscale are the laws of thermodynamics, including conservation of energy.
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