Critical role of extracellularly secreted neuronal pentraxin 1 in
... toxicity in control WT cultures, suggesting a role for extracellular NP1 in neuronal death. However, NP1-KO neurons, which showed normal neuronal morphology and protection against OGD, sustained enhanced death following incubation with CM from WT OGD-exposed cultures. Western blot analysis of OGD ex ...
... toxicity in control WT cultures, suggesting a role for extracellular NP1 in neuronal death. However, NP1-KO neurons, which showed normal neuronal morphology and protection against OGD, sustained enhanced death following incubation with CM from WT OGD-exposed cultures. Western blot analysis of OGD ex ...
INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN
... AbstractöIntracerebroventricular or intracortical administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to block or attenuate visual cortical plasticity in the rat. In cats and ferrets, the e¡ects of exogenous NGF on development and plasticity of visual cortex have been reported to be small or ...
... AbstractöIntracerebroventricular or intracortical administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to block or attenuate visual cortical plasticity in the rat. In cats and ferrets, the e¡ects of exogenous NGF on development and plasticity of visual cortex have been reported to be small or ...
Functional Neuroimaging Insights into the Physiology of Human Sleep
... More recent neuroimaging studies have addressed the correlates of phasic neural events that build up the architecture of sleep stages. These studies are based on the assumption that brain activity during a specific stage of sleep is not constant and homogeneous over time, but is structured by sponta ...
... More recent neuroimaging studies have addressed the correlates of phasic neural events that build up the architecture of sleep stages. These studies are based on the assumption that brain activity during a specific stage of sleep is not constant and homogeneous over time, but is structured by sponta ...
Effects of Fructose vs Glucose on Regional
... food intake via differential effects on hypothalamic malonyl coenzyme A–signaling pathways.12 How brain regions associated with fructose- and glucosemediated changes in animal feeding behaviors translates to humans is not completely understood. New technologies are available to facilitate translatio ...
... food intake via differential effects on hypothalamic malonyl coenzyme A–signaling pathways.12 How brain regions associated with fructose- and glucosemediated changes in animal feeding behaviors translates to humans is not completely understood. New technologies are available to facilitate translatio ...
Morphology of Thalamocortical Neurons Projecting
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
... or larger somata with multipolar shapes and four to eight primary dendrites. Samples of LY-filled,immunocytochemically stained SI-projecting neurons located in VPL are shown in Figure 2. Most SI-projecting neurons in VPI were medium-sized or small, and had four to eight primary dendrites (see Fig. 3 ...
Retinotopic Organization and Functional Subdivisions of the Human
... Kaas, 1976; Schein and de Monasterio, 1987; Wässle et al., 1989, 1990; Malpeli et al., 1996). In the human LGN, anatomical studies have revealed a similar organization compared with the macaque LGN in terms of laminar patterns. The layout of the representation of the visual field, however, is less ...
... Kaas, 1976; Schein and de Monasterio, 1987; Wässle et al., 1989, 1990; Malpeli et al., 1996). In the human LGN, anatomical studies have revealed a similar organization compared with the macaque LGN in terms of laminar patterns. The layout of the representation of the visual field, however, is less ...
Statistics and geometry of orientation selectivity in primary visual
... At another extreme, orientation selectivity might be learned through visual experience: Orientation selectivity would not be hardwired, but a result of adaptation during brain development, driven by the statistics of the natural sensory inputs. Conceptually, a model of the latter sort would provide ...
... At another extreme, orientation selectivity might be learned through visual experience: Orientation selectivity would not be hardwired, but a result of adaptation during brain development, driven by the statistics of the natural sensory inputs. Conceptually, a model of the latter sort would provide ...
Chemical Nature of Synaptic Transmission in Vertebrates
... amounts by activity of the presynaptic nerve endings. Such a complete proof is not available for any postulated transmitter, not even at the neuromuscular junction (in vertebrates or invertebrates), which approaches most closely to this ideal. Although it is usually assumed that only one transmitter ...
... amounts by activity of the presynaptic nerve endings. Such a complete proof is not available for any postulated transmitter, not even at the neuromuscular junction (in vertebrates or invertebrates), which approaches most closely to this ideal. Although it is usually assumed that only one transmitter ...
The what, where and how of auditory
... simultaneously, the interaction between these two pathways has not been fully resolved within either the auditory or visual systems55. Within the ventral and dorsal processing pathways, both single-neuron studies32,56–59 and functional imaging studies60–64 indicate that the perceptual features of a ...
... simultaneously, the interaction between these two pathways has not been fully resolved within either the auditory or visual systems55. Within the ventral and dorsal processing pathways, both single-neuron studies32,56–59 and functional imaging studies60–64 indicate that the perceptual features of a ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... for the expression of appetitive-approach behaviors. 2) The reinforcement (Fibiger 1978, White & Milner 1992), and the reward hypotheses (Wise 1978, Wise & Rompre 1989, Schultz et al. 1997, Schultz 1998, Di Chiara 2002, Wise 2004) have largely focused on the potential learning mediating functions of ...
... for the expression of appetitive-approach behaviors. 2) The reinforcement (Fibiger 1978, White & Milner 1992), and the reward hypotheses (Wise 1978, Wise & Rompre 1989, Schultz et al. 1997, Schultz 1998, Di Chiara 2002, Wise 2004) have largely focused on the potential learning mediating functions of ...
the human entorhinal cortex
... The human entorhinal cortex is located in the ventromedial portion of the temporal lobe and consists of eight subfields. It has reciprocal connections with the hippocampus and various other cortical and subcortical structures, and thus forms an integral component of the medial temporal lobe memory s ...
... The human entorhinal cortex is located in the ventromedial portion of the temporal lobe and consists of eight subfields. It has reciprocal connections with the hippocampus and various other cortical and subcortical structures, and thus forms an integral component of the medial temporal lobe memory s ...
Topographic Organization of Connections Between the Hypothalamus and
... connections with prefrontal cortices may be involved in autonomic function. Ascending and descending connections between the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortices may be involved in the evaluation of emotional stimuli and in the autonomic responses elicited by such stimuli. Hypothalamic connections w ...
... connections with prefrontal cortices may be involved in autonomic function. Ascending and descending connections between the hypothalamus and prefrontal cortices may be involved in the evaluation of emotional stimuli and in the autonomic responses elicited by such stimuli. Hypothalamic connections w ...
Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry : The New Anatomy of the
... “new” anatomy—an alternative way to conceptualize brain systems subsumed in the more conventional thinking by the limbic system. First, Lennart reveals how the discovery of the striatopallidal relations of the olfactory system leads logically to [1] discrediting the idea of a limbic system-exptrapyr ...
... “new” anatomy—an alternative way to conceptualize brain systems subsumed in the more conventional thinking by the limbic system. First, Lennart reveals how the discovery of the striatopallidal relations of the olfactory system leads logically to [1] discrediting the idea of a limbic system-exptrapyr ...
Delineation of motoneuron subgroups supplying
... et al., 2003). In addition, more recent reports revealed that only the motoneurons of muscles involved in upgaze, including the LP, are selectively targeted by calretinin (CR) -positive afferents (Ahlfeld et al., 2011; Zeeh et al., 2013); this finding proved very useful in the present study for the ...
... et al., 2003). In addition, more recent reports revealed that only the motoneurons of muscles involved in upgaze, including the LP, are selectively targeted by calretinin (CR) -positive afferents (Ahlfeld et al., 2011; Zeeh et al., 2013); this finding proved very useful in the present study for the ...
Neural Mapping of Direction and Frequency in
... Center for Computational Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, and 2Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 ...
... Center for Computational Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, and 2Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 ...
Reduced Levels of Acetylcholine Receptor Expression in Chick
... and number of neurons in the ganglion, as well as the number of axons and the establishmentof axonal contact with the target tissue, all appear to be unaffected by the operation. From ED 9 on, however, there is an increasedcell loss,with only 10-l 5%, as opposed to 50%, of the neurons remaining afte ...
... and number of neurons in the ganglion, as well as the number of axons and the establishmentof axonal contact with the target tissue, all appear to be unaffected by the operation. From ED 9 on, however, there is an increasedcell loss,with only 10-l 5%, as opposed to 50%, of the neurons remaining afte ...
Oscillatory phase coupling coordinates
... ignificant progress has been made in understanding the dynamics and response properties of single nerve cells (1, 2) and how they interconnect to form cortical microcircuits (3, 4). More than 60 y ago, however, Donald Hebb hypothesized that the fundamental unit of brain operation is not the single ne ...
... ignificant progress has been made in understanding the dynamics and response properties of single nerve cells (1, 2) and how they interconnect to form cortical microcircuits (3, 4). More than 60 y ago, however, Donald Hebb hypothesized that the fundamental unit of brain operation is not the single ne ...
GABAergic neuron distribution in the pedunculopontine nucleus
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
... Indeed, recent studies have shown that there are also functional differences between the two portions of the PPN, which have been evaluated in terms of behavioral responses following excitotoxic lesions or electrical stimulation (Alderson et al., 2006, 2008; Andero et al., 2007). Taken together, the ...
Section and Senior Editor - HAL
... Indeed, since von Economo (1926) initially identified a lethargy in patients suffering from inflammatory lesions within the posterior hypothalamus, somnolence, hypersomnia, narcolepsy or coma has been repeatedly reported following lesions/inactivation of this region in several mammalian species (rev ...
... Indeed, since von Economo (1926) initially identified a lethargy in patients suffering from inflammatory lesions within the posterior hypothalamus, somnolence, hypersomnia, narcolepsy or coma has been repeatedly reported following lesions/inactivation of this region in several mammalian species (rev ...
Ectopic Expression of the Neuropeptide Pigment
... immunoreactivity was visualized with a fluorescent microscope (L EICA DMR) equipped with a digital camera (Olympus DC10). Several pictures were taken to get all planes of focus of the relevant terminals stained in each brain. These were later mounted in a single picture with the help of Corel PHOTO- ...
... immunoreactivity was visualized with a fluorescent microscope (L EICA DMR) equipped with a digital camera (Olympus DC10). Several pictures were taken to get all planes of focus of the relevant terminals stained in each brain. These were later mounted in a single picture with the help of Corel PHOTO- ...
INDUCTION AND RECOVERY TIME COURSE OF RAT BRAIN
... aliquots at ⫺80°C until used. Microsomes from rat liver were prepared as described previously (Howard et al., 2001). The protein content of each sample was assayed using a Bio-Rad protein assay kit. Western Blotting. Membrane proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (4% stac ...
... aliquots at ⫺80°C until used. Microsomes from rat liver were prepared as described previously (Howard et al., 2001). The protein content of each sample was assayed using a Bio-Rad protein assay kit. Western Blotting. Membrane proteins were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (4% stac ...
Neural systems for guilt from actions affecting self versus others
... diminished guilt and compassion (Koenigs et al., 2007). Investigation of the evaluative processes comparing guilt and embarrassment showed that both conditions commonly activated the medial PFC and the left superior temporal sulcus (STS) (Takahashi et al., 2004). In parallel to these studies of emot ...
... diminished guilt and compassion (Koenigs et al., 2007). Investigation of the evaluative processes comparing guilt and embarrassment showed that both conditions commonly activated the medial PFC and the left superior temporal sulcus (STS) (Takahashi et al., 2004). In parallel to these studies of emot ...
Development of the brain stem in the rat. V. Thymidine‐radiographic
... ABSTRACT Groups of pregnant rats were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H-thymidinefrom gestational day E l 2 and 13 (El2+ 13)until the day before parturition (E21+ 22) in order to label in their embryos the proliferating precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons ...
... ABSTRACT Groups of pregnant rats were injected with two successive daily doses of 3H-thymidinefrom gestational day E l 2 and 13 (El2+ 13)until the day before parturition (E21+ 22) in order to label in their embryos the proliferating precursors of neurons. At 60 days of age the proportion of neurons ...
Insula function in anorexia nervosa
... disorders as anorexia nervosa8, 9. It is therefore important to investigate insula connectivity in resting state. Those results will give more insights in the neurocircuitry in which the insula plays a crucial role and can therefore be used to investigated neural disorders so ultimately better treat ...
... disorders as anorexia nervosa8, 9. It is therefore important to investigate insula connectivity in resting state. Those results will give more insights in the neurocircuitry in which the insula plays a crucial role and can therefore be used to investigated neural disorders so ultimately better treat ...
Connectome
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.