FLRT proteins act as guidance cues for migrating cortical interneurons
... 5.1 Effects of FLRT2 and FLRT3 ablation in the cortical interneurons migration through the SP stream ...................................................................................... 148 5.2 Regulation of the interneurons migration through the SP stream .............. 152 5.3 Late developomenta ...
... 5.1 Effects of FLRT2 and FLRT3 ablation in the cortical interneurons migration through the SP stream ...................................................................................... 148 5.2 Regulation of the interneurons migration through the SP stream .............. 152 5.3 Late developomenta ...
Substance P and Cholecystokinin-like lmmunoreactive Varicosities
... immunoreactivities have been shown to coexist in some, but not all, dorsal root ganglion cell bodies of the rat. Quantitative immunofluorescence techniques were used in the present study to describe densities of substance P- and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive varicosities in several spinal cord ...
... immunoreactivities have been shown to coexist in some, but not all, dorsal root ganglion cell bodies of the rat. Quantitative immunofluorescence techniques were used in the present study to describe densities of substance P- and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive varicosities in several spinal cord ...
A review of MRI findings in schizophrenia
... neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. Importantly, as several different brain regions are involved in the neuropathology of schizophrenia, new models need to be dev ...
... neurotoxicity, that occur during adolescence or early adulthood and are necessary for the development of schizophrenia, and may be associated with neurodegenerative changes. Importantly, as several different brain regions are involved in the neuropathology of schizophrenia, new models need to be dev ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... optogenetics to examine the synaptic underpinnings of this inhibition in the mouse infralimbic PFC. We find that BLA inputs preferentially target layer 2 corticoamygdala over neighboring corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs make even stronger connections onto neighboring parvalbumin and so ...
... optogenetics to examine the synaptic underpinnings of this inhibition in the mouse infralimbic PFC. We find that BLA inputs preferentially target layer 2 corticoamygdala over neighboring corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs make even stronger connections onto neighboring parvalbumin and so ...
Limbic structures, emotion, and memory
... Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face seen in one location on the retina, size, and view will generalize to other views etc. In rodents, there is no such clear separation of “what” from “value” representations. For example, in the taste system, satiety influences tas ...
... Tier 2 is that any learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face seen in one location on the retina, size, and view will generalize to other views etc. In rodents, there is no such clear separation of “what” from “value” representations. For example, in the taste system, satiety influences tas ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... during both a monkey’s own action and during observation of another individual performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EM ...
... during both a monkey’s own action and during observation of another individual performing a similar action. Some premotor (F5) mirror neurons have also been shown to be corticospinal neurons, meaning that spinal targets are also influenced during action observation. Simultaneous electromyography (EM ...
Sleep Neurobiology from a Clinical Perspective
... reticular formation and instead attribute its functions to the activity of specific systems that promote arousal using acetylcholine, glutamate, or monoamine neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin, and dopamine). These neurotransmitters are generally considered to produce arou ...
... reticular formation and instead attribute its functions to the activity of specific systems that promote arousal using acetylcholine, glutamate, or monoamine neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine, histamine, serotonin, and dopamine). These neurotransmitters are generally considered to produce arou ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a description and preliminary
... blocks of brain tissue were included in the accession, and no such material exists elsewhere at the Museum. Individually, these objects represent investigations performed or planned by Harvey. Collectively, they represent the long commitment on the part of Dr Harvey to facilitate the study of this m ...
... blocks of brain tissue were included in the accession, and no such material exists elsewhere at the Museum. Individually, these objects represent investigations performed or planned by Harvey. Collectively, they represent the long commitment on the part of Dr Harvey to facilitate the study of this m ...
The cerebral cortex of Albert Einstein: a
... blocks of brain tissue were included in the accession, and no such material exists elsewhere at the Museum. Individually, these objects represent investigations performed or planned by Harvey. Collectively, they represent the long commitment on the part of Dr Harvey to facilitate the study of this m ...
... blocks of brain tissue were included in the accession, and no such material exists elsewhere at the Museum. Individually, these objects represent investigations performed or planned by Harvey. Collectively, they represent the long commitment on the part of Dr Harvey to facilitate the study of this m ...
Martin, Neuroscientist 2005
... anterior parietal lobes with the spinal gray matter. Early in development, corticospinal neurons are distributed throughout much of the frontal and parietal lobes, and parts of the occipital and temporal lobes, but their distribution is later restricted to the posterior frontal and anterior parietal ...
... anterior parietal lobes with the spinal gray matter. Early in development, corticospinal neurons are distributed throughout much of the frontal and parietal lobes, and parts of the occipital and temporal lobes, but their distribution is later restricted to the posterior frontal and anterior parietal ...
Segregated cholinergic transmission in the ventral tegmental area
... behavioral experiments have consistently shown a prominent role for VTA acetylcholine receptors in goal-directed behavior and addiction 16, presumably through the activation of DA neurons 17. It is thus likely that cholinergic afferents, derived from the mesopontine tegmentum, play a role in tuning ...
... behavioral experiments have consistently shown a prominent role for VTA acetylcholine receptors in goal-directed behavior and addiction 16, presumably through the activation of DA neurons 17. It is thus likely that cholinergic afferents, derived from the mesopontine tegmentum, play a role in tuning ...
neuropathology of dopamine systems in schizophrenia
... basal activity at time of death, while changes in subunit protein expression are related to long-term regulation of the enzyme, affecting the “reserve capacity” of the mitochondria to respond to higher energy demands. Finally, we performed neuronal counts of dopaminergic and total number of neurons ...
... basal activity at time of death, while changes in subunit protein expression are related to long-term regulation of the enzyme, affecting the “reserve capacity” of the mitochondria to respond to higher energy demands. Finally, we performed neuronal counts of dopaminergic and total number of neurons ...
Reuss 9..48
... was studied, is presently unknown. In parentheses, it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately ...
... was studied, is presently unknown. In parentheses, it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately ...
The natural hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT, component of Ayahuasca
... 5-MeO-DMT, respectively, with significant post-hoc differences between 5-MeO-DMT and saline in all posttreatment periods (Fig. 2). Since hallucinogenic drugs are known to have clear effects on the autonomic nervous system and blood pressure (McCall et al., 1987; McCall and Harris, 1988). In order to ...
... 5-MeO-DMT, respectively, with significant post-hoc differences between 5-MeO-DMT and saline in all posttreatment periods (Fig. 2). Since hallucinogenic drugs are known to have clear effects on the autonomic nervous system and blood pressure (McCall et al., 1987; McCall and Harris, 1988). In order to ...
A Dendritic Disinhibitory Circuit Mechanism for Pathway
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 28, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/041673. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Feb. 28, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/041673. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under a CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. ...
Self-Organizing Visual Cortex Model using Homeostatic Plasticity
... and learning in neural system. However, because Hebbian plasticity relies on positive feedback mechanism, it is also highly unstable and could drive neurons to become hyper-activated or silenced altogether. Suppose we have a hypothetical pre-synaptic neuron connected with a bunch of synapses to one ...
... and learning in neural system. However, because Hebbian plasticity relies on positive feedback mechanism, it is also highly unstable and could drive neurons to become hyper-activated or silenced altogether. Suppose we have a hypothetical pre-synaptic neuron connected with a bunch of synapses to one ...
Taste, olfactory, and food reward value processing
... The aims of this paper are to describe how taste, olfactory, and food texture inputs are processed in the brain, how a representation of reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure, how cognition and selective attention influence this value-related processing, and how decisions are ...
... The aims of this paper are to describe how taste, olfactory, and food texture inputs are processed in the brain, how a representation of reward value is produced and is related to subjective pleasure, how cognition and selective attention influence this value-related processing, and how decisions are ...
... JNCL is the result of mutations in the CLN3 gene that codes for a transmembrane protein whose precise function remains unknown [7,9,10]. CLN3-null mutant mice (Cln3–/–) present with a JNCL-like phenotype, including the intralysosomal accumulation of autofluorescent storage material and the loss of s ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
... The preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus and the adjacent basal forebrain (BFB) play an important role in the regulation of homeostatic and cognitive processes, including blood pressure, thermoregulation, sexual behavior, attention, learning, and cortical activity (Boulant and Dean, 1986 ...
Thalamocortical neuron loss and localized astrocytosis in the Cln3
... Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is the result of mutations in the Cln3 gene. The Cln3 knock-in mouse (Cln3 Dex7/8 ) reproduces the most common Cln3 mutation and we have now characterized the CNS of these mice at 12 months of age. With the exception of the thalamus, Cln3 Dex7/8 homozyg ...
... Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL) is the result of mutations in the Cln3 gene. The Cln3 knock-in mouse (Cln3 Dex7/8 ) reproduces the most common Cln3 mutation and we have now characterized the CNS of these mice at 12 months of age. With the exception of the thalamus, Cln3 Dex7/8 homozyg ...
Refinement of feedforward projections, neuronal density, and
... review the basic organization of the visual cortex, as this was the first area used to describe the circuit. Very broadly, neurons in the cortex can be divided into excitatory and inhibitory classes, with the former representing the majority of neurons in V1 (Binzegger et al., 2004). While the major ...
... review the basic organization of the visual cortex, as this was the first area used to describe the circuit. Very broadly, neurons in the cortex can be divided into excitatory and inhibitory classes, with the former representing the majority of neurons in V1 (Binzegger et al., 2004). While the major ...
Here follows a list of recently published papers
... Raphe serotonin neuron-specific oxytocin receptor knockout reduces aggression without affecting anxie... http://ow.ly/2VxdNR " Neurons Constantly Rewrite Their DNA http://neurosciencenews.com/tet3-neuron-dna-genetics-2001 … ...
... Raphe serotonin neuron-specific oxytocin receptor knockout reduces aggression without affecting anxie... http://ow.ly/2VxdNR " Neurons Constantly Rewrite Their DNA http://neurosciencenews.com/tet3-neuron-dna-genetics-2001 … ...
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat
... Refinements in knowledge of the principal circuitry in the thalamocortical (TC) system has not been matched by a corresponding level of detail about the CT pathway, whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a fe ...
... Refinements in knowledge of the principal circuitry in the thalamocortical (TC) system has not been matched by a corresponding level of detail about the CT pathway, whose experimental analysis has had a much shorter history (Frigyesi et al., 1972; Jones, 1985). It was possible to question, only a fe ...
Local network regulation of orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus
... doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00674.2010.—Obesity and inadequate sleep are among the most common causes of health problems in modern society. Thus, the discovery that orexin (hypocretin) neurons play a pivotal role in sleep/wake regulation, energy balance, and consummatory behaviors has sparked immense intere ...
... doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00674.2010.—Obesity and inadequate sleep are among the most common causes of health problems in modern society. Thus, the discovery that orexin (hypocretin) neurons play a pivotal role in sleep/wake regulation, energy balance, and consummatory behaviors has sparked immense intere ...
2011-Morrison and Nakamura_review
... degrees by different species. Although the experimental basis to be described for the model in Figure 2 has been determined largely from studies in rodents and often under anesthetized conditions, the fundamental neural circuits elucidated through this work are expected to exist across a wide variet ...
... degrees by different species. Although the experimental basis to be described for the model in Figure 2 has been determined largely from studies in rodents and often under anesthetized conditions, the fundamental neural circuits elucidated through this work are expected to exist across a wide variet ...
Connectome
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.