![Neurosteroids: Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes and](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017452846_1-67b1c26086121b8a1d9c597fe82b62e5-300x300.png)
Neurosteroids: Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes and
... (Mensah-Nyagan et al., 1994). In situ hybridization studies have revealed that the mRNAs encoding for 3bHSD in the rat brain are localized in the olfactive bulb, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, area of medulla bordering the fourth ventricle as well as in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum (D ...
... (Mensah-Nyagan et al., 1994). In situ hybridization studies have revealed that the mRNAs encoding for 3bHSD in the rat brain are localized in the olfactive bulb, nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, area of medulla bordering the fourth ventricle as well as in the thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum (D ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... crucial role in seizure dynamics. The complexity of the interaction dynamics between neuronal networks and ion concentrations during epileptiform activity requires a combined approach of experimental work and computational models. Here, we discuss recent modeling results regarding mechanisms of epil ...
... crucial role in seizure dynamics. The complexity of the interaction dynamics between neuronal networks and ion concentrations during epileptiform activity requires a combined approach of experimental work and computational models. Here, we discuss recent modeling results regarding mechanisms of epil ...
Drug-activation of brain reward pathways
... fibers of LDTg and PPTg. These nuclei send multiply branched long fibers up the medial forebrain bundle ŽWoolf and Butcher, 1986.. Activation of these fibers by rewarding brain stimulation triggers not only orthodromic action potentials propagating toward the forebrain but also antidromic action pot ...
... fibers of LDTg and PPTg. These nuclei send multiply branched long fibers up the medial forebrain bundle ŽWoolf and Butcher, 1986.. Activation of these fibers by rewarding brain stimulation triggers not only orthodromic action potentials propagating toward the forebrain but also antidromic action pot ...
Age-related differences in brain activity underlying identification of
... session. The alignment parameters were computed by an iterative weighted least squares fit to the reference volume. The peak range of head motion was less than 1.3 mm for all subjects. Motion corrected images were then spatially normalized to an fMRI spiral scan template generated from 30 subjects s ...
... session. The alignment parameters were computed by an iterative weighted least squares fit to the reference volume. The peak range of head motion was less than 1.3 mm for all subjects. Motion corrected images were then spatially normalized to an fMRI spiral scan template generated from 30 subjects s ...
doc midterm 1 chapter notes
... o Galen discounted this, saying that if it were so, then nerve endings would go to the heart, not the mind. René Descartes, said that animals (including humans) are machines, and once set on this earth behave without any divine intervention. He defined the term reflex: An automatic, stereotyped move ...
... o Galen discounted this, saying that if it were so, then nerve endings would go to the heart, not the mind. René Descartes, said that animals (including humans) are machines, and once set on this earth behave without any divine intervention. He defined the term reflex: An automatic, stereotyped move ...
Molecular and anatomical signatures of sleep deprivation in the
... Sleep deprivation (SD) leads to a suite of cognitive and behavioral impairments, and yet the molecular consequences of SD in the brain are poorly understood. Using a systematic immediate-early gene (IEG) mapping to detect neuronal activation, the consequences of SD were mapped primarily to forebrain ...
... Sleep deprivation (SD) leads to a suite of cognitive and behavioral impairments, and yet the molecular consequences of SD in the brain are poorly understood. Using a systematic immediate-early gene (IEG) mapping to detect neuronal activation, the consequences of SD were mapped primarily to forebrain ...
Feedforward and feedback frequency
... electrocorticography grids (5)] and more recently in humans, using magnetoencephalography (6). It is plausible that these enhanced gamma/ alpha signatures in FF/FB interactions may be related to the laminar preference of the anatomical projections described above (7). However, it is unclear what the ...
... electrocorticography grids (5)] and more recently in humans, using magnetoencephalography (6). It is plausible that these enhanced gamma/ alpha signatures in FF/FB interactions may be related to the laminar preference of the anatomical projections described above (7). However, it is unclear what the ...
empathize with fictional characters
... for how we empathize with other people and with fictional characters. We propose that the same neural mechanisms we use to empathize with real people make us also empathize with fictional characters. Whilst these neural mechanisms enable us to empathize with fictional characters of all kinds, in movies ...
... for how we empathize with other people and with fictional characters. We propose that the same neural mechanisms we use to empathize with real people make us also empathize with fictional characters. Whilst these neural mechanisms enable us to empathize with fictional characters of all kinds, in movies ...
Cognitive Ability is Associated with Altered
... that distinct aspects of executive function, some of which may engage behavioral mechanisms and frontal cortical areas similar to those used for reversal tasks in mice, are selectively compromised (Shashi et al. 2010; Shapiro et al. 2013). Indeed, the full range of capacities that comprise executive ...
... that distinct aspects of executive function, some of which may engage behavioral mechanisms and frontal cortical areas similar to those used for reversal tasks in mice, are selectively compromised (Shashi et al. 2010; Shapiro et al. 2013). Indeed, the full range of capacities that comprise executive ...
The limbic system. A maze on the essentials: memory, learning and
... The limbic system is a set of nuclear structures located in medial regions both cerebral hemispheres and with numerous connections between them and other areas of the central nervous system and the rest of the body. In 1878, Paul Broca described, for the first time, a ring-shaped area that connected ...
... The limbic system is a set of nuclear structures located in medial regions both cerebral hemispheres and with numerous connections between them and other areas of the central nervous system and the rest of the body. In 1878, Paul Broca described, for the first time, a ring-shaped area that connected ...
Chapter 14:The Brain and Cranial Nerves
... • The human brain is complex • Brain function is associated with life • This chapter is a study of brain and cranial nerves directly connected to it • Will provide insight into brain circuitry and function ...
... • The human brain is complex • Brain function is associated with life • This chapter is a study of brain and cranial nerves directly connected to it • Will provide insight into brain circuitry and function ...
Fast and slow neurons in the nucleus of the
... 3±5 s pause. Firing rates were averaged from at least three sweeps. Contour plots of the mean ®ring rate in the spatiotemporal domain were made using Sigma Plot. The maximum in the contour plot was used to assign the preferred SF/ TF combination for each neuron. At the end of the experiments, the bi ...
... 3±5 s pause. Firing rates were averaged from at least three sweeps. Contour plots of the mean ®ring rate in the spatiotemporal domain were made using Sigma Plot. The maximum in the contour plot was used to assign the preferred SF/ TF combination for each neuron. At the end of the experiments, the bi ...
Changes in muscle coordination with training
... extensor muscles. It is notable, therefore, that tasks that require synchronization of flexion movements with an external stimulus are performed in a more consistent fashion than otherwise equivalent tasks in which extension movements are emphasized (11, 13). It follows from this line of reasoning t ...
... extensor muscles. It is notable, therefore, that tasks that require synchronization of flexion movements with an external stimulus are performed in a more consistent fashion than otherwise equivalent tasks in which extension movements are emphasized (11, 13). It follows from this line of reasoning t ...
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE
... Then draw a simple nerve pathway that involves three neurons (with cell parts labeled), and track (on your diagram) the transmission of a nerve impulse throughout this pathway. ...
... Then draw a simple nerve pathway that involves three neurons (with cell parts labeled), and track (on your diagram) the transmission of a nerve impulse throughout this pathway. ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
... Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active process of building re ...
Neural Substrates Related to Motor Memory with Multiple
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
... temporoparietal junction; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation; TR, repetition time. ...
Thyroid hormone exerts site-specific effects on SRC
... response elements in the promoters of responsive genes to affect their transcription (Evans, 1988; Lazar, 1994; Mangelsdorf and Evans, 1995). The ability of these receptors to affect gene transcription requires them to interact with nuclear cofactors, which are requisite mediators of ligand-dependen ...
... response elements in the promoters of responsive genes to affect their transcription (Evans, 1988; Lazar, 1994; Mangelsdorf and Evans, 1995). The ability of these receptors to affect gene transcription requires them to interact with nuclear cofactors, which are requisite mediators of ligand-dependen ...
Role of neurons and glia in the CNS actions of the renin
... these propositions, as it is not entirely clear from anatomical studies that the AT1R are localized to the correct neuronal phenotypes to substantiate the involvement of these mechanisms. Further, it is also unclear as to whether these ANG II actions are direct neuronal effects or are mediated via a ...
... these propositions, as it is not entirely clear from anatomical studies that the AT1R are localized to the correct neuronal phenotypes to substantiate the involvement of these mechanisms. Further, it is also unclear as to whether these ANG II actions are direct neuronal effects or are mediated via a ...
Proceedings of 2014 BMI the Third International Conference on
... Cognitive Science Program, and the Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA, and a Changjiang visiting professor a Fudan University, Shanghai, China. He receiv ...
... Cognitive Science Program, and the Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA, and a Changjiang visiting professor a Fudan University, Shanghai, China. He receiv ...
The Human Mirror Neuron System and Embodied
... motor actions. They also respond when the animal is presented with graspable objects. These neurons show some degree of specificity for particular actions, with this specificity consistent for movement as well as for objects associated with these movements. For example, a canonical neuron that respo ...
... motor actions. They also respond when the animal is presented with graspable objects. These neurons show some degree of specificity for particular actions, with this specificity consistent for movement as well as for objects associated with these movements. For example, a canonical neuron that respo ...
A phase I trial of deep brain stimulation of memory
... and temporal areas, also have a propensity for fibrillar amyloid deposition as visualized at autopsy and in vivo using radioligands such as Pittsburgh compound B,9 both in AD patients and in nondemented older subjects.10,11 Recent evidence suggests amyloid pathology interferes with synaptic transmis ...
... and temporal areas, also have a propensity for fibrillar amyloid deposition as visualized at autopsy and in vivo using radioligands such as Pittsburgh compound B,9 both in AD patients and in nondemented older subjects.10,11 Recent evidence suggests amyloid pathology interferes with synaptic transmis ...
Aberrant Resting-State Functional Connectivity in the
... coregistration using the FMRIB Nonlinear Image Registration Tool (FNIRT). These BOLD functional data (250 volumes for each subject) were then concatenated in time across all subjects, creating a single 4-dimensional (4-D) data set. We then applied probabilistic ICA to identify global and independent ...
... coregistration using the FMRIB Nonlinear Image Registration Tool (FNIRT). These BOLD functional data (250 volumes for each subject) were then concatenated in time across all subjects, creating a single 4-dimensional (4-D) data set. We then applied probabilistic ICA to identify global and independent ...
The Human Brain: An Introduction to Its Functional Anatomy. By
... ‐‐ Olfactory association cortex: on orbital surface of frontal lobe, receives direct projection from primary olfactory cortex or via dorsomedial nucleus. (5). Most motor areas are in the frontal lobe (1) Primary Motor areas: ‐‐ Low threshold electrical stimulation of the ar ...
... ‐‐ Olfactory association cortex: on orbital surface of frontal lobe, receives direct projection from primary olfactory cortex or via dorsomedial nucleus. (5). Most motor areas are in the frontal lobe (1) Primary Motor areas: ‐‐ Low threshold electrical stimulation of the ar ...
Distributed Modular Architectures Linking Basal Ganglia
... synapses, and a pattern of innervation favoring the convergence of diverse afferents onto individual neurons. Each Purkinje cell is contacted by approximately 200,000 different parallel fibers (Ito, 1984), and each spiny neuron is contacted by about 10,000 different corticostriatal afferents (Wilso ...
... synapses, and a pattern of innervation favoring the convergence of diverse afferents onto individual neurons. Each Purkinje cell is contacted by approximately 200,000 different parallel fibers (Ito, 1984), and each spiny neuron is contacted by about 10,000 different corticostriatal afferents (Wilso ...
Mirror neurons and the 8 parallel consciousnesses
... are absent, but so are unconscious perceptions, therefore the brainstem does not fit our profile. Instead, we need to look for brain areas whose injuries prevent the existence of consciousness, but do not compromise unconscious perception. After identifying such areas, the next step is to distinguis ...
... are absent, but so are unconscious perceptions, therefore the brainstem does not fit our profile. Instead, we need to look for brain areas whose injuries prevent the existence of consciousness, but do not compromise unconscious perception. After identifying such areas, the next step is to distinguis ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.