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HUMAN BRAIN EVOLUTION IN AN ECOLOGICAL CONTEXT^
... Published versions of these lectures can be obtained from The American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, N.Y. 10024. tPublished version: The Brain in Hominid Evolution, New York: Columbia University Press, 1971. ...
... Published versions of these lectures can be obtained from The American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, N.Y. 10024. tPublished version: The Brain in Hominid Evolution, New York: Columbia University Press, 1971. ...
The Integrated Nature of Motor Cortical Function
... cord. However, the functional organization, neural circuitry, and operational principles of motor cortical function are far from understood, but significant advances have recently been made and are the subject matter of this review. At the outset, the highly insightful British neurologist Hughlings ...
... cord. However, the functional organization, neural circuitry, and operational principles of motor cortical function are far from understood, but significant advances have recently been made and are the subject matter of this review. At the outset, the highly insightful British neurologist Hughlings ...
Capturing Brain Dynamics: a combined neuroscience and
... http://www.withthebraininmind.org/buildingbrains/unit_3/unit_3_03.php ...
... http://www.withthebraininmind.org/buildingbrains/unit_3/unit_3_03.php ...
A cellular mechanism for cortical associations: an organizing
... cognition [21–25] and conscious perception [26–29]. This has led to the suggestion that the cortex operates via an interaction between feed-forward and feedback information [30–32]. In this scenario, feedback provides context or predictive information for modulating neural activity in a given area [ ...
... cognition [21–25] and conscious perception [26–29]. This has led to the suggestion that the cortex operates via an interaction between feed-forward and feedback information [30–32]. In this scenario, feedback provides context or predictive information for modulating neural activity in a given area [ ...
Age-associated hyper-methylated regions in the human brain
... associated with both cell differentiation and carcinogenesis [11]. Given the relationship between cancer and aging, the finding that age-associated hyper-methylation has been shown to preferentially occur within bivalent domains is intriguing and warrants further study [3], and also suggests that th ...
... associated with both cell differentiation and carcinogenesis [11]. Given the relationship between cancer and aging, the finding that age-associated hyper-methylation has been shown to preferentially occur within bivalent domains is intriguing and warrants further study [3], and also suggests that th ...
Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... of neurons outside of layer IV, particularly those in layers V and VI. One such approach for distinguishing among different local circuits in these layers may be to identify the projection target of neurons whose axon collaterals contribute to the local network. In vivo, this can be accomplished usi ...
... of neurons outside of layer IV, particularly those in layers V and VI. One such approach for distinguishing among different local circuits in these layers may be to identify the projection target of neurons whose axon collaterals contribute to the local network. In vivo, this can be accomplished usi ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... The idea of the present two-part paper is that, at the appropriate level of analysis, there are certain uniformities in the structure of the brain that suggest that some simple general principles of organization must be at work. If this is the case, looking at the tasks performed by the brain from a ...
... The idea of the present two-part paper is that, at the appropriate level of analysis, there are certain uniformities in the structure of the brain that suggest that some simple general principles of organization must be at work. If this is the case, looking at the tasks performed by the brain from a ...
The human nervous system An anatomical viewpoint
... Columnal functional unit: vertical (perpendicular to the surface) units. Each unit = 50-500 m in diameter, height= thickness of cortex. e.g. Sensory areas, all neurons in one unit are activated by the same peripheral stimulus. = a piece of cortex supplied by a single axon from thalamus. (B) Neocor ...
... Columnal functional unit: vertical (perpendicular to the surface) units. Each unit = 50-500 m in diameter, height= thickness of cortex. e.g. Sensory areas, all neurons in one unit are activated by the same peripheral stimulus. = a piece of cortex supplied by a single axon from thalamus. (B) Neocor ...
A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... of their afferent connectivity. Anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques have demonstrated extensive redundancy in the connections of these visual areas. In other words, each area receives from several subcortical nuclei and cortical areas (see review in Bullier, 1985). The use of dual retrogra ...
... of their afferent connectivity. Anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques have demonstrated extensive redundancy in the connections of these visual areas. In other words, each area receives from several subcortical nuclei and cortical areas (see review in Bullier, 1985). The use of dual retrogra ...
A simultaneous ERP/fMRI investigation of the P300 aging effect
... this regard. EEG traces cortical neural activity with finegrained temporal accuracy (in the order of milliseconds) but allows only limited inferences to be drawn regarding underlying generators, especially when multiple generators are simultaneously activated. In direct contrast, fMRI provides a sop ...
... this regard. EEG traces cortical neural activity with finegrained temporal accuracy (in the order of milliseconds) but allows only limited inferences to be drawn regarding underlying generators, especially when multiple generators are simultaneously activated. In direct contrast, fMRI provides a sop ...
Deficient Fear Conditioning in Psychopathy
... [CS]) comes to predict a fear-eliciting stimulus (unconditioned stimulus [US]) after they have been paired several times.4-6 The brain circuits underlying the acquisition and maintenance of conditioned fear in humans have been the focus of major research efforts. Imaging studies using positron emiss ...
... [CS]) comes to predict a fear-eliciting stimulus (unconditioned stimulus [US]) after they have been paired several times.4-6 The brain circuits underlying the acquisition and maintenance of conditioned fear in humans have been the focus of major research efforts. Imaging studies using positron emiss ...
Kenedy,Dehay Cell-cycle control and cortical development
... between modes are not completely understood46. Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of ...
... between modes are not completely understood46. Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of ...
Exploration of Variability of Arkypallidal and Prototypical Projections
... performed three times. Afterwards the fragments were placed in solutions containing secondary antibodies with Cy for two hours. The markers used were Cy3-rabbit, Cy3-guinea pig, Cy5-rabbit, Cy5-guinea pig and Cy5-chicken. ...
... performed three times. Afterwards the fragments were placed in solutions containing secondary antibodies with Cy for two hours. The markers used were Cy3-rabbit, Cy3-guinea pig, Cy5-rabbit, Cy5-guinea pig and Cy5-chicken. ...
Cell-cycle control and cortical development - Stem
... between modes are not completely understood46. Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of ...
... between modes are not completely understood46. Mechanisms determining neuron number. The computations carried out by the cerebral cortex require specific patterns of connections between precise numbers of diverse types of neurons51. One possibility is that there is a tight spatio-temporal control of ...
Attention - Biology Courses Server
... • Resting state activities likely include monitoring environment and daydreaming. • Attention confers behavioral flexibility. – We use attention to focus mental resources. – Network of brain areas, priority maps – Allocation of attention followed by selective enhanced processing in sensory cortex • ...
... • Resting state activities likely include monitoring environment and daydreaming. • Attention confers behavioral flexibility. – We use attention to focus mental resources. – Network of brain areas, priority maps – Allocation of attention followed by selective enhanced processing in sensory cortex • ...
Structural brain MRI studies in eye diseases: are they clinically
... injury (cortical remapping) (Liepert et al. 2000; Pascual-Leone et al. 2005). Regenerative brain plasticity This term is used to describe that neuroplasticity occurred despite of previously observed neurodegeneration. Cortical structural changes This paper uses the term cortical structural changes w ...
... injury (cortical remapping) (Liepert et al. 2000; Pascual-Leone et al. 2005). Regenerative brain plasticity This term is used to describe that neuroplasticity occurred despite of previously observed neurodegeneration. Cortical structural changes This paper uses the term cortical structural changes w ...
Supplemental Information for Free D
... echo time, 28 ms; 20 interleaved axial slices; thickness, 4 mm; gap, 1 mm; voxel size, 3.75 x 3.75 x 3.75; flip angle, 90°; field of view, 24 cm; matrix, 64 x 64). The first four scans at the beginning of each time series were acquired to allow the signal to reach a steady state and were not include ...
... echo time, 28 ms; 20 interleaved axial slices; thickness, 4 mm; gap, 1 mm; voxel size, 3.75 x 3.75 x 3.75; flip angle, 90°; field of view, 24 cm; matrix, 64 x 64). The first four scans at the beginning of each time series were acquired to allow the signal to reach a steady state and were not include ...
Depth Perception
... stereogram in which the background plane is transparent, and where two depths, one from low and one from high spatial frequencies, can be observed simultaneously. He concludes that patches of the visual field may be fused and then held "locked" by some form of hysteresis as proposed by Julesz 1971. ...
... stereogram in which the background plane is transparent, and where two depths, one from low and one from high spatial frequencies, can be observed simultaneously. He concludes that patches of the visual field may be fused and then held "locked" by some form of hysteresis as proposed by Julesz 1971. ...
On the computational architecture of the neocortex
... The idea of the present two-part paper is that, at the appropriate level of analysis, there are certain uniformities in the structure of the brain that suggest that some simple general principles of organization must be at work. If this is the case, looking at the tasks performed by the brain from a ...
... The idea of the present two-part paper is that, at the appropriate level of analysis, there are certain uniformities in the structure of the brain that suggest that some simple general principles of organization must be at work. If this is the case, looking at the tasks performed by the brain from a ...
Posterior cingulate cortex: adapting behavior to a
... Recent studies have provided evidence that both humans and nonhuman animals often employ sophisticated, model-based assumptions when learning about their environments [7,11,15]. That is, agents first determine an appropriate set of constructs by which to model the world, and then update the paramete ...
... Recent studies have provided evidence that both humans and nonhuman animals often employ sophisticated, model-based assumptions when learning about their environments [7,11,15]. That is, agents first determine an appropriate set of constructs by which to model the world, and then update the paramete ...
The Nervous System
... – The white matter of the CNS contains bundles of axons called tracts that share common origins, destinations, and functions • Tracts in the spinal cord form larger groups called columns – Pathways link the centers of the brain with the rest of the body • Sensory (ascending) pathways distribute info ...
... – The white matter of the CNS contains bundles of axons called tracts that share common origins, destinations, and functions • Tracts in the spinal cord form larger groups called columns – Pathways link the centers of the brain with the rest of the body • Sensory (ascending) pathways distribute info ...
Horizontal Interactions in Cat Striate Cortex: 1. Anatomical Substrate
... 1983) and rhodamine-conjugated latex beads (RBs) (Katz et al., 1984). FB was dissolved at a concentration of 5 % in distilled water, DY at a concentration of 2% in distilled water and FG was dissolved at a concentration of 3 % in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) and injected in amounts of 500 nl. RBs wer ...
... 1983) and rhodamine-conjugated latex beads (RBs) (Katz et al., 1984). FB was dissolved at a concentration of 5 % in distilled water, DY at a concentration of 2% in distilled water and FG was dissolved at a concentration of 3 % in 0.2 M phosphate buffer (PB) and injected in amounts of 500 nl. RBs wer ...
Calcium-activated chloride channels: a new target to
... cortex. The role of ANO2-mediated spike adaptation, which can be considered a type of self-inhibition in TC neurons, was emphasized on the basis of considerable increase in pain responses in mice with thalamic-restricted ANO2 knockdown. Interestingly, ANO2 currents restrict excessive spike generatio ...
... cortex. The role of ANO2-mediated spike adaptation, which can be considered a type of self-inhibition in TC neurons, was emphasized on the basis of considerable increase in pain responses in mice with thalamic-restricted ANO2 knockdown. Interestingly, ANO2 currents restrict excessive spike generatio ...
cerebral cortex - Global Anatomy Home Page
... cortex, but anterior cerebral supplies some of the underlying white matter so that blockage of this artery can also interfere with speech. Medial aspect of temporal lobe, including much of the hippocampus (limbic system structure to be discussed in later lecture): posterior cerebral. Brodmann’s area ...
... cortex, but anterior cerebral supplies some of the underlying white matter so that blockage of this artery can also interfere with speech. Medial aspect of temporal lobe, including much of the hippocampus (limbic system structure to be discussed in later lecture): posterior cerebral. Brodmann’s area ...
Network Self-Organization Explains the Statistics and
... governing these connectivity patterns is essential for understanding brain function. The overall distribution of synaptic strengths of local excitatory connections in cortex and hippocampus is long-tailed, exhibiting a small number of synaptic connections of very large efficacy. At the same time, ne ...
... governing these connectivity patterns is essential for understanding brain function. The overall distribution of synaptic strengths of local excitatory connections in cortex and hippocampus is long-tailed, exhibiting a small number of synaptic connections of very large efficacy. At the same time, ne ...
Connectome
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/White_Matter_Connections_Obtained_with_MRI_Tractography.png?width=300)
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.