Self-Organizing Feature Maps with Lateral Connections: Modeling
... interactions between neurons then focus the initial activation pattern into a localized response on the map. After the pattern has stabilized, all connection weights are modi ed. As the self-organization progresses, the neurons grow more nonlinear and weak connections die o. Below, these general st ...
... interactions between neurons then focus the initial activation pattern into a localized response on the map. After the pattern has stabilized, all connection weights are modi ed. As the self-organization progresses, the neurons grow more nonlinear and weak connections die o. Below, these general st ...
ExamView - Unit 3 Practice Test.tst
... stands next to him. Which brain region has most likely been damaged? a. the visual cortex in the occipital lobe b. the underside of the right temporal lobe c. Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe d. the hippocampus in the limbic system e. the reticular formation in the brainstem ____ 19. If a b ...
... stands next to him. Which brain region has most likely been damaged? a. the visual cortex in the occipital lobe b. the underside of the right temporal lobe c. Wernicke's area in the left temporal lobe d. the hippocampus in the limbic system e. the reticular formation in the brainstem ____ 19. If a b ...
Sample
... 31. Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep and mood? a) GABA Incorrect. GABA is associated with helping calm anxiety. b) serotonin Correct. Serotonin is associated with mood, sleep, and appetite. c) dopamine d) acetylcholine ANS: B, p. 47, F (1) Section: Brain Circuits: Making Connections 3 ...
... 31. Which neurotransmitter is associated with sleep and mood? a) GABA Incorrect. GABA is associated with helping calm anxiety. b) serotonin Correct. Serotonin is associated with mood, sleep, and appetite. c) dopamine d) acetylcholine ANS: B, p. 47, F (1) Section: Brain Circuits: Making Connections 3 ...
Corticofugal modulation of frequency processing in bat auditory
... and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. These properties are assumed to arise from the interactions of convergent and divergent projections ascending from lower to higher auditory areas1; such a view, however, ignores the possible ro ...
... and in many auditory regions are arranged in topographical maps with respect to their preferred frequency. These properties are assumed to arise from the interactions of convergent and divergent projections ascending from lower to higher auditory areas1; such a view, however, ignores the possible ro ...
Presentation
... What fraction of regenerated serotonin axons survive long-term and do they attain normal morphology and spatial distribution? ~90% of the regenerated axons survive for 6 months after PCA treatment: They survive at the same rate as uninjured serotonin axons. Furthermore, their distribution and shape ...
... What fraction of regenerated serotonin axons survive long-term and do they attain normal morphology and spatial distribution? ~90% of the regenerated axons survive for 6 months after PCA treatment: They survive at the same rate as uninjured serotonin axons. Furthermore, their distribution and shape ...
Discussion and future directions
... the fact that it was mainly inspired by models of the visual cortex (see also discussion in Section 7.1.2 below). The power of the visual model was twofold. Firstly, at its heart, the modeling of visual cortex organization challenges the idea of innate cortical features (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962; Gilb ...
... the fact that it was mainly inspired by models of the visual cortex (see also discussion in Section 7.1.2 below). The power of the visual model was twofold. Firstly, at its heart, the modeling of visual cortex organization challenges the idea of innate cortical features (Hubel and Wiesel, 1962; Gilb ...
Connections of the Hypothalamus
... Model of the basic plan of the hypothalamus. It is convenient to start with the activation of a particular node (black) in the behavior control column. Note two classes of output. One consists of ‘descending’ projections to brainstem, and in some cases spinal, regions associated with the somatic and ...
... Model of the basic plan of the hypothalamus. It is convenient to start with the activation of a particular node (black) in the behavior control column. Note two classes of output. One consists of ‘descending’ projections to brainstem, and in some cases spinal, regions associated with the somatic and ...
High-performance genetically targetable optical neural
... in response to light. These properties of Arch are appropriate to mediate the optical silencing of significant brain volumes over behaviourally relevant timescales. Arch function in neurons is well tolerated because pH excursions created by Arch illumination are minimized by self-limiting mechanisms ...
... in response to light. These properties of Arch are appropriate to mediate the optical silencing of significant brain volumes over behaviourally relevant timescales. Arch function in neurons is well tolerated because pH excursions created by Arch illumination are minimized by self-limiting mechanisms ...
Acetylcholinesterase in central vocal control nuclei of the zebra finch
... efficacy and neurochemical content constitutes a wellsuited model to elucidate neuronal correlates of learning and memory processes. The vocal repertoire in each case needs to be acquired. Once acquired it is either retained throughout life in a stereotyped manner, or can built upon. It may be lost ...
... efficacy and neurochemical content constitutes a wellsuited model to elucidate neuronal correlates of learning and memory processes. The vocal repertoire in each case needs to be acquired. Once acquired it is either retained throughout life in a stereotyped manner, or can built upon. It may be lost ...
Rate versus Temporal Coding Models
... neuron, up to recordings from intact brains in behaving animals. Therefore, in addition to describing the ideas behind the putative temporal codes, this article will try to evaluate the evidence in support of each code. The evidence for a temporal code can be divided broadly into four categories (se ...
... neuron, up to recordings from intact brains in behaving animals. Therefore, in addition to describing the ideas behind the putative temporal codes, this article will try to evaluate the evidence in support of each code. The evidence for a temporal code can be divided broadly into four categories (se ...
A double-dissociation of English past
... remained outside the scope of these models, its proponents argued that clinical double-dissociations could be low-probability stochastic (i.e. non-systematic) phenomena and as such can be simulated in homogeneous networks (Gonnerman et al., 1997; Juola and Plunkett, 1998). A number of investigators ...
... remained outside the scope of these models, its proponents argued that clinical double-dissociations could be low-probability stochastic (i.e. non-systematic) phenomena and as such can be simulated in homogeneous networks (Gonnerman et al., 1997; Juola and Plunkett, 1998). A number of investigators ...
PHS 398 (Rev. 9/04), Biographical Sketch Format Page
... the use of electrophysiological method, the electro-corticogram (ECoG) technique, for investigation of mild traumatic brain injuries in experimental animals. The changes of excitability in the affected neural networks were used as a marker to study the temporal course of brain injury due to a trauma ...
... the use of electrophysiological method, the electro-corticogram (ECoG) technique, for investigation of mild traumatic brain injuries in experimental animals. The changes of excitability in the affected neural networks were used as a marker to study the temporal course of brain injury due to a trauma ...
Cerebellum: Movement Regulation and Cognitive Functions
... our kinaesthetic receptors, which signal the forces, lengths and velocities of the many muscles throughout the body and the strain and motion of the skeletal joints. The state of the world is monitored by our tactile receptors, which sense contact forces, shears and locations of nearby objects, and ...
... our kinaesthetic receptors, which signal the forces, lengths and velocities of the many muscles throughout the body and the strain and motion of the skeletal joints. The state of the world is monitored by our tactile receptors, which sense contact forces, shears and locations of nearby objects, and ...
Looking for the roots of cortical sensory computation in three
... exhibit various types of oscillations. In PCx, these oscillations are usually split into 3 frequency bands: slow respiratory theta rhythm (1–15 Hz); beta (15–35 Hz); and gamma (40–100 Hz) [71]. Although gamma has long been a focus of research in mammalian cortex, beta oscillations have, over recent ...
... exhibit various types of oscillations. In PCx, these oscillations are usually split into 3 frequency bands: slow respiratory theta rhythm (1–15 Hz); beta (15–35 Hz); and gamma (40–100 Hz) [71]. Although gamma has long been a focus of research in mammalian cortex, beta oscillations have, over recent ...
Embryological origin for autism
... the gross form of the brains of some such animals at term is surprisingly normal (Chisaka et al., 1992). The hreisler mouse, with a deficiency that appears to represent the absence of two rhombmeres, is normal on external inspection and can survive to adulthood (McKay et al., 1994). Thus, it was our ...
... the gross form of the brains of some such animals at term is surprisingly normal (Chisaka et al., 1992). The hreisler mouse, with a deficiency that appears to represent the absence of two rhombmeres, is normal on external inspection and can survive to adulthood (McKay et al., 1994). Thus, it was our ...
the emergence of cerebral asymmetries in early human
... instead whether they reflect different processing styles, such as feature-analysis vs. holistic processing, as has been proposed for adults. In addition, the behavioral studies are actually quite few in number. Moreover, they have focused overwhelmingly on auditory asymmetries, particularly for huma ...
... instead whether they reflect different processing styles, such as feature-analysis vs. holistic processing, as has been proposed for adults. In addition, the behavioral studies are actually quite few in number. Moreover, they have focused overwhelmingly on auditory asymmetries, particularly for huma ...
High-performance genetically targetable optical neural silencing by
... synthesized by Genscript and fused to GFP in lentiviral and mammalian expression vectors as used previously5,23 for transfection or viral infection of neurons. Primary hippocampal or cortical neurons were cultured and then transfected with plasmids or infected with viruses encoding for genes of inte ...
... synthesized by Genscript and fused to GFP in lentiviral and mammalian expression vectors as used previously5,23 for transfection or viral infection of neurons. Primary hippocampal or cortical neurons were cultured and then transfected with plasmids or infected with viruses encoding for genes of inte ...
A soft-wired hypothalamus
... been proposed years before leptin was discovered or the significance of MC4Rs recognized in metabolism regulation23. The simplicity of the putative hypothalamic feeding center is remarkable, and it suggests Figure 1 Schematic of three hypothalamic peptidergic systems, which show rapid synaptic perik ...
... been proposed years before leptin was discovered or the significance of MC4Rs recognized in metabolism regulation23. The simplicity of the putative hypothalamic feeding center is remarkable, and it suggests Figure 1 Schematic of three hypothalamic peptidergic systems, which show rapid synaptic perik ...
Chapter 2 - TC Online
... – Excitatory neurotransmitter: neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to fire – Inhibitory neurotransmitter: neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to stop firing – The term “fire” indicates that a neuron has received, in its dendrites, appropriate inputs from other neurons. ...
... – Excitatory neurotransmitter: neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to fire – Inhibitory neurotransmitter: neurotransmitter that causes the receiving cell to stop firing – The term “fire” indicates that a neuron has received, in its dendrites, appropriate inputs from other neurons. ...
Proceedings from the 2015 UK-Korea Neuroscience Symposium
... controlled method to resolve synapses at the level of LM, termed mammalian GFP reconstitution across synaptic partners (mGRASP), is synapse-specific labeling with two complementary GFP components. mGRASP is based on two non-fluorescent splitGFP fragments (called spGFP1-10 and spGFP11) tethered to sy ...
... controlled method to resolve synapses at the level of LM, termed mammalian GFP reconstitution across synaptic partners (mGRASP), is synapse-specific labeling with two complementary GFP components. mGRASP is based on two non-fluorescent splitGFP fragments (called spGFP1-10 and spGFP11) tethered to sy ...
12 - Dr. Jerry Cronin
... Patterns of neuronal electrical activity Generated by synaptic activity in cortex Each person's brain waves are unique Can be grouped into four classes based on frequency measured as hertz (Hz) – Alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves ...
... Patterns of neuronal electrical activity Generated by synaptic activity in cortex Each person's brain waves are unique Can be grouped into four classes based on frequency measured as hertz (Hz) – Alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves ...
A Candidate Pathway for a Visual Instructional Signal to the Barn
... to allow transport along the neurites before fixation. In nine animals (E14, three E16, E18, E26, E30, and two E32), the projection from the OT to the inferior colliculus (IC) was anterogradely labeled by application of small crystals of biotinylated dextran amine into the deeper layers of the OT (l ...
... to allow transport along the neurites before fixation. In nine animals (E14, three E16, E18, E26, E30, and two E32), the projection from the OT to the inferior colliculus (IC) was anterogradely labeled by application of small crystals of biotinylated dextran amine into the deeper layers of the OT (l ...
diencephalon - Loyola University Medical Education Network
... potentials, but followed by a longer period of inactivation, so in this state they are unable to transmit information about specific inputs accurately. (The amplification provided by these channels may act as a “lookout” but unable to participate in a detailed analysis; tonic mode may allow focusing ...
... potentials, but followed by a longer period of inactivation, so in this state they are unable to transmit information about specific inputs accurately. (The amplification provided by these channels may act as a “lookout” but unable to participate in a detailed analysis; tonic mode may allow focusing ...
Flow-metabolism coupling in human visual, motor, and
... BOLD and CBF for all three stimulus levels from the ROI for each individual in the PVC (Fig. 4a), PMC (Fig. 4b), and SMA (Fig. 4c). Measurements from the three different stimulation levels for a given subject are joined by lines, and data points are consistently labeled so that somatosensory activat ...
... BOLD and CBF for all three stimulus levels from the ROI for each individual in the PVC (Fig. 4a), PMC (Fig. 4b), and SMA (Fig. 4c). Measurements from the three different stimulation levels for a given subject are joined by lines, and data points are consistently labeled so that somatosensory activat ...
Connectome
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.