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3 layers
3 layers

... after a period of high-frequency stimulation – role for glutamate = binds NMDA glutamate receptors on post-synaptic neurons • different categories of memory – 1. immediate: ability to recall ongoing experiences, provides perspective to the present time so we know where we are and what we are doing – ...
Optic Nerves * Jack Baesman
Optic Nerves * Jack Baesman

... Sensory Nerves associated with sense of smell Contains only axons of sensory, bipolar neurons. Located in upper nasal cavity Olfactory receptor cells carry impulses to neurons in olfactory bulbs Sensory impulses travel from bulbs along olfactory tracts to the cerebral centers where they are interpre ...
Psychology-Parts-of-the-Brain-and-Their
Psychology-Parts-of-the-Brain-and-Their

... The limbic system contains glands which help relay emotions. Many hormonal responses that the body generates are initiated in this area. The limbic system includes the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus and thalamus. Amygdala:The amygdala helps the body responds to emotions, memories and fear. It i ...
Behavioral Neuroscience
Behavioral Neuroscience

... stem, inside the temporal lobes • Integrates visceral information with perceptions from external environment by using input from multiple modalities (visual, auditory cues etc). • Relates this information with previous experience • Emotional significance or meaning of our perceptions and experiences ...
The Nervous System - riverridge210.org
The Nervous System - riverridge210.org

... 4. Most important feature is there are small nodes or gaps in thy myelin allowing the impulse to jump from note to node instead of moving along the membrane. Jumping greatly increases the speed of the impulse. 5. The minimum level of a stimulus that is required to activate a neuron is called a thre ...
Basic principles of attention and decision
Basic principles of attention and decision

... • Do not mistake with the ‘where’ (old) pathway: SC and pulvinar • Parietal cortex represents potential targets to reach with respect to body, and is involved in motor control (see Ramachandran, Balint’s syndrom) • Lateral Intraparietal cortex (LIP):  highest-order area in the visual hierarchy of t ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear. ...
ling411-21 - Rice University
ling411-21 - Rice University

... syntactic processing were distinguished, one dealing with building a local phrase (i.e. a noun phrase consisting of a determiner and a noun ‘the boy’) and one dealing with building complex, hierarchically structured sequences (like embedded sentences ‘This is the girl who kissed the president’). DTI ...
Tract Origin Crossing Synapse Ends Purpose Motor Descending
Tract Origin Crossing Synapse Ends Purpose Motor Descending

...  peduncle/pontine lesions; hydrocephalus; prefrontal cortex; spinal cord disorder; contralateral ataxia-hemiparesis ...
So it is the number of action potentials per second
So it is the number of action potentials per second

... 2. As this occurs, there is a greater and greater negative charge within the cell due to the loss of K+ and the anions left inside. 3. This buildup of negative charge creates a charge gradient for cations (potassium) to flow back in. 4. Eventually potassium would be entering the neuron at the same r ...
Nervous System - ocw@unimas - Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
Nervous System - ocw@unimas - Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

... At  the  end  of  the  unit,  you  should  be  able  to:   1.  Discuss  the  coordina8on  process  in  nervous  system.   2.  Compare  the  invertebrate  and  vertebrate  nervous   organiza8ons.   3.  Describe  the  soma8c  and  autonomic ...
Functional Framework for Cognition
Functional Framework for Cognition

... The verbal part --- such as rehearsing words or numbers silently --involves the speech areas of the cortex (especially the dominant hemisphere). E.g., Broca and Wernicke's areas. The visual part --- such as visual imagery to think about how to walk from one place to another --- seems to involve visu ...
Outline14 Efferent NS
Outline14 Efferent NS

... nicotinic cholinergic receptors at the motor end plate binding of ACh open cation channels → strong EPSP → exceeds threshold → muscle AP B. Autonomic Division (ANS) - involuntary control of autonomic effectors (visceral organs, blood vessels, etc.) - activated by the hypothalamus, pons & medulla, an ...
PET Imaging of Differential Cortical Activation to
PET Imaging of Differential Cortical Activation to

... Abstract. PET imaging was used to investigate the brain activation patterns of listeners presented monaurally (right-ear) with speech and nonspeech stimuli. The major objectives were to identify regions involved with speech and nonspeech processing, and to develop a stimulus paradigm suitable for st ...
Lecture 15
Lecture 15

... Leaky integrate and fire neurons Encode each individual spike Time is represented exactly Each spike has an associated time The timing of recent incoming spikes determines whether a neuron will fire • Computationally expensive • Can we do almost as well without encoding every single spike? ...
motor unit
motor unit

... the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+ remains high The prolonged availability of Ca2+ in the cytosol permits more of the cross bridges to continue participating in the cycling process for a longer time With an increase in the frequency of action potentials, duration of elevated cytosolic Ca2+ concentr ...
Module 1:Human Nervous System Lecture 5:Spinal cord The
Module 1:Human Nervous System Lecture 5:Spinal cord The

... bundle of axons covering full length of the body. Its primary function is to facilitate reflex movements. The animation given below demonstrates the mechanism of reflex action. ...
Nervous System: Reflexes and Peripheral Nervous System
Nervous System: Reflexes and Peripheral Nervous System

... automatic responses to specific stimuli ...
Learning to Recover Meaning from Unannotated
Learning to Recover Meaning from Unannotated

... approaches. Additionally, there has been significant recent work on learning to do other, related, natural language semantic analysis tasks from context-dependent database queries [16, 26], grounded event streams [13, 5, 2], environment interactions [3, 4, 20], and even unannotated text [17, 18]. In ...
Nervous - Anoka-Hennepin School District
Nervous - Anoka-Hennepin School District

... parietal- recieves and evaluates most sensory information like touch and taste from the skin and muscles of body with large areas for the lips, face. occipital- receives and interprets visual input. temporal- evaluates olfactory and auditory input and plays a role in memory. ...
The Brain and The Nervous System
The Brain and The Nervous System

... • Her autonomic NS controls involuntary actions of internal organs. At the start of the race her sympathetic NS would be activated, resulting in an increase in Renees’ adrenaline, heart rate, respiration and sweating. After the race her parasympathetic NS would slow her heart rate and respiration ra ...
Document
Document

... 3. Match the term.(choose the best answer) cerebrum, The sensorimotor cortex is located here. medulla oblongata thalamus ...
NAlab08_DescMotor
NAlab08_DescMotor

... gyrus. This area is important in the execution of movments. Area 4 lesions produce weakness. Area 6 is a premotor region that includes several somatotopically organized components. One of these is the supplementary motor area (SMA) located in the most dorsomedial part of area 6. This area is thought ...
Descending Motor Pathways Objective • To learn the functional
Descending Motor Pathways Objective • To learn the functional

... gyrus. This area is important in the execution of movments. Area 4 lesions produce weakness. Area 6 is a premotor region that includes several somatotopically organized components. One of these is the supplementary motor area (SMA) located in the most dorsomedial part of area 6. This area is thought ...
Notes on Learning to Compute and Computing to Learn
Notes on Learning to Compute and Computing to Learn

... a statistically significant difference between the neuron’s response to a stimulus combination compared to its response to the individual component stimulus [21]. There is some evidence, based on experiments on cats, that certain areas of the cats’ nervous system comprise unimodal neurons, at least ...
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Embodied language processing

Embodied cognition occurs when an organism’s sensorimotor capacities (ability of the body to respond to its senses with movement), body and environment play an important role in thinking. The way in which a person’s body and their surroundings interacts also allows for specific brain functions to develop and in the future to be able to act. This means that not only does the mind influence the body’s movements, but the body also influences the abilities of the mind. There are three generalizations that are assumed to be true relating to embodied cognition. A person's motor system (that controls movement of the body) is activated when (1) they observe manipulable objects, (2) process action verbs, and (3) observe another individual's movements.In order to create movement of the body, a person usually thinks (or the brain subconsciously functions) about the movement it would like to accomplish. Embodied language processing asserts that there can also be an opposite influence. This means that moving your body in a certain way will impact how you comprehend, as well as process, language – whether it is an individual word or a complete phrase or sentence. Embodied language processing suggests that the brain resources that are used for perception, action, and emotion are also used during language comprehension. Studies have found that participants are faster at comprehending a sentence when the picture that goes along with it matches the actions described in the sentence. Action and language about action have been found to be connected because the areas of the brain that control them overlap It has been found that action can influence how a person understands a word, phrase, or sentence, but language can also impact a person's actions.
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