Individualism and Freedom
... the social restrictions on individual consumption decisions comes from Barton Beebe, who has argued that a modern form of sumptuary code is emerging through intellectual property law. In economic terms, what Beebe is describing, is the tradeoff between dynamic and static efficiency: intellectual pro ...
... the social restrictions on individual consumption decisions comes from Barton Beebe, who has argued that a modern form of sumptuary code is emerging through intellectual property law. In economic terms, what Beebe is describing, is the tradeoff between dynamic and static efficiency: intellectual pro ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... shown, however, that the nAChR antagonist methyllicaconitine (MLA), at concentrations previously thought to be ␣7-specific, was able to precipitate nicotine withdrawal in ␣7⫺/⫺ mice (Salas et al., 2007). This indicates that the nAChR antagonists available may not be as specific as previously believe ...
... shown, however, that the nAChR antagonist methyllicaconitine (MLA), at concentrations previously thought to be ␣7-specific, was able to precipitate nicotine withdrawal in ␣7⫺/⫺ mice (Salas et al., 2007). This indicates that the nAChR antagonists available may not be as specific as previously believe ...
Glutamine deficiency in the prefrontal cortex increases depressive
... Fig. 1: L-α aminoadipic acid (L-AAA) infusion into the mouse prelimbic cortex (PLC) led to a reduction of astrocytes compared with the vehicle injection group (sham; A and B, bregma 1.98, t8 = 2.86, p = 0.021; bregma 1.78; t = 3.63, p = 0.007; bregma 1.54, t8 = 2.68, p = 0.028). We performed the imm ...
... Fig. 1: L-α aminoadipic acid (L-AAA) infusion into the mouse prelimbic cortex (PLC) led to a reduction of astrocytes compared with the vehicle injection group (sham; A and B, bregma 1.98, t8 = 2.86, p = 0.021; bregma 1.78; t = 3.63, p = 0.007; bregma 1.54, t8 = 2.68, p = 0.028). We performed the imm ...
Mental Simulation and Meaning in Life
... or implicit religious thinking can also enable people to derive meaning from specific events. Despite these consistent links across independent domains of research, the direct relationship between simulation and meaning in life has not yet been explicitly tested. What is more, the research reviewed ...
... or implicit religious thinking can also enable people to derive meaning from specific events. Despite these consistent links across independent domains of research, the direct relationship between simulation and meaning in life has not yet been explicitly tested. What is more, the research reviewed ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and ...
... "intrinsic mechanism hypothesis," a new hypothesis of vestibular compensation, the behavioral recovery that follows unilateral deafferentation of the vestibular labyrinth (UVD). The most salient characteristic of vestibular compensation is the decrease in the severity of the static ocular motor and ...
Comprehensive Review of Golgi Staining Methods for Nervous Tissue
... morphological studies because there are countless proteins that cannot be targeted with specific antibodies. Second, there is a limitation to immunostaining if the specimen is a human brain tissue because in such specimens, protein denaturation inevitably occurs, decreasing the specific labeling of ...
... morphological studies because there are countless proteins that cannot be targeted with specific antibodies. Second, there is a limitation to immunostaining if the specimen is a human brain tissue because in such specimens, protein denaturation inevitably occurs, decreasing the specific labeling of ...
Projections of auditory cortex to the medial geniculate body of the cat
... which a cochleotopic organization is attenuated or absent (Clarey et al., 1992). Differences in projections between tonotopic and nontonotopic areas could suggest areally specific patterns of corticofugal control. Finally, these results will serve as a framework to compare the auditory corticogenicu ...
... which a cochleotopic organization is attenuated or absent (Clarey et al., 1992). Differences in projections between tonotopic and nontonotopic areas could suggest areally specific patterns of corticofugal control. Finally, these results will serve as a framework to compare the auditory corticogenicu ...
GLUCOCORTICOIDS INCREASE CNS INFLAMMATION
... GR is increased. It is not until a sustained, major stressor that GR occupancy is saturated. Thus, MR is responsible for much of the effects of basal and low-stress levels of GCs (i.e. the permissive effects), whereas GR largely mediates the effects of high stress GC levels. This, combined with the ...
... GR is increased. It is not until a sustained, major stressor that GR occupancy is saturated. Thus, MR is responsible for much of the effects of basal and low-stress levels of GCs (i.e. the permissive effects), whereas GR largely mediates the effects of high stress GC levels. This, combined with the ...
Decreased cohesin in the brain leads to defective synapse
... development in the cerebral cortex We consider haplodeficient mice, which exhibit higher brain dysfunction, as a model of CdLS. Because abnormal synapse formation is observed in cortical layer II/III of some animal models of higher brain dysfunction (Hayashi et al., 2004; Cruz-Martín et al., 2010), ...
... development in the cerebral cortex We consider haplodeficient mice, which exhibit higher brain dysfunction, as a model of CdLS. Because abnormal synapse formation is observed in cortical layer II/III of some animal models of higher brain dysfunction (Hayashi et al., 2004; Cruz-Martín et al., 2010), ...
Test Bank 1
... b. ability to adapt to new conditions Correct: When one part of the brain adapts and adjusts to the deficits caused by problems with another part of the brain, this is known as plasticity. c. level of complexity Incorrect: Plasticity refers to the ability of the brain to adapt and adjust, not to its ...
... b. ability to adapt to new conditions Correct: When one part of the brain adapts and adjusts to the deficits caused by problems with another part of the brain, this is known as plasticity. c. level of complexity Incorrect: Plasticity refers to the ability of the brain to adapt and adjust, not to its ...
Effects of Brain Damage (cont`d.)
... © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. ...
... © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part. ...
Dipole Localization - Home
... We can speak, move, remember, and feel emotions and physical sensations because of the complex interplay of chemical and electrical processes that take place in our brains. The human brain is made up of billions of nerve cells, called neurons that share information with one another through a large a ...
... We can speak, move, remember, and feel emotions and physical sensations because of the complex interplay of chemical and electrical processes that take place in our brains. The human brain is made up of billions of nerve cells, called neurons that share information with one another through a large a ...
Reverse pharmacology of orexin
... these cells during wakefulness. Orexin neurons might activate another type of cholinergic neurons in the PPT and LDT, which are active in wakefulness as well as the REM-sleep period. Recent work also shows that orexin inhibits cholinergic neurons in the PPT via activation of GABAergic local interneu ...
... these cells during wakefulness. Orexin neurons might activate another type of cholinergic neurons in the PPT and LDT, which are active in wakefulness as well as the REM-sleep period. Recent work also shows that orexin inhibits cholinergic neurons in the PPT via activation of GABAergic local interneu ...
Andrea Kádár
... Understanding the mechanism of the melanocortin-resistance of hypophysiotropic TRH neurons during refeeding AGRP- and α-MSH-IR innervation of TRH neurons A dense network of both AGRP- and α-MSH-IR axons was observed in the PVN surrounding the TRH neurons. The density of the α-MSH-containing axons wa ...
... Understanding the mechanism of the melanocortin-resistance of hypophysiotropic TRH neurons during refeeding AGRP- and α-MSH-IR innervation of TRH neurons A dense network of both AGRP- and α-MSH-IR axons was observed in the PVN surrounding the TRH neurons. The density of the α-MSH-containing axons wa ...
INVESTIGATING THE SOPHISTICATION OF LONG-LATENCY UPPER LIMB
... 2), it compensates for the size-recruitment principle of the motoneuron pool (Chapter 3) and it accounts for the mechanical properties of the upper-limb (Chapter 5). Further investigation revealed that the long-latency response can be decomposed into two functionally-independent processes (Chapter 4 ...
... 2), it compensates for the size-recruitment principle of the motoneuron pool (Chapter 3) and it accounts for the mechanical properties of the upper-limb (Chapter 5). Further investigation revealed that the long-latency response can be decomposed into two functionally-independent processes (Chapter 4 ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... the number of primary dendrites could account for up to 50% of this correlation. Fourthly, dendritic arborization was not correlated with axonal projection, and axonal projection types could not be predicted by electrical excitability parameters. We conclude that 1) dendritic polarity is correlated ...
... the number of primary dendrites could account for up to 50% of this correlation. Fourthly, dendritic arborization was not correlated with axonal projection, and axonal projection types could not be predicted by electrical excitability parameters. We conclude that 1) dendritic polarity is correlated ...
Frontal Eye Field Sends Delay Activity Related to Movement
... may contribute to a variety of functions, including motor planning, working memory, and visual perception, as is suggested by lesion and recording studies. Ablation or reversible inactivation of the FEF or other prefrontal regions profoundly disrupts movements made toward remembered stimuli and also ...
... may contribute to a variety of functions, including motor planning, working memory, and visual perception, as is suggested by lesion and recording studies. Ablation or reversible inactivation of the FEF or other prefrontal regions profoundly disrupts movements made toward remembered stimuli and also ...
Molecules and circuits involved in nicotine addiction: The many
... signaling, peripheral nicotine administration can increase extracellular DA levels in the NAc of rodents for more than an hour (Benwell and Balfour, 1992; Picciotto et al., 1998). The ability of nicotine to potentiate glutamatergic signaling onto DA neurons in the VTA has been proposed as a mechanis ...
... signaling, peripheral nicotine administration can increase extracellular DA levels in the NAc of rodents for more than an hour (Benwell and Balfour, 1992; Picciotto et al., 1998). The ability of nicotine to potentiate glutamatergic signaling onto DA neurons in the VTA has been proposed as a mechanis ...
Changes in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Following Delay
... expression were positively correlated with activity in the amygdala and ACC. The relationship between fear expression and ACC activity existed despite the fact that participants showed a similar level of contingency knowledge as measured with UCS expectancy. This study supports the idea that ACC act ...
... expression were positively correlated with activity in the amygdala and ACC. The relationship between fear expression and ACC activity existed despite the fact that participants showed a similar level of contingency knowledge as measured with UCS expectancy. This study supports the idea that ACC act ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... An overview of existing literature, methods and results that introduces the field of stochastic neuron-like network modelling is given in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. The impact of establishing a network by connecting individual units and the origins of “neuronal noise” are discussed in Chapter 3; the confi ...
... An overview of existing literature, methods and results that introduces the field of stochastic neuron-like network modelling is given in Chapters 2, 3 and 4. The impact of establishing a network by connecting individual units and the origins of “neuronal noise” are discussed in Chapter 3; the confi ...
Projection patterns from the amygdaloid nuclear complex to
... circulation, since black granules were not detected along the ependymal layer adjacent to the injection site. Previously published reports describe only a few retrogradely-labeled cells in the amygdala following substantial horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase ...
... circulation, since black granules were not detected along the ependymal layer adjacent to the injection site. Previously published reports describe only a few retrogradely-labeled cells in the amygdala following substantial horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or wheatgerm agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase ...
Chronic Use and Cognitive Functioning and Mental Health
... Some other studies have reported links between chronic cannabis use and deficits in working memory. One study comparing individuals with chronic cannabis use to those who did not use found greater deficits in a verbal working memory task among those who use and these deficits were tied to altered ne ...
... Some other studies have reported links between chronic cannabis use and deficits in working memory. One study comparing individuals with chronic cannabis use to those who did not use found greater deficits in a verbal working memory task among those who use and these deficits were tied to altered ne ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... optogenetics to examine the synaptic underpinnings of this inhibition in the mouse infralimbic PFC. We find that BLA inputs preferentially target layer 2 corticoamygdala over neighboring corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs make even stronger connections onto neighboring parvalbumin and so ...
... optogenetics to examine the synaptic underpinnings of this inhibition in the mouse infralimbic PFC. We find that BLA inputs preferentially target layer 2 corticoamygdala over neighboring corticostriatal neurons. However, these inputs make even stronger connections onto neighboring parvalbumin and so ...