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Environmental Risk Factors for Schizophrenia
Environmental Risk Factors for Schizophrenia

... main psychoactive component of cannabis primarily acts at cannabinoid receptors,94 and this as well as other cannabinoid agonists have been shown in animals to increase striatal dopamine release.95,96 Initial findings indicate this is the case in man as well,97 a result supported by observations tha ...
Jumpin` the Gap - Teach Genetics (Utah)
Jumpin` the Gap - Teach Genetics (Utah)

... separates it from the outside world. Inside the cell is a concentrated mixture of thousands of different molecules which form a variety of specialized structures that carry out such cell functions as energy production, transport of molecules, waste disposal, synthesis of new molecules, and the stora ...
Brain Day Volunteer Instructor Manual
Brain Day Volunteer Instructor Manual

... The human eye is ~2.5cm in length and weighs about 7g (less than three pennies!). Muscles control the movement of the eye. The eyelid protects the surface of the eye. Tears clean the eye’s surface. The surface of the eye, the cornea, acts like a filter. The iris and pupil adjust to the amount of lig ...
Structures and Learning Simulations
Structures and Learning Simulations

... Takes All, leaves just 1 active neuron and doesn't lead to distributed representation. In the implementation of Kohonen’s SOM the winner is chosen along with its neighborhood. Activation of the neighborhood depends on distance from the winner. Other approaches use combinations of excitatory and in ...
neurons - haltliappsych
neurons - haltliappsych

...  This means that chemical messages are combined before a neuron "decides" to fire its all-or- nothing action potential. ...
Release of neurotransmitters from glia
Release of neurotransmitters from glia

The Nervous System - Florida International University
The Nervous System - Florida International University

...  Relays information to the somatosensory region of the cerebral cortex  The Ventral Lateral Nucleus  Receives motor information from the basal nuclei and cerebellum  Relays information to the motor region of the cerebral cortex  The Medial and Lateral Geniculate Bodies  The medial geniculate b ...
Action potential - Solon City Schools
Action potential - Solon City Schools

... As Allison reaches for a box in her garage, out jumps a big spider. Her heart immediately begins to race as she withdraws her hand, but soon she realizes that the spider is harmless, and she begins to calm down. Which part of her nervous system is responsible for brining her back to a normal state ...
Biology 12 Name: Nervous System Practice Exam Types of Neurons
Biology 12 Name: Nervous System Practice Exam Types of Neurons

... 32. Identify the source gland for adrenalin (epinephrine) and explain its role in the "fight or flight" response. (3 marks) ...
Endocrine and nervous system
Endocrine and nervous system

... • E. Identify the 7 parts of the neuron and summarize how impulses begin and continue. • F. Summarize the relationship between the nervous system parts. ...
Maneeshi Prasad
Maneeshi Prasad

... They are involved in homophilic adhesion, and also act as signaling or receptor molecules Mutations in protocadherin genes and their expression may play a role in schizophrenia and Usher Syndrome ...
IN SILICO SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS TARGETING CHILDHOOD ABSENCE EPILEPSY (CAE)
IN SILICO SCREENING OF PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOUNDS TARGETING CHILDHOOD ABSENCE EPILEPSY (CAE)

... epilepsy in infancy (SMEI) have been associated with different mutations of inhibitory GABAA receptor subunit genes (GABRA1, GABRB3, GABRG2 and GABRD) [5]. Among all different kinds of epilepsy syndromes, our study mainly focuses on Childhood absence epilepsy. Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is a h ...
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor
Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor

... polypeptide initially purified from chick embryo ocular tissue and identified as a trophic factor for embryonic chick ciliary parasympathetic neurons in culture. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that CNTF is a survival factor for additional neuronal cell types including: dorsal root ganglion sen ...
Autonomic Nervous System IV
Autonomic Nervous System IV

... • Gastro-colic reflex ...
Readings to Accompany “Nerves” Worksheet (adapted from France
Readings to Accompany “Nerves” Worksheet (adapted from France

... nerve can stop signals to and from the central nervous system, causing impaired muscle function and loss of (or abnormal) sensation in the injured area. When a nerve is cut, both the nerve and its insulating myelin sheath are disrupted. Compression or tensile injuries can cause nerve fibers to break ...
Effects of cannabinoid drugs on the deficit of prepulse
Effects of cannabinoid drugs on the deficit of prepulse

... 1994) – were able to reverse the deficit in CFC task presented by SHRs. These results suggest that these drugs could constitute an alternative for the treatment of abnormalities in emotional context processing related to schizophrenia (Levin et al., 2012). In order to further investigate the potentia ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... cyton to terminal branches at Synapse. ...
Disruption of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptor
Disruption of Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Receptor

... acid prevents inactivation of cortisol in cortical collecting ducts and distal tubules in the kidney, thereby leading to cortisolinduced MR activation, sodium retention and hypertension.[14,23−26] 11β-HSD2 also has a key function in the regulation of fetal development[15] and protects the fetus from ...
dual-center hypothesis
dual-center hypothesis

... • VMH-lesioned animals exhibit a dynamic phase of obesity with hyperphagia (overeating) until they become obese, on a rich diet. • Their increased weight stabilizes in a static phase of obesity; this weight is maintained even after food manipulations. ...
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Slide 1

... Regions containing phospho-Tyr may serve as specific docking sites for SH2 domain-containing signaling proteins (SH = Src Homology domain) ...
The Nervous system
The Nervous system

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sion to superior salivatory neurons in rats
sion to superior salivatory neurons in rats

... GABA and glycine during the early postnatal period might serve as trophic factors [2, 3] to influence synapse maturation in developing SS neurons. The GABAergic excitatory action induced Ca2+ entry into neurons via NMDA receptors and voltagedependent Ca2+ channels. This Ca2+ influx is thought to be ...
19 Sensation of Smell-14322012-09
19 Sensation of Smell-14322012-09

... • Taste and smell are closely linked even though they involve different receptors and receptive processes. This may suggest an overlap in central processing. • In many species olfactory stimuli play an important role in reproduction (pheromones) although not well developed in humans. • Taste, and to ...
UNIT 4 – HOMEOSTASIS 8.1 – Human Body Systems and H
UNIT 4 – HOMEOSTASIS 8.1 – Human Body Systems and H

... - Most homeostatic mechanisms in animals operate on this principle of negative feedback. For example, body temperature, blood sugar levels, responses to stress, etc. - See Figure 8.3, pg 346 ...
Molecular and Electrophysiological Evidence for a GABAC Receptor
Molecular and Electrophysiological Evidence for a GABAC Receptor

... the reversal potential of GABA-induced currents on external Cl⫺, a low Cl⫺ Hanks’ saline was used. It contained 45 mm Cl⫺ instead of 149.7 mm Cl⫺, and NaCl was replaced by Na methanesulfonate. Pipettes, coated with sylgard and fire-polished, had an average resistance of 3 M⍀ when filled with (in mm) ...
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Endocannabinoid system

The endocannabinoid system is a group of neuromodulatory lipids and their receptors in the brain that are involved in a variety of physiological processes including appetite, pain-sensation, mood, and memory; it mediates the psychoactive effects of cannabis and, broadly speaking, includes: The endogenous arachidonate-based lipids, anandamide (N-arachidonoylethanolamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG); these are known as ""endocannabinoids"" and are physiological ligands for the cannabinoid receptors. Endocannabinoids are all eicosanoids. The enzymes that synthesize and degrade the endocannabinoids, such as fatty acid amide hydrolase or monoacylglycerol lipase. The cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, two G protein-coupled receptors that are located in the central and peripheral nervous systems.The neurons, neural pathways, and other cells where these molecules, enzymes, and one or both cannabinoid receptor types are all colocalized form the endocannabinoid system.The endocannabinoid system has been studied using genetic and pharmacological methods. These studies have revealed that cannabinoids act as neuromodulators for a variety of processes, including motor learning, appetite, and pain sensation, among other cognitive and physical processes. The localization of the CB1 receptor in the endocannabinoid system has a very large degree of overlap with the orexinergic projection system, which mediates many of the same functions, both physical and cognitive. Moreover, CB1 is colocalized on orexin projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output structures of the orexin system, where the CB1 and orexin receptor 1 (OX1) receptors physically and functionally join together to form the CB1–OX1 receptor heterodimer.
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