LAB: Nerve Reflexes
... uses one sensory and one motor neuron (for example, the patellar or knee-jerk reflex). Most reflexes are polysynaptical (involving more than two neurons) and involve the activity of interneurons in the integration center. In these more complicated reflexes, impulses may travel up, down, and transver ...
... uses one sensory and one motor neuron (for example, the patellar or knee-jerk reflex). Most reflexes are polysynaptical (involving more than two neurons) and involve the activity of interneurons in the integration center. In these more complicated reflexes, impulses may travel up, down, and transver ...
Nogo Receptor mRNA Expression in Intact and Regenerating CNS
... When introduced into the CSF of adult rats after spinal cord injury, IN-1 was reported to induce a subpopulation of corticospinal neurons to regenerate their axons around the injury site (Schnell and Schwab, 1990) and the rats showed evidence of functional recovery (Z’Graggen et al., 1998). IN-1 tre ...
... When introduced into the CSF of adult rats after spinal cord injury, IN-1 was reported to induce a subpopulation of corticospinal neurons to regenerate their axons around the injury site (Schnell and Schwab, 1990) and the rats showed evidence of functional recovery (Z’Graggen et al., 1998). IN-1 tre ...
A neural basis for a false memory
... Moreover, implanted memory is not an artifact of unintended reward or punishment because NBstm as used in our studies is motivationally neutral (Miasnikov, Chen, Gross, Poytress, & Weinberger, 2008a). Rather, the nucleus basalis appears to be ‘‘downstream’’ of motivational systems and may constitute ...
... Moreover, implanted memory is not an artifact of unintended reward or punishment because NBstm as used in our studies is motivationally neutral (Miasnikov, Chen, Gross, Poytress, & Weinberger, 2008a). Rather, the nucleus basalis appears to be ‘‘downstream’’ of motivational systems and may constitute ...
12 - PHSchool.com
... terminology used for the structural divisions of the adult brain is easier to follow when you understand brain development. The earliest phase of brain development is shown in Figure 12.1. Starting in the three-week-old embryo, the ectoderm (cell layer at the dorsal surface) thickens along the dorsa ...
... terminology used for the structural divisions of the adult brain is easier to follow when you understand brain development. The earliest phase of brain development is shown in Figure 12.1. Starting in the three-week-old embryo, the ectoderm (cell layer at the dorsal surface) thickens along the dorsa ...
Neuronal fiber tracts connecting the brain and ventral nerve cord of
... Many aspects of insect behavior entail stereotyped sequences of movement that are controlled by neuronal circuits, called central pattern generators (CPGs; Marder et al., 2005). CPGs are located in the ventral nerve cord (CPGs controlling behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) ...
... Many aspects of insect behavior entail stereotyped sequences of movement that are controlled by neuronal circuits, called central pattern generators (CPGs; Marder et al., 2005). CPGs are located in the ventral nerve cord (CPGs controlling behaviors involving movement of the wings, legs, and abdomen) ...
Brachial Plexus Surgery: Clinical Analysis of Ten Cases
... (4) Medial cord injury presents a similar clinical picture of the patients with a lower brachial plexus injury. There will be paralysis of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, some degree of weakness of the finger flexors and impaired feeling in the small, ring finger and the medial aspect of the fore ...
... (4) Medial cord injury presents a similar clinical picture of the patients with a lower brachial plexus injury. There will be paralysis of the intrinsic muscles of the hand, some degree of weakness of the finger flexors and impaired feeling in the small, ring finger and the medial aspect of the fore ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... empathy and liking, and the neuroscience discoveries of neural mechanisms of imitation and empathy. This convergence creates a solid framework in which theory and empirical data reinforce each other. ...
... empathy and liking, and the neuroscience discoveries of neural mechanisms of imitation and empathy. This convergence creates a solid framework in which theory and empirical data reinforce each other. ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... minimal set of conditions that are fundamental to the survival (and/or appropriate interactions with the environment) of such autonomous systems. REAL WORLD INTERACTIONS It will be shown that within the framework of autonomous control, emotions emerge as natural phenomena in order for autonomous sys ...
... minimal set of conditions that are fundamental to the survival (and/or appropriate interactions with the environment) of such autonomous systems. REAL WORLD INTERACTIONS It will be shown that within the framework of autonomous control, emotions emerge as natural phenomena in order for autonomous sys ...
Responses of primate frontal cortex neurons during natural vocal
... natural vocal production. To address this issue we recorded the activity of single frontal cortex neurons in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) during naturally occurring long-distance vocal exchanges known as antiphonal calling (Fig. 1, A and B). This vocal behavior is ideally suited for neuroph ...
... natural vocal production. To address this issue we recorded the activity of single frontal cortex neurons in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) during naturally occurring long-distance vocal exchanges known as antiphonal calling (Fig. 1, A and B). This vocal behavior is ideally suited for neuroph ...
Nonlinear brain dynamics as macroscopic manifestation of
... functions of organized nervous tissue. … Here is the dilemma. Nerve impulses are transmitted from cell to cell through definite intercellular connections. Yet all behavior seems to be determined by masses of excitation. ... What sort of nervous organization might be capable of responding to a patter ...
... functions of organized nervous tissue. … Here is the dilemma. Nerve impulses are transmitted from cell to cell through definite intercellular connections. Yet all behavior seems to be determined by masses of excitation. ... What sort of nervous organization might be capable of responding to a patter ...
M555 Medical Neuroscience Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral
... form the posterior spinocerebellar tract an important source of input to the cerebellum ...
... form the posterior spinocerebellar tract an important source of input to the cerebellum ...
RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB)
... November 22, 2016– Olfaction or sense of smell, while not critical for life, can greatly influence the quality of life. The olfactory system is capable of detecting and discriminating a wide range of airborne odor molecules in the air; odorants inspired into the nasal cavity contact odorant receptor ...
... November 22, 2016– Olfaction or sense of smell, while not critical for life, can greatly influence the quality of life. The olfactory system is capable of detecting and discriminating a wide range of airborne odor molecules in the air; odorants inspired into the nasal cavity contact odorant receptor ...
NEST: An Environment for Neural Systems Simulations
... scientists increasingly employ theoretical and computational methods in order to assess the dynamical properties of individual and populations of neurons and to come up with testable predictions. Computational neuroscience is, thus, a fast growing research field, dedicated to the investigation of th ...
... scientists increasingly employ theoretical and computational methods in order to assess the dynamical properties of individual and populations of neurons and to come up with testable predictions. Computational neuroscience is, thus, a fast growing research field, dedicated to the investigation of th ...
The Nervous System
... the brain. Because of these connections, reflexes can sometimes be influenced by thoughts and emotions. An example is erection in men, a spinal reflex that can be inhibited by anxiety or distracting thoughts and initiated by erotic thoughts. And some reflexes can be brought under conscious control. ...
... the brain. Because of these connections, reflexes can sometimes be influenced by thoughts and emotions. An example is erection in men, a spinal reflex that can be inhibited by anxiety or distracting thoughts and initiated by erotic thoughts. And some reflexes can be brought under conscious control. ...
Efficient coding and the neural representation of value
... significantly modulated by reward, with neural activity covarying with the value of actions in these stages. For example, in the primate visuo-saccadic system, value-coding activity is observed at both cortical and subcortical levels of processing. Early in the sensorimotor processing pathway, the a ...
... significantly modulated by reward, with neural activity covarying with the value of actions in these stages. For example, in the primate visuo-saccadic system, value-coding activity is observed at both cortical and subcortical levels of processing. Early in the sensorimotor processing pathway, the a ...
learning motor skills by imitation: a biologically inspired robotic model
... movements. The algorithm was trained by comparing the desired motion (as observed during the demonstration) to that achieved through numerous trials by the robot. The model presented in this article intends to bring three new contributions with respect to other models of imitation: First, the model ...
... movements. The algorithm was trained by comparing the desired motion (as observed during the demonstration) to that achieved through numerous trials by the robot. The model presented in this article intends to bring three new contributions with respect to other models of imitation: First, the model ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... empathy and liking, and the neuroscience discoveries of neural mechanisms of imitation and empathy. This convergence creates a solid framework in which theory and empirical data reinforce each other. ...
... empathy and liking, and the neuroscience discoveries of neural mechanisms of imitation and empathy. This convergence creates a solid framework in which theory and empirical data reinforce each other. ...
Bilateral Non-Formation of Upper Trunk of the Brachial Plexus with a
... Although it is unclear why neuronal processes assemble to form a mixed nerve, in this complex developmental event, there are multiple possibilities for the route which is taken by the developing axons and thus, for their arrival at the main trunk. Once formed, any developmental differences would obv ...
... Although it is unclear why neuronal processes assemble to form a mixed nerve, in this complex developmental event, there are multiple possibilities for the route which is taken by the developing axons and thus, for their arrival at the main trunk. Once formed, any developmental differences would obv ...
Radial Medial Head Triceps Branch Transfer to Axillary Nerve by
... com o ramo radial do tríceps medial da cabeça. Somada à transferência ao nervo axilar, cada paciente teve nervo acessório espinhal transferido para o nervo supraescapular, e o fascículo do nervo ulnar transferido para o nervo musculocutâneo. Conclusão A via axilar facilita acesso ao nervo axilar e, ...
... com o ramo radial do tríceps medial da cabeça. Somada à transferência ao nervo axilar, cada paciente teve nervo acessório espinhal transferido para o nervo supraescapular, e o fascículo do nervo ulnar transferido para o nervo musculocutâneo. Conclusão A via axilar facilita acesso ao nervo axilar e, ...
Neuronal cytoskeleton in synaptic plasticity and regeneration
... some of the latest insights into how cytoskeletal remodeling affects neuronal plasticity and discuss how the cytoskeleton is being targeted in an effort to promote plasticity and repair following traumatic injury in the central nervous system. Keywords: actin, axon regeneration, cytoskeleton, microt ...
... some of the latest insights into how cytoskeletal remodeling affects neuronal plasticity and discuss how the cytoskeleton is being targeted in an effort to promote plasticity and repair following traumatic injury in the central nervous system. Keywords: actin, axon regeneration, cytoskeleton, microt ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... empathy and liking, and the neuroscience discoveries of neural mechanisms of imitation and empathy. This convergence creates a solid framework in which theory and empirical data reinforce each other. ...
... empathy and liking, and the neuroscience discoveries of neural mechanisms of imitation and empathy. This convergence creates a solid framework in which theory and empirical data reinforce each other. ...