factors modifying drug action
... immune response which on exposure to light of longer wave lengths (320- 400 nm, UV -A) produces a papular or eczematous contact dermatitis like picture. • Drugs involved are sulfonamides, sulgriseofulvin, ...
... immune response which on exposure to light of longer wave lengths (320- 400 nm, UV -A) produces a papular or eczematous contact dermatitis like picture. • Drugs involved are sulfonamides, sulgriseofulvin, ...
Nursing 715 Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics
... ongoing treatment of cancer pain become very constipated ...
... ongoing treatment of cancer pain become very constipated ...
Notes
... Time taken for plasma concentration of a drug to fall by half or 50%. One is able to predict how plasma concentration alters over time. Enables one to maintain a steady state of a drug for maximum effects and minimum side effects e.g. paracetamol = 2hrs.Half-life is determined by rate of biotransfor ...
... Time taken for plasma concentration of a drug to fall by half or 50%. One is able to predict how plasma concentration alters over time. Enables one to maintain a steady state of a drug for maximum effects and minimum side effects e.g. paracetamol = 2hrs.Half-life is determined by rate of biotransfor ...
Chapter 21
... toxicity – meaning they cause greater harm to the microorganisms than they do the human host. While in small doses, the medicines do carry a therapeutic index, which is the lowest dose toxic to the patient divided by the dose used for therapy. ...
... toxicity – meaning they cause greater harm to the microorganisms than they do the human host. While in small doses, the medicines do carry a therapeutic index, which is the lowest dose toxic to the patient divided by the dose used for therapy. ...
Pharmacology Question December 03
... Is constant for most drugs in clinical settings at therapeutic levels Is very high for lithium Is independent of concentration for phenytoin Is inversely proportional to volume of distribution ...
... Is constant for most drugs in clinical settings at therapeutic levels Is very high for lithium Is independent of concentration for phenytoin Is inversely proportional to volume of distribution ...
factors affecting therapeutic drug monitoring
... 1. Patient demographics • Age, sex and lean body weight are particularly important for renally cleared drugs as knowledge of these allows calculation of creatinine clearance. ...
... 1. Patient demographics • Age, sex and lean body weight are particularly important for renally cleared drugs as knowledge of these allows calculation of creatinine clearance. ...
Depressants - White Ribbon Association
... as well as lowering blood pressure and slowing down breathing and heart rate. ...
... as well as lowering blood pressure and slowing down breathing and heart rate. ...
PATIENT`S NAME: MEDICATION: potassium chloride - McGraw-Hill
... Contact your prescriber if you experience confusion, numbness, tingling, unusual tiredness or weakness, a heavy feeling in the legs, nausea, or vomiting. Don't interchange one potassium product for another. Don’t use potassium-based salt substitutes while taking this drug. The wax matrix form may ap ...
... Contact your prescriber if you experience confusion, numbness, tingling, unusual tiredness or weakness, a heavy feeling in the legs, nausea, or vomiting. Don't interchange one potassium product for another. Don’t use potassium-based salt substitutes while taking this drug. The wax matrix form may ap ...
Regulatory Authority Mission
... “ … the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of action … “ • Bioequivalence: “ … as the absence of a significant difference in the rate ...
... “ … the rate and extent to which the active ingredient or active moiety is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of action … “ • Bioequivalence: “ … as the absence of a significant difference in the rate ...
Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior
... 1. Define psychoactive drugs, and explain the cycle of dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal. 2. Describe the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol. 3. Describe the physiological and psychological effects of stimulants. 4. Describe the physiological and psychological effects of hallucin ...
... 1. Define psychoactive drugs, and explain the cycle of dependence, tolerance, and withdrawal. 2. Describe the physiological and psychological effects of alcohol. 3. Describe the physiological and psychological effects of stimulants. 4. Describe the physiological and psychological effects of hallucin ...
Module 4
... Pernicious anemia is caused by loss of gastric parietal cells, and subsequent inability to absorb vitamin B12. Megaloblastic anemia is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production. ...
... Pernicious anemia is caused by loss of gastric parietal cells, and subsequent inability to absorb vitamin B12. Megaloblastic anemia is an anemia (of macrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis in red blood cell production. ...
Synthetic Chemistry and Medicine
... • Medicinal chemistry—a definition—the use of synthetic organic chemistry to create molecules that will alter in a useful way some disease process in a living system. -D. Lednicer ...
... • Medicinal chemistry—a definition—the use of synthetic organic chemistry to create molecules that will alter in a useful way some disease process in a living system. -D. Lednicer ...
Phenytoin
... • Drugs that need to be given on an empty stomach • Drugs which are given in liquid form particularly when multiple drugs or high volumes are given this way • Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index ...
... • Drugs that need to be given on an empty stomach • Drugs which are given in liquid form particularly when multiple drugs or high volumes are given this way • Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index ...
PHARMACOLOGY Pharmacology is an experimental science
... harmful and might be prevented by decreasing the dosage of a drug. They have a tendency to disappear when a patient gets used to the medication. They include a loss of appetite, weight loss or weight gain, nausea, rash, vomiting, etc. Toxic effects (toxicity) are poisonous and potentially harmful ef ...
... harmful and might be prevented by decreasing the dosage of a drug. They have a tendency to disappear when a patient gets used to the medication. They include a loss of appetite, weight loss or weight gain, nausea, rash, vomiting, etc. Toxic effects (toxicity) are poisonous and potentially harmful ef ...
Personal Health 2002 Chapter 5 Human Sexuality
... The danger is greatest when GHB is mixed with alcohol or opiates. ...
... The danger is greatest when GHB is mixed with alcohol or opiates. ...
Prescription_Drugs_Information_Fact_Sheet
... prescribed to treat pain and include chemicals like morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone. Amphetamines are also sold as stimulant prescription drugs, primarily to treat deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. There are also over-the-counter drugs that are abused or misused. For examp ...
... prescribed to treat pain and include chemicals like morphine, codeine, oxycodone, and hydrocodone. Amphetamines are also sold as stimulant prescription drugs, primarily to treat deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. There are also over-the-counter drugs that are abused or misused. For examp ...
zero order kinetics.
... • Does not depend on lipid solubility or plasma protein binding. • In the nephron, separate pumps are present for acidic and basic drugs. • Drugs utilizing the same transporter may show drug interactions e.g. Probenecid decreases the excretion of penicillin and increases the excretion of uric acid. ...
... • Does not depend on lipid solubility or plasma protein binding. • In the nephron, separate pumps are present for acidic and basic drugs. • Drugs utilizing the same transporter may show drug interactions e.g. Probenecid decreases the excretion of penicillin and increases the excretion of uric acid. ...
QA34_6_PregnancyPrescribing
... It is important to remember that some of these parameters will quickly revert back to their prepregnancy levels and that dose adjustments may be required soon after delivery. For example the changes in drug metabolism that require lamotrigine doses to be significantly increased during pregnancy rapi ...
... It is important to remember that some of these parameters will quickly revert back to their prepregnancy levels and that dose adjustments may be required soon after delivery. For example the changes in drug metabolism that require lamotrigine doses to be significantly increased during pregnancy rapi ...
Pharmacology introduction
... Essential medicines, as defined by the WHO are "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford." ...
... Essential medicines, as defined by the WHO are "those drugs that satisfy the health care needs of the majority of the population; they should therefore be available at all times in adequate amounts and in appropriate dosage forms, at a price the community can afford." ...
Pharmacokinetic processes: liberation
... Pharmacokinetic processes: liberation Drug delivery systems Drug delivery systems (also called dosage forms) are necessary to enable the effective, safe and reliable use of medicinal drugs. Most drugs are formulated into tablets or other forms of medicine. A formulation is a mixture, made to a speci ...
... Pharmacokinetic processes: liberation Drug delivery systems Drug delivery systems (also called dosage forms) are necessary to enable the effective, safe and reliable use of medicinal drugs. Most drugs are formulated into tablets or other forms of medicine. A formulation is a mixture, made to a speci ...
pharmacokinetics-25
... • Elimination half time: The time necessary for the plasma concentration to fall 50% during the elimination phase (beta phase) • Context-sensitive half time: Measures half time after an infusion is stopped. • Elimination half-life: the time needed eliminate 50% of the drug from the body. • Effect-si ...
... • Elimination half time: The time necessary for the plasma concentration to fall 50% during the elimination phase (beta phase) • Context-sensitive half time: Measures half time after an infusion is stopped. • Elimination half-life: the time needed eliminate 50% of the drug from the body. • Effect-si ...
PHARMACOLOGY IN PSYCHIATRIC CARE
... • “Positive” symptoms of schizophrenia (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought processes, paranoia) • “Negative” symptoms of schizophrenia (withdrawal, lack of initiative, failure to maintain hygiene) ...
... • “Positive” symptoms of schizophrenia (hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought processes, paranoia) • “Negative” symptoms of schizophrenia (withdrawal, lack of initiative, failure to maintain hygiene) ...
A PRIMER OF DRUG ACTION
... • Can cause upset stomach and vomiting • Hard to predict how much will be absorbed ...
... • Can cause upset stomach and vomiting • Hard to predict how much will be absorbed ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.