Drug - respiratorytherapyfiles.net
... • When a drug is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA—the government agency responsible for ensuring that drugs marketed in the United States are safe and effective), it is given a generic (official) name and a trade (proprietary or brand) name. The trade name is developed by the compan ...
... • When a drug is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA—the government agency responsible for ensuring that drugs marketed in the United States are safe and effective), it is given a generic (official) name and a trade (proprietary or brand) name. The trade name is developed by the compan ...
Introduction to Pharmacology NAPNES Guidelines
... Albumin = most common blood protein, carries protein-bound drug molecules “bound” portion of drug = pharmacologically ...
... Albumin = most common blood protein, carries protein-bound drug molecules “bound” portion of drug = pharmacologically ...
Ch. 6-Basic Pharmacology - NAC / CNA Certification Spokane
... – When a drug is absorbed & distributed, the desired action (expected response) usually occurs • All drugs can affect more than one body system, therefore potentially causing side effects and adverse drug reactions – Side Effects: » Unintended reactions to a drug given in a normal dose – Drug Reacti ...
... – When a drug is absorbed & distributed, the desired action (expected response) usually occurs • All drugs can affect more than one body system, therefore potentially causing side effects and adverse drug reactions – Side Effects: » Unintended reactions to a drug given in a normal dose – Drug Reacti ...
Drug Interactions
... The renal excretion of active drug can also be affected by concurrent drug therapy. The renal excretion of certain drugs that are weak acids or weak bases may be influenced by other drugs that affect urinary pH. This is due to changes in ionization of the drug, under Ionization of Weak Acids and ...
... The renal excretion of active drug can also be affected by concurrent drug therapy. The renal excretion of certain drugs that are weak acids or weak bases may be influenced by other drugs that affect urinary pH. This is due to changes in ionization of the drug, under Ionization of Weak Acids and ...
GENERAL PHARMACOLOGY (absorption)
... No complete absorption - Destruction by pH and enzymes - GIT irritation - Food - Drug interactions -Drug-Drug interactions - First pass effect - (low bioavailability). ...
... No complete absorption - Destruction by pH and enzymes - GIT irritation - Food - Drug interactions -Drug-Drug interactions - First pass effect - (low bioavailability). ...
A. Introduction to drug discovery
... The synthesis of drugs. The isolation of natural products. Establishing the structure activity relationships of the compounds. Studying the drug-target interaction. The pharmacokinetic profile of drugs ...
... The synthesis of drugs. The isolation of natural products. Establishing the structure activity relationships of the compounds. Studying the drug-target interaction. The pharmacokinetic profile of drugs ...
Using Drugs to Promote Health
... Regardless of whether the medicine you are taking is a prescription or an over the counter drug, you should read all of the warnings and dosage information to ensure that you do not have any unwanted side effects. ...
... Regardless of whether the medicine you are taking is a prescription or an over the counter drug, you should read all of the warnings and dosage information to ensure that you do not have any unwanted side effects. ...
Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs: Clozapine, olanzapine
... Clozapine is the prototype. Risperidone is rapidly converted to 9- ...
... Clozapine is the prototype. Risperidone is rapidly converted to 9- ...
Slide 1
... Orban DD et al (2005) Evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect and antioxidant activity of three Viscum album subspecies (European mistletoe) in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 98(1-2):95-102. Sabová L et al (2009) Cytotoxic effect of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) extract on Jurkat cells ...
... Orban DD et al (2005) Evaluation of the hypoglycemic effect and antioxidant activity of three Viscum album subspecies (European mistletoe) in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 98(1-2):95-102. Sabová L et al (2009) Cytotoxic effect of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) extract on Jurkat cells ...
Drug Handling in kidney and liver disease 2005
... • The interval between doses may be >24 hours in the presence of renal failure and in the elderly • Toxicity relates to trough concentrations, particularly with prolonged therapy • Toxicity mainly affects the kidney and 8th ...
... • The interval between doses may be >24 hours in the presence of renal failure and in the elderly • Toxicity relates to trough concentrations, particularly with prolonged therapy • Toxicity mainly affects the kidney and 8th ...
Principles of Geriatric Drug Therapy
... interactions? Are there clinically significant drug-disease interactions? Is there unnecessary duplication? Is the duration of therapy acceptable? Is this drug the least expensive alternative? ...
... interactions? Are there clinically significant drug-disease interactions? Is there unnecessary duplication? Is the duration of therapy acceptable? Is this drug the least expensive alternative? ...
Biological therapies of schizophrenia
... However the appropriateness of drug treatment is debatable. While it may be a more humane approach than ECT or restraints that were used in the past and they are relatively cheap (they are free at point of delivery in the UK) and can allow schizophrenics to live a relatively normal life, it is quest ...
... However the appropriateness of drug treatment is debatable. While it may be a more humane approach than ECT or restraints that were used in the past and they are relatively cheap (they are free at point of delivery in the UK) and can allow schizophrenics to live a relatively normal life, it is quest ...
Anticholinergic Drugs - IHMC Public Cmaps (3)
... significantly decrease intestinal motility and secretions. Their parasympatholytic effects decrease segmental and propulsive intestinal smooth muscle contractions and relax spasms of smooth muscle. Although they do not alter the course of the disease, anticholinergic drugs decrease the urgency assoc ...
... significantly decrease intestinal motility and secretions. Their parasympatholytic effects decrease segmental and propulsive intestinal smooth muscle contractions and relax spasms of smooth muscle. Although they do not alter the course of the disease, anticholinergic drugs decrease the urgency assoc ...
Drug Interactions
... Co-administration of a potent inducer may result in decline in serum levels below that required for therapeutic effect. Carbamazepine induces metabolism of many antidepressants ...
... Co-administration of a potent inducer may result in decline in serum levels below that required for therapeutic effect. Carbamazepine induces metabolism of many antidepressants ...
Phenytoin
... • Drugs that need to be given on an empty stomach • Drugs which are given in liquid form particularly when multiple drugs or high volumes are given this way • Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index ...
... • Drugs that need to be given on an empty stomach • Drugs which are given in liquid form particularly when multiple drugs or high volumes are given this way • Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index ...
PHARMACOKINETICS: Elimination (p.1) Concept of (plasma) “half
... Concept of (plasma) “half-life” A time measurement, which starts when the drug reaches equilibrium (“equilibrium” = “fully absorbed” = when equal amounts of drug are in circulation and at point of administration) ½ life = how much time it takes for blood levels of drug to decrease to half of what it ...
... Concept of (plasma) “half-life” A time measurement, which starts when the drug reaches equilibrium (“equilibrium” = “fully absorbed” = when equal amounts of drug are in circulation and at point of administration) ½ life = how much time it takes for blood levels of drug to decrease to half of what it ...
Prescription Drugs More Likely to Kill You than Recreational Drugs
... more than 7 million per year. Yet despite having about half the prescription rate, Chantix has received more than two-and-a-half times more adverse reaction reports than oxycodone. And when you consider the fact that these numbers are based on a monitoring system that relies on voluntary reports fro ...
... more than 7 million per year. Yet despite having about half the prescription rate, Chantix has received more than two-and-a-half times more adverse reaction reports than oxycodone. And when you consider the fact that these numbers are based on a monitoring system that relies on voluntary reports fro ...
Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion
... • Mutations allowing de-toxification of natural toxic materials are advantageous and are selected • Drugs are caught up in these established de-toxification processes • Drugs may converted to less toxic/effective materials more toxic/effective materials materials with different type of effect or tox ...
... • Mutations allowing de-toxification of natural toxic materials are advantageous and are selected • Drugs are caught up in these established de-toxification processes • Drugs may converted to less toxic/effective materials more toxic/effective materials materials with different type of effect or tox ...
dairy “moos”letter - Medford Veterinary Clinic
... in Colby for cows and horses. This is especially useful in down cows with suspected milk fever. Be sure to pull a blood sample BEFORE you treat her and we can run it if the cow doesn’t respond. Keep the blood sample refrigerated. We can then check calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels to ensure ...
... in Colby for cows and horses. This is especially useful in down cows with suspected milk fever. Be sure to pull a blood sample BEFORE you treat her and we can run it if the cow doesn’t respond. Keep the blood sample refrigerated. We can then check calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels to ensure ...
Remediation Pharmacology Unit Exam Name: Score:____/75 Which
... 25. A drug with cholinergic effects would NOT result in which of the following? a. Decreased heart rate b. Salivation c. Secretion of mucus d. Increased heart rate 26. Which of the following definitions describe an antagonist? A. A chemical or drug that binds to a receptor and creates an effect on t ...
... 25. A drug with cholinergic effects would NOT result in which of the following? a. Decreased heart rate b. Salivation c. Secretion of mucus d. Increased heart rate 26. Which of the following definitions describe an antagonist? A. A chemical or drug that binds to a receptor and creates an effect on t ...
Toxicity
... Chemical forms that produce toxicity The parent drug is often the cause of toxic effects However, toxic effects may result from metabolites: For example: paracetamol Most common cause of death following self-poisoning in UK ...
... Chemical forms that produce toxicity The parent drug is often the cause of toxic effects However, toxic effects may result from metabolites: For example: paracetamol Most common cause of death following self-poisoning in UK ...
General Medication Test
... 2. In what disease is the administration of acetaminophen (Tylenol) contraindicated? A. Active peptic ulcer B. Asthma C. Deep vien thrombosis D. Active Hepatitis C 3. Symptoms of digitalis toxicity include: A. Abdominal pain, constipation, anorexia B. N/V, visual disturbances C. Tachypnea, hematuria ...
... 2. In what disease is the administration of acetaminophen (Tylenol) contraindicated? A. Active peptic ulcer B. Asthma C. Deep vien thrombosis D. Active Hepatitis C 3. Symptoms of digitalis toxicity include: A. Abdominal pain, constipation, anorexia B. N/V, visual disturbances C. Tachypnea, hematuria ...
FACTORS MODIFYING DRUG EFFECTS
... Drug elimination is less efficient in new born babies , and in old people so that drug produces greater and more prolonged effects at extremes of age .especially drugs which are excreted through kidneys as there is decrease in G.F.R ...
... Drug elimination is less efficient in new born babies , and in old people so that drug produces greater and more prolonged effects at extremes of age .especially drugs which are excreted through kidneys as there is decrease in G.F.R ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.