Managing Hyperkalemia Caused by Inhibitors of the Renin
... Downloaded from www.nejm.org on July 10, 2009 . Copyright © 2004 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. ...
... Downloaded from www.nejm.org on July 10, 2009 . Copyright © 2004 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. ...
REDUCING OF ERROR IN THE MEDICATION PROCESS OF A PRIVATE... NORTHEAST OF THAILAND Original Article
... The ME may cause patient harm or deaths especially for high alert drugs or narrow therapeutic index drugs [3, 4]. James reports the ME associated with preventable harm in 2008-2011, about 400,000 Americans die each year. In addition, serious harm seems to be 10to 20-fold more common than lethal harm ...
... The ME may cause patient harm or deaths especially for high alert drugs or narrow therapeutic index drugs [3, 4]. James reports the ME associated with preventable harm in 2008-2011, about 400,000 Americans die each year. In addition, serious harm seems to be 10to 20-fold more common than lethal harm ...
Baytril - BayerDVM
... of the oral formulation are linear (plasma concentrations increase proportionally with dose) when enrofloxacin is administered at up to 11.5 mg/kg, twice daily.2 Approximately 80% of the orally administered dose enters the systemic circulation unchanged. The eliminating organs, based on the drug’s b ...
... of the oral formulation are linear (plasma concentrations increase proportionally with dose) when enrofloxacin is administered at up to 11.5 mg/kg, twice daily.2 Approximately 80% of the orally administered dose enters the systemic circulation unchanged. The eliminating organs, based on the drug’s b ...
DRUG CALCULATIONS
... Part 2 – Intravenous Drugs Drip Rate Infusion Calculations It is important that calculation of the rate of i.v. administration is accurate. For some drugs there are specific monograms and calculation aids available. However, it is useful to be able to perform these calculations from first principles ...
... Part 2 – Intravenous Drugs Drip Rate Infusion Calculations It is important that calculation of the rate of i.v. administration is accurate. For some drugs there are specific monograms and calculation aids available. However, it is useful to be able to perform these calculations from first principles ...
What is the preferred triptan for the treatment of migraine in breast
... bioavailability in the infant is presumed to be the same as in adults (i.e. 14%) the weight adjusted infant dose decreases to 0.49%. If reduced drug clearance is taken into account for a premature infant, exposure could vary from 4.9% for a very premature baby to 0.7% in a 30 week old infant. The au ...
... bioavailability in the infant is presumed to be the same as in adults (i.e. 14%) the weight adjusted infant dose decreases to 0.49%. If reduced drug clearance is taken into account for a premature infant, exposure could vary from 4.9% for a very premature baby to 0.7% in a 30 week old infant. The au ...
A treasure of medicinal herb - Anacyclus pyrethrum A review
... Pellitory, or Spanish chamomile (Anacyclus pyrethrum), is a widely distributed plant known in different countries under different names (John Uri Lioyd, 1911). According to Pliny it was the herb used by the Magians under the name parthenium against intermittent fevers, and according to Dioscorides i ...
... Pellitory, or Spanish chamomile (Anacyclus pyrethrum), is a widely distributed plant known in different countries under different names (John Uri Lioyd, 1911). According to Pliny it was the herb used by the Magians under the name parthenium against intermittent fevers, and according to Dioscorides i ...
drug dosage and therapy
... performed in caring for sick and injured patients. The appropriate drug given in the correct dosage will very often hasten a patient's recovery. On the other hand, an inappropriate drug or dosage may worsen a patient's condition or even result in his death. The enlisted person charged with the admin ...
... performed in caring for sick and injured patients. The appropriate drug given in the correct dosage will very often hasten a patient's recovery. On the other hand, an inappropriate drug or dosage may worsen a patient's condition or even result in his death. The enlisted person charged with the admin ...
Author`s personal copy
... pressure decreases for decreasing solubility and in consequence the release rate is slowed down. Hence, single compartment pumps depend on the physical properties of the drug. This is a major limitation if the systems are planned to be used with different drugs. However, there are several strategies ...
... pressure decreases for decreasing solubility and in consequence the release rate is slowed down. Hence, single compartment pumps depend on the physical properties of the drug. This is a major limitation if the systems are planned to be used with different drugs. However, there are several strategies ...
Reassessing Bioavailability of Silymarin
... and cardioprotective. Although clinical trials have shown silymarin is safe at high doses (>1500 mg/day) in humans, the pharmacokinetic studies over the past three decades related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of silymarin have revealed poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and ...
... and cardioprotective. Although clinical trials have shown silymarin is safe at high doses (>1500 mg/day) in humans, the pharmacokinetic studies over the past three decades related to absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of silymarin have revealed poor absorption, rapid metabolism, and ...
indiv_drugs_f11
... was forced to interrupt my work in the laboratory in the middle of the afternoon and proceed home, being affected by a remarkable restlessness, combined with a slight dizziness. At home I lay down and sank into a not unpleasant intoxicated-like ...
... was forced to interrupt my work in the laboratory in the middle of the afternoon and proceed home, being affected by a remarkable restlessness, combined with a slight dizziness. At home I lay down and sank into a not unpleasant intoxicated-like ...
Blood Drugs
... - Therefore, it is important to frequently monitor and adjust the anticoagulant effect ...
... - Therefore, it is important to frequently monitor and adjust the anticoagulant effect ...
relpax® utilization management criteria
... 1. Do not use with ergotamine-containing or ergot-type products or MAO-A inhibitors. 2. Do not use with patients with ischemic heart disease or uncontrolled blood pressure. 3. Do not use as a prophylactic agent. 4. Give only where diagnosis of migraine is clearly established. 5. Contraindications to ...
... 1. Do not use with ergotamine-containing or ergot-type products or MAO-A inhibitors. 2. Do not use with patients with ischemic heart disease or uncontrolled blood pressure. 3. Do not use as a prophylactic agent. 4. Give only where diagnosis of migraine is clearly established. 5. Contraindications to ...
Warfarin – INR – Antibiotic Interactions
... Warfarin is particularly susceptible to many mechanisms of drug interactions due to its pharmacokinetic features: it is well absorbed, 99% protein-bound, and metabolized via CYP450 enzymes. S-warfarin, which is metabolized by CYP2C9, is 2-5 times more active than the R-enantiomer, which is metaboliz ...
... Warfarin is particularly susceptible to many mechanisms of drug interactions due to its pharmacokinetic features: it is well absorbed, 99% protein-bound, and metabolized via CYP450 enzymes. S-warfarin, which is metabolized by CYP2C9, is 2-5 times more active than the R-enantiomer, which is metaboliz ...
Antidepressant drug overdoses in dogs
... In one study, dogs given 10 to 20 mg/kg sertraline orally developed mydriasis and became transiently anorectic; at 30 to 50 mg/kg dogs developed increased salivation and muscle tremors.9 At 50 mg/kg orally of sertraline no marked effects on blood pressure or heart rate or on the electrocardiogram (E ...
... In one study, dogs given 10 to 20 mg/kg sertraline orally developed mydriasis and became transiently anorectic; at 30 to 50 mg/kg dogs developed increased salivation and muscle tremors.9 At 50 mg/kg orally of sertraline no marked effects on blood pressure or heart rate or on the electrocardiogram (E ...
PHAR 7633 Chapter 5 Analysis of Urine Data
... be able to use fe, the fraction excreted, to calculate overall elimination rate constants in patients with impaired renal function So far we have looked at most of the information we can get from plasma data following a rapid intravenous dose of a drug using a one compartment model. There is another ...
... be able to use fe, the fraction excreted, to calculate overall elimination rate constants in patients with impaired renal function So far we have looked at most of the information we can get from plasma data following a rapid intravenous dose of a drug using a one compartment model. There is another ...
Content and Format of an Investigational New Drug (IND) Application
... the investigational drug has been obtained, and are intended to gather the additional information about effectiveness and safety that is needed to evaluate the overall benefit-to-risk relationship of the drug and to provide an adequate basis for product labeling. Phase 3 studies usually include fro ...
... the investigational drug has been obtained, and are intended to gather the additional information about effectiveness and safety that is needed to evaluate the overall benefit-to-risk relationship of the drug and to provide an adequate basis for product labeling. Phase 3 studies usually include fro ...
HYPOGLYCEMIC AND ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF
... antineoplastic, cardio-inhibitory, hypertensive and sedative effects and used as a folk remedy against amoebiasis, headache jaundice and leprosy. It contains mannite, tannic acid, mucilage, gallic acid and naphtaquinone on the other hand; its alcoholic extracts possess antibacterial activity against ...
... antineoplastic, cardio-inhibitory, hypertensive and sedative effects and used as a folk remedy against amoebiasis, headache jaundice and leprosy. It contains mannite, tannic acid, mucilage, gallic acid and naphtaquinone on the other hand; its alcoholic extracts possess antibacterial activity against ...
A stability indicating RP-HPLC method for the determination of
... A simple isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of amitriptyline HCl in pure and dosage forms. A Waters HPLC equipped with Alliance 2695 separation module and 2487 dual wavelength UV-Visible detector and Symmetry C18 (4.6x150mm, 3.5 µm, Make: XBridge) HPLC column thermostated a ...
... A simple isocratic RP-HPLC method was developed for the determination of amitriptyline HCl in pure and dosage forms. A Waters HPLC equipped with Alliance 2695 separation module and 2487 dual wavelength UV-Visible detector and Symmetry C18 (4.6x150mm, 3.5 µm, Make: XBridge) HPLC column thermostated a ...
Another Mix-up between Choral Hydrate and
... The chronology of the events in this case is of interest because it illustrates deficiencies in the medication system across the continuum of care, beginning with a “picking error” at the drug distribution warehouse, which was not detected when the medication was received at the community pharmacy. T ...
... The chronology of the events in this case is of interest because it illustrates deficiencies in the medication system across the continuum of care, beginning with a “picking error” at the drug distribution warehouse, which was not detected when the medication was received at the community pharmacy. T ...
Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
... ¾ Benzodiazepines have sedative, hypnotic, anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. ¾ They are the most widely used anxiolytic drugs used to treat anxiety, insomnia ,and a range of other conditions. ¾ Benzodiazepines have largely replaced barbiturates and meprobamate in the trea ...
... ¾ Benzodiazepines have sedative, hypnotic, anti-anxiety, anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. ¾ They are the most widely used anxiolytic drugs used to treat anxiety, insomnia ,and a range of other conditions. ¾ Benzodiazepines have largely replaced barbiturates and meprobamate in the trea ...
Water Soluble Polymers for Pharmaceutical Applications
... PEG-drug conjugates are being studied for a variety of molecules and drugs including insulin, daunorubicin camptothecin, peptides and lipids. The main advantages of PEG-drug conjugates are reduced protein immunogenicity, increased residence time in the body, reduced enzymatic degradation. All these ...
... PEG-drug conjugates are being studied for a variety of molecules and drugs including insulin, daunorubicin camptothecin, peptides and lipids. The main advantages of PEG-drug conjugates are reduced protein immunogenicity, increased residence time in the body, reduced enzymatic degradation. All these ...
the concept of the therapeutic window in the choice of h1
... which is licensed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria, is an H1 antihistamine with a very broad therapeutic window. It is clinically effective in a total daily dose as low as 40 mg,1,2 which is one third of the clinically recommended dose. Moreover, it is free from adverse CNS effec ...
... which is licensed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and urticaria, is an H1 antihistamine with a very broad therapeutic window. It is clinically effective in a total daily dose as low as 40 mg,1,2 which is one third of the clinically recommended dose. Moreover, it is free from adverse CNS effec ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (JDMS)
... 1. Articaine has a faster onset of action[3] 2. Articaine has a longer duration of action[3] 3. Articaine has a higher success rate[3, 9] 4. Articaine has a greater potency (1.5 times more potent)[3, 8, 9] 5. Systemic intoxication of Articaine is lower[4, 6] 6. Articaine is a very safe drug[4] The f ...
... 1. Articaine has a faster onset of action[3] 2. Articaine has a longer duration of action[3] 3. Articaine has a higher success rate[3, 9] 4. Articaine has a greater potency (1.5 times more potent)[3, 8, 9] 5. Systemic intoxication of Articaine is lower[4, 6] 6. Articaine is a very safe drug[4] The f ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.