Lecture 4, 5- drugs used in bronchial asthma & COPD
... Act by blocking muscarinic receptors. Given by aerosol inhalation Quaternary derivatives of atropine Does not diffuse into the blood Do not enter CNS, minimal systemic side effects. Delayed onset of action Ipratropium has short duration of action 3-5 hr Tiotropium has longer duration ...
... Act by blocking muscarinic receptors. Given by aerosol inhalation Quaternary derivatives of atropine Does not diffuse into the blood Do not enter CNS, minimal systemic side effects. Delayed onset of action Ipratropium has short duration of action 3-5 hr Tiotropium has longer duration ...
Pharmaceutical and Medical Pharmaceutical and Medical
... are the official compendia of standards for drugs, excipients, dietary supplements, and other therapeutic products for the United States and several other countries. The USP 33 – NF 28 features more than 4200 monographs in a new uniform design, cross-references, and updated and concise language, maki ...
... are the official compendia of standards for drugs, excipients, dietary supplements, and other therapeutic products for the United States and several other countries. The USP 33 – NF 28 features more than 4200 monographs in a new uniform design, cross-references, and updated and concise language, maki ...
Poster presentation
... sheets. These are gift items that are used by corporate bodies for publicising either their products or their organisations. The dosing schedules corresponding to different age groups were printed on plastic boxes placed on the physicians' tables after the educational encounter and the prescribers w ...
... sheets. These are gift items that are used by corporate bodies for publicising either their products or their organisations. The dosing schedules corresponding to different age groups were printed on plastic boxes placed on the physicians' tables after the educational encounter and the prescribers w ...
ABM Clinical Protocol #9: Use of Galactogogues in Initiating or
... after several weeks. Galactogogues have also been used for adoptive breastfeeding (induction of lactation in a woman who was not pregnant with the current child) and relactation (reestablishing milk secretion after weaning). ...
... after several weeks. Galactogogues have also been used for adoptive breastfeeding (induction of lactation in a woman who was not pregnant with the current child) and relactation (reestablishing milk secretion after weaning). ...
Conclusion - Computing Services
... acted as agonists and 3 and 4 as antagonists of IL-2 production, respectively (effects of >25% of maximal response). None of the compounds had any effect on a quinolone-specific TCR. A comparative analysis of the activity patterns suggests that sulfanilamides interact primarily with their TCR. Concl ...
... acted as agonists and 3 and 4 as antagonists of IL-2 production, respectively (effects of >25% of maximal response). None of the compounds had any effect on a quinolone-specific TCR. A comparative analysis of the activity patterns suggests that sulfanilamides interact primarily with their TCR. Concl ...
ANS - Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics
... Synthesis and Metabolism of ACh Acetylcholine is synthesized in cholinergic nerve endings from the amino alcohol - choline, and the carboxylic acid - acetic acid, both common in tissues. The enzyme choline acetylase forms the ester, acetylcholine. Synthesized acetylcholine is taken into and stored i ...
... Synthesis and Metabolism of ACh Acetylcholine is synthesized in cholinergic nerve endings from the amino alcohol - choline, and the carboxylic acid - acetic acid, both common in tissues. The enzyme choline acetylase forms the ester, acetylcholine. Synthesized acetylcholine is taken into and stored i ...
Product Information: Elvitegravir
... Cmax, AUCtau, and Ctrough (mean ± SD) following multiple doses of boosted VITEKTA in HIV-1 infected patients, respectively, were 1.4 ± 0.39 μg/mL, 18 ± 6.8 μg•hr/mL, and 0.38 ± 0.22 μg/mL for elvitegravir, with an inhibitory quotient of ~ 8.5 (ratio of Ctrough: protein bindingadjusted IC95 for wild- ...
... Cmax, AUCtau, and Ctrough (mean ± SD) following multiple doses of boosted VITEKTA in HIV-1 infected patients, respectively, were 1.4 ± 0.39 μg/mL, 18 ± 6.8 μg•hr/mL, and 0.38 ± 0.22 μg/mL for elvitegravir, with an inhibitory quotient of ~ 8.5 (ratio of Ctrough: protein bindingadjusted IC95 for wild- ...
Comparative pharmacognosy of Pashanbhed
... coronary vasodilatory effects accompanied by gradual decrease in heart rate.[27,28] Saponins are also known to have several physiologic activities, depending on their chemical structures, such as hemolytic properties, alteration of membrane permeability, particularly the modulation of renal sodium e ...
... coronary vasodilatory effects accompanied by gradual decrease in heart rate.[27,28] Saponins are also known to have several physiologic activities, depending on their chemical structures, such as hemolytic properties, alteration of membrane permeability, particularly the modulation of renal sodium e ...
SERIES ‘‘RATIONAL USE OF ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS’’ Number 3 in this Series
... tuberculosis (TB) control [1]. It is generally accepted that the development of drug resistance and multidrug-resistant (MDR)TB is caused by inadequate treatment, i.e. regimens with an inadequate number of drugs to which the bacilli are susceptible, an inadequate dose or dosing frequency, an inadequ ...
... tuberculosis (TB) control [1]. It is generally accepted that the development of drug resistance and multidrug-resistant (MDR)TB is caused by inadequate treatment, i.e. regimens with an inadequate number of drugs to which the bacilli are susceptible, an inadequate dose or dosing frequency, an inadequ ...
Weight Gain - Obesity Action Coalition
... do, don’t stop taking the medication without speaking with a healthcare professional first. In most cases, a healthcare professional will be able to switch you to another medication that helps your condition but does not cause weight gain and, in some cases, the medication may even help you lose a f ...
... do, don’t stop taking the medication without speaking with a healthcare professional first. In most cases, a healthcare professional will be able to switch you to another medication that helps your condition but does not cause weight gain and, in some cases, the medication may even help you lose a f ...
LESSON 4.4 WORKBOOK Can caffeine treat narcolepsy?
... those of us who consume caffeine regularly do not experience the same stimulating effects as nonusers, and why those of us who regularly use caffeine need more of the it to get the same effects. Withdrawal is what happens if we try to stop using a drug we’ve become dependent on. People who suddenly ...
... those of us who consume caffeine regularly do not experience the same stimulating effects as nonusers, and why those of us who regularly use caffeine need more of the it to get the same effects. Withdrawal is what happens if we try to stop using a drug we’ve become dependent on. People who suddenly ...
New drugs and new regimens for the treatment of tuberculosis
... inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) characterized by a worsening clinical picture or the appearance of new TB lesions [19,22,23]. Drug interactions arise because rifampin is a potent inducer of the hepatic cytochrome CYP450 enzyme system that reduces the plasma concentration of coadministered drugs metabo ...
... inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) characterized by a worsening clinical picture or the appearance of new TB lesions [19,22,23]. Drug interactions arise because rifampin is a potent inducer of the hepatic cytochrome CYP450 enzyme system that reduces the plasma concentration of coadministered drugs metabo ...
Introduction to Opiates
... Q. How many deaths occur annually in the United States from heroin overoses? A. 500,000 to 750,000 Q. What is the estimated number of heroin addicts in the United States A. These locations serve as gathering places for ...
... Q. How many deaths occur annually in the United States from heroin overoses? A. 500,000 to 750,000 Q. What is the estimated number of heroin addicts in the United States A. These locations serve as gathering places for ...
MICRONEEDLES: AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO TRANSDERMAL DELIVERY- A REVIEW Review Article
... Drug delivery via transdermal route across the skin provides the most convenient route for various clinical implications deep into the systemic circulation [1]. Therapeutic transdermal systems have been developed for controlled drug delivery [2]. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) represents a ...
... Drug delivery via transdermal route across the skin provides the most convenient route for various clinical implications deep into the systemic circulation [1]. Therapeutic transdermal systems have been developed for controlled drug delivery [2]. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) represents a ...
Log P
... D) Potential extrapolation: conclusions reached may be extended to chemical substituent's not included in the original analysis. ...
... D) Potential extrapolation: conclusions reached may be extended to chemical substituent's not included in the original analysis. ...
On-site testing of saliva and sweat with Drugwipe and determination
... detected in the saliva of all five heroin users by GC/MS. Previous studies also showed that substantial saliva concentrations of opiates were obtained after recent smoking or sniffing of heroin [8, 33]. Only the two subjects with the highest concentrations of analytes in saliva tested clearly positi ...
... detected in the saliva of all five heroin users by GC/MS. Previous studies also showed that substantial saliva concentrations of opiates were obtained after recent smoking or sniffing of heroin [8, 33]. Only the two subjects with the highest concentrations of analytes in saliva tested clearly positi ...
Pobierz plik
... drugs in body fluids, drug monitoring should be performed for the effective medication control. Therapeutic drug monitoring gives additional information for more sensible use of psychiatric drugs. Monitoring of psychotropic drugsí concentration is useful to raise their efficacy when there are proble ...
... drugs in body fluids, drug monitoring should be performed for the effective medication control. Therapeutic drug monitoring gives additional information for more sensible use of psychiatric drugs. Monitoring of psychotropic drugsí concentration is useful to raise their efficacy when there are proble ...
FuroVenir
... infusion may have adverse effects.Like other diuretics, the prolonged administration of this medicament may increase the elimination of sodium (hyponatremia), chlorine (hypochloremic alkalosis) and of water as a result of this. It may also heighten the loss of potassium (hypopotassemia), calcium, an ...
... infusion may have adverse effects.Like other diuretics, the prolonged administration of this medicament may increase the elimination of sodium (hyponatremia), chlorine (hypochloremic alkalosis) and of water as a result of this. It may also heighten the loss of potassium (hypopotassemia), calcium, an ...
Diuretic agents Diuretic A "diuretic" is an agent that increases urine
... diuretics are among the most efficacious diuretic agents available. Mechanism of action . These drugs inhibit the luminal Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. By inhibiting this transporter, the loop diuretics reduce the reabsorption of NaCl and also diminish the l ...
... diuretics are among the most efficacious diuretic agents available. Mechanism of action . These drugs inhibit the luminal Na+/K+/2Cl- co-transporter in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. By inhibiting this transporter, the loop diuretics reduce the reabsorption of NaCl and also diminish the l ...
Diuretics
... 2) EDEMA (cardiac, liver renal) 3) IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCIURIA • condition characterized by recurrent stone formation in the kidneys due to excess calcium excretion • thiazide diuretics used to prevent calcium loss and protect the kidneys 4) DIABETES INSIPIDUS ...
... 2) EDEMA (cardiac, liver renal) 3) IDIOPATHIC HYPERCALCIURIA • condition characterized by recurrent stone formation in the kidneys due to excess calcium excretion • thiazide diuretics used to prevent calcium loss and protect the kidneys 4) DIABETES INSIPIDUS ...
Psych Ch. 7 Powerpoint
... ii. You can engage a sleep talker in conversations occasionally 6. Sleep Motor Starts a) A sudden, often violent, jerk of the entire body that occurs upon falling asleep 7. Teeth Grinding (Bruxism) a) Grinding teeth during sleep is a very common occurrence and little evidence suggests that teeth gri ...
... ii. You can engage a sleep talker in conversations occasionally 6. Sleep Motor Starts a) A sudden, often violent, jerk of the entire body that occurs upon falling asleep 7. Teeth Grinding (Bruxism) a) Grinding teeth during sleep is a very common occurrence and little evidence suggests that teeth gri ...
Effect of Pregabalin on Pituitary – Gonad Axis and Testis
... drug increases prolactin by reducing the release of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. Prolactin through increasing nitric oxide inhibits the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone which reduces testosterone (16). On the other hand pregabalin drug reduces the release of serotonin in the synaptic cle ...
... drug increases prolactin by reducing the release of dopamine in the synaptic cleft. Prolactin through increasing nitric oxide inhibits the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone which reduces testosterone (16). On the other hand pregabalin drug reduces the release of serotonin in the synaptic cle ...
hydrochlorothiazide
... have been shown to be dose-related. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism: Hydrochlorothiazide is well absorbed (65% to 75%) following oral administration. Absorption of hydrochlorothiazide is reduced in patients with congestive heart failure. Peak plasma concentrations are observed within 1 to 5 hours of ...
... have been shown to be dose-related. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism: Hydrochlorothiazide is well absorbed (65% to 75%) following oral administration. Absorption of hydrochlorothiazide is reduced in patients with congestive heart failure. Peak plasma concentrations are observed within 1 to 5 hours of ...
Healing Is In The Headxe
... placebo is an inactive substance that has no treatment value. The placebo effect is the measurable, observable, or felt improvement in health not attributable to an actual treatment. It seems that it is the result of the patient's expectation of an effect. Placebos have been a fake treatment, an i ...
... placebo is an inactive substance that has no treatment value. The placebo effect is the measurable, observable, or felt improvement in health not attributable to an actual treatment. It seems that it is the result of the patient's expectation of an effect. Placebos have been a fake treatment, an i ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.