stability indicating rp hplc method for the determination of
... A mixture of buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:70v/v was found to be the most suitable mobile phase for ideal separation of candesartan .The solvent mixture was filtered through a 0.45μ membrane filter and sonicated before use. It was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 1.2ml/min. T ...
... A mixture of buffer and acetonitrile in the ratio of 30:70v/v was found to be the most suitable mobile phase for ideal separation of candesartan .The solvent mixture was filtered through a 0.45μ membrane filter and sonicated before use. It was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 1.2ml/min. T ...
OLMETEC® (olmesartan medoxomil)
... apply to patients with ischemic heart or cerebrovascular disease, in whom an excessive fall in blood pressure could result in myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident. If hypotension does occur, the patient should be placed in the supine position and, if necessary, given an intravenous infu ...
... apply to patients with ischemic heart or cerebrovascular disease, in whom an excessive fall in blood pressure could result in myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident. If hypotension does occur, the patient should be placed in the supine position and, if necessary, given an intravenous infu ...
Drug Dangers
... The student will be able to: Identify current commonly abused drugs in society. Identify side effects from downer drugs. Research the effects of substances such as ecstasy, gamma hydroxybutyrate, rohypnol and ketamine. Identify common terms used in drug use and abuse. List the signs of dr ...
... The student will be able to: Identify current commonly abused drugs in society. Identify side effects from downer drugs. Research the effects of substances such as ecstasy, gamma hydroxybutyrate, rohypnol and ketamine. Identify common terms used in drug use and abuse. List the signs of dr ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... The acute oral toxicity test was performed following the guidelines of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for testing of chemicals with minor modifications (OECD Guideline 425) [3]. Sixteen female mice (non-pregnant, 30-40 g body weight) were divided into four groups of fou ...
... The acute oral toxicity test was performed following the guidelines of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for testing of chemicals with minor modifications (OECD Guideline 425) [3]. Sixteen female mice (non-pregnant, 30-40 g body weight) were divided into four groups of fou ...
Mass versus molar doses, similarities and
... them are prodrugs, for example enalapril is metabolised in vivo to its active form enalaprilat. Comparatively, all ACE inhibitors of this subclass have similar antihypertensive efficacy when equivalent doses are administered. Therefore they are often replaced by each other. Considering data in Table ...
... them are prodrugs, for example enalapril is metabolised in vivo to its active form enalaprilat. Comparatively, all ACE inhibitors of this subclass have similar antihypertensive efficacy when equivalent doses are administered. Therefore they are often replaced by each other. Considering data in Table ...
Corticosteroids
... lymphopoiesis (leukemias and lymphomas). • Striking improvements can be obtained, but severe adverse, but highly predictable, effects are ensue. ...
... lymphopoiesis (leukemias and lymphomas). • Striking improvements can be obtained, but severe adverse, but highly predictable, effects are ensue. ...
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC SIMULTANEOUS ANALYSIS OF PARACETAMOL, PROPYPHENAZONE AND CAFFEINE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORMS
... mixture and in tablet dosage form is based on the additivity of absorbance of the drugs. The absorption maxima of drugs were found to be at 243 nm for paracetamol, 266 nm for propyphenazone and 272.8 nm for caffeine in double distilled water and these wavelengths were selected f ...
... mixture and in tablet dosage form is based on the additivity of absorbance of the drugs. The absorption maxima of drugs were found to be at 243 nm for paracetamol, 266 nm for propyphenazone and 272.8 nm for caffeine in double distilled water and these wavelengths were selected f ...
formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets
... geriatric patients are unwilling to take these solid preparations due to a fear of choking. In order to assist these patients, several mouthdissolving drug delivery systems have been developed. Mouth dissolving tablets can be prepared by various conventional methods like direct compression, wet gran ...
... geriatric patients are unwilling to take these solid preparations due to a fear of choking. In order to assist these patients, several mouthdissolving drug delivery systems have been developed. Mouth dissolving tablets can be prepared by various conventional methods like direct compression, wet gran ...
Psychobiological risk factors for vulnerability to psychostimulants in
... E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Laviola) ...
... E-mail address: [email protected] (G. Laviola) ...
Chapter 8 lesson 1 - ROP Pharmacology for Health Care
... Historical Notes • It was also known that histamine was released in the stomach, where it stimulated the production of hydrochloric acid, and that this was not related to any allergic reaction. • Therefore, researchers realized that histamine must act on two different receptors in the body, and the ...
... Historical Notes • It was also known that histamine was released in the stomach, where it stimulated the production of hydrochloric acid, and that this was not related to any allergic reaction. • Therefore, researchers realized that histamine must act on two different receptors in the body, and the ...
Reporting Drug Concentrations: Mass or Molar Units?
... (the Working Party) is to recommend uniform units for reporting drug concentration measurements by pathology laboratories in Australia and New Zealand. Rationale: The aim of the adoption of common units for reporting drug concentrations is to reduce patient harm which may be caused by misinterpretat ...
... (the Working Party) is to recommend uniform units for reporting drug concentration measurements by pathology laboratories in Australia and New Zealand. Rationale: The aim of the adoption of common units for reporting drug concentrations is to reduce patient harm which may be caused by misinterpretat ...
Interactive Association of Drugs Binding to Human
... in its original position, but AZT has no contact with SA although AZT forms hydrogen bonds with Glu153 and Arg257 (Figure 3C,D). Therefore, Huang et al. suggest that site I of HSA can be divided into three non-overlapped subsites: a SA subsite, an IMN subsite and an AZT subsite [56]. Unfortunately, ...
... in its original position, but AZT has no contact with SA although AZT forms hydrogen bonds with Glu153 and Arg257 (Figure 3C,D). Therefore, Huang et al. suggest that site I of HSA can be divided into three non-overlapped subsites: a SA subsite, an IMN subsite and an AZT subsite [56]. Unfortunately, ...
FLURBIPROFEN FAST DISINTEGRATING TABLETS Research Article AMAL S. M. ABU EL-ENIN
... bioavailability. Fast Disintegrating Tablets (FDTs) are solid dosage form containing medicinal substances or active ingredients which disintegrates rapidly within few seconds when placed up on tongue. Some drugs are absorbed from the mouth, pharynx and esophagus as the saliva passes down into the st ...
... bioavailability. Fast Disintegrating Tablets (FDTs) are solid dosage form containing medicinal substances or active ingredients which disintegrates rapidly within few seconds when placed up on tongue. Some drugs are absorbed from the mouth, pharynx and esophagus as the saliva passes down into the st ...
Research Article DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPRESSED ODT FORMULATION OF INSOLUBLE LOW BITTER DRUG
... rapidly, usually within a matter of seconds, when placed under the tongue. ODT delayed release is a solid dosage form containing medicinal substances which disintegrates rapidly, usually within matter of seconds, when place upon the tongue, but which releases a drug (or drugs ...
... rapidly, usually within a matter of seconds, when placed under the tongue. ODT delayed release is a solid dosage form containing medicinal substances which disintegrates rapidly, usually within matter of seconds, when place upon the tongue, but which releases a drug (or drugs ...
Clinical pharmacology of anti-infectives and nonsteroidal_англ
... A. occurs primarily in patients under 30 years of age B. occurs with increased frequency in patients receiving concomitant ethambutol therapy C. *is probably due to the formation of a toxic hydrazine metabolite that binds to liver protein D. is frequently associated with allergic manifestations such ...
... A. occurs primarily in patients under 30 years of age B. occurs with increased frequency in patients receiving concomitant ethambutol therapy C. *is probably due to the formation of a toxic hydrazine metabolite that binds to liver protein D. is frequently associated with allergic manifestations such ...
Rodent Anesthetics and Analgesics
... Ketamine + Xylazine + Acepromazine: All three drugs can be mixed in a single syringe prior to administration. In rodents, the addition of Acepromazine to the Ketamine/Xylazine cocktail increases the depth of anesthesia and substantially prolongs the duration of anesthesia as well as recovery time. ...
... Ketamine + Xylazine + Acepromazine: All three drugs can be mixed in a single syringe prior to administration. In rodents, the addition of Acepromazine to the Ketamine/Xylazine cocktail increases the depth of anesthesia and substantially prolongs the duration of anesthesia as well as recovery time. ...
I. Morphine
... Decreased c-AMP which leads to opening of Kchannels and hyperpolarization of the 2nd neuron of the sensory pathway. ...
... Decreased c-AMP which leads to opening of Kchannels and hyperpolarization of the 2nd neuron of the sensory pathway. ...
IN VITRO Original Article ENKELEJDA GOCI
... The in vitro release experiments were carried out by using Vertical Diffusion Cell apparatus for DC gel formulations and the commercial gel. A glass cylinder with both ends open, 10 cm height and 3.7 cm outer diameter was used as a permeation cell. The pig skin (previously shaved and cleaned with wa ...
... The in vitro release experiments were carried out by using Vertical Diffusion Cell apparatus for DC gel formulations and the commercial gel. A glass cylinder with both ends open, 10 cm height and 3.7 cm outer diameter was used as a permeation cell. The pig skin (previously shaved and cleaned with wa ...
Infant Feeding Guidelines for Drug Using Mothers
... Much confusion surrounds the issue of whether a woman should breast feed her baby whilst continuing to take drugs. Many women and their partners are concerned about breastfeeding whilst taking drugs or drinking alcohol and will ask for advice. Parents should be informed that for most drugs the benef ...
... Much confusion surrounds the issue of whether a woman should breast feed her baby whilst continuing to take drugs. Many women and their partners are concerned about breastfeeding whilst taking drugs or drinking alcohol and will ask for advice. Parents should be informed that for most drugs the benef ...
Why Olanzapine Beats Risperidone, Risperidone Beats Exploratory Analysis of Head-to-Head Comparison
... mg/day (16, 20, 38), thus excluding the most effective 20mg/day dose. Use of this limited dose range possibly reduces olanzapine’s efficacy and may result in a misleading conclusion of the competitor’s therapeutic superiority or equality. The optimum dose range of amisulpride in patients with predom ...
... mg/day (16, 20, 38), thus excluding the most effective 20mg/day dose. Use of this limited dose range possibly reduces olanzapine’s efficacy and may result in a misleading conclusion of the competitor’s therapeutic superiority or equality. The optimum dose range of amisulpride in patients with predom ...
Oral protein delivery: Current status and future prospect
... to pores of integral membrane transporter. This result in enhanced absorption through lipid bilayers [17]. It is noted, however, that the use of these absorption enhancers is able to enhance the transport of not only proteins but also undesirable molecules present in the GI tract when cell membranes ...
... to pores of integral membrane transporter. This result in enhanced absorption through lipid bilayers [17]. It is noted, however, that the use of these absorption enhancers is able to enhance the transport of not only proteins but also undesirable molecules present in the GI tract when cell membranes ...
CONVENTIONAL AND NOVEL APPROACHES FOR COLON - e-JST
... interest in the colonic delivery for improving the oral bioavailability of drugs whose metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A class, is comparatively lower in the colonic mucosa than in the small intestine12. Increasing bioavailability via a colonic formulation approach has also been found to be ef ...
... interest in the colonic delivery for improving the oral bioavailability of drugs whose metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450 3A class, is comparatively lower in the colonic mucosa than in the small intestine12. Increasing bioavailability via a colonic formulation approach has also been found to be ef ...
Structural biology and drug discovery
... the primary metabolism of drug molecules in the human body. The mammalian P450s linked with metabolism are membrane-associated and, despite significant efforts for many years, the structure of the first mammalian P450 was not solved until 2000 [48]. Subsequently, improvements in manipulating the mam ...
... the primary metabolism of drug molecules in the human body. The mammalian P450s linked with metabolism are membrane-associated and, despite significant efforts for many years, the structure of the first mammalian P450 was not solved until 2000 [48]. Subsequently, improvements in manipulating the mam ...
Pharm D (Post Baccalaureate)
... diseases. This will enable the student to understand the pathophysiology of common diseases and their management. 2. Objectives: At completion of this subject it is expected that students will be able to understand – a. the pathophysiology of selected disease states and the rationale for drug therap ...
... diseases. This will enable the student to understand the pathophysiology of common diseases and their management. 2. Objectives: At completion of this subject it is expected that students will be able to understand – a. the pathophysiology of selected disease states and the rationale for drug therap ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.