INSTILLAGEL
... should be kept under close surveillance and ECG monitoring should be considered, since cardiac effects of these drugs and lidocaine may be additive. β-blockers: Propranolol has been reported to reduce intravenous lidocaine clearance up to 47%, probably by reduced liver blood flow and/or inhibition o ...
... should be kept under close surveillance and ECG monitoring should be considered, since cardiac effects of these drugs and lidocaine may be additive. β-blockers: Propranolol has been reported to reduce intravenous lidocaine clearance up to 47%, probably by reduced liver blood flow and/or inhibition o ...
Product Insert
... SKF 525A (hydrochloride) is supplied as a crystalline solid. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the SKF 525A (hydrochloride) in the solvent of choice. SKF 525A (hydrochloride) is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide (DMF), which should be purged with an i ...
... SKF 525A (hydrochloride) is supplied as a crystalline solid. A stock solution may be made by dissolving the SKF 525A (hydrochloride) in the solvent of choice. SKF 525A (hydrochloride) is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, DMSO, and dimethyl formamide (DMF), which should be purged with an i ...
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 4th ed. Lilley/Harrington
... A patient tells the nurse that he takes ginger almost every day for nausea. It is most important for the nurse to determine if the patient is taking which medication? A. B. C. D. ...
... A patient tells the nurse that he takes ginger almost every day for nausea. It is most important for the nurse to determine if the patient is taking which medication? A. B. C. D. ...
Pharmacology and the Nursing Process, 4th ed. Lilley/Harrington
... A patient tells the nurse that he takes ginger almost every day for nausea. It is most important for the nurse to determine if the patient is taking which medication? A. B. C. D. ...
... A patient tells the nurse that he takes ginger almost every day for nausea. It is most important for the nurse to determine if the patient is taking which medication? A. B. C. D. ...
Factorial design Advantages of the factorial design Interaction plot
... observations are made on the same experimental units. For a example, one of the most common research paradigm is that where subjects are observed at several different point in time (e.g., before and after treatment, longitudinal studies). ...
... observations are made on the same experimental units. For a example, one of the most common research paradigm is that where subjects are observed at several different point in time (e.g., before and after treatment, longitudinal studies). ...
Oral NSAIDs – An Update
... difference in anti-inflammatory activity. All NSAIDs should be avoided if possible in patients with a history of vascular disease, a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), or gastrointestinal (GI) risk factors. Treatment choice depends on individual response, risk factors and adverse effects, pa ...
... difference in anti-inflammatory activity. All NSAIDs should be avoided if possible in patients with a history of vascular disease, a high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), or gastrointestinal (GI) risk factors. Treatment choice depends on individual response, risk factors and adverse effects, pa ...
ANISOCHILUS CARNOSUS TETRA CHLORIDE –INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN ALBINO RATS Full Proceeding Paper
... and their levels are high in the disease control groups. More than 10 fold increase in the activity of ALP with a consequent increase in the activity of GGT after CCl4 intoxication clearly indicated severity of damage in liver. In the present study it was observed that the administration of the sele ...
... and their levels are high in the disease control groups. More than 10 fold increase in the activity of ALP with a consequent increase in the activity of GGT after CCl4 intoxication clearly indicated severity of damage in liver. In the present study it was observed that the administration of the sele ...
formulation and evalution of medicated chewing gum of
... During the chewing gum process, most of the drug products are released into the saliva and either absorbed through buccal mucosa or swallowed through GIT2. Chewing Gum has been used for centuries to clean the mouth and freshen breath. Medicated Chewing Gums are solid, single dose preparations with a ...
... During the chewing gum process, most of the drug products are released into the saliva and either absorbed through buccal mucosa or swallowed through GIT2. Chewing Gum has been used for centuries to clean the mouth and freshen breath. Medicated Chewing Gums are solid, single dose preparations with a ...
International Journal of Universal Pharmacy and Life Sciences
... infections and gradual rise in resistance to available antibiotics had highlighted the need to find more alternative antifungal agents from other sources. In the African countries the genus Maerua is used as antifungal in traditional medicine. Antifungal activity was done by agar diffusion method. A ...
... infections and gradual rise in resistance to available antibiotics had highlighted the need to find more alternative antifungal agents from other sources. In the African countries the genus Maerua is used as antifungal in traditional medicine. Antifungal activity was done by agar diffusion method. A ...
S Afr Fam Pract Abstract
... been widely recognised as being effective, the potential detrimental effect on tissue repair, as described mainly in animal model studies, needs to be taken into account. The side-effects profile on the gastrointestinal tract favour coxibs over non-traditional NSAIDs. The possible effects on the ren ...
... been widely recognised as being effective, the potential detrimental effect on tissue repair, as described mainly in animal model studies, needs to be taken into account. The side-effects profile on the gastrointestinal tract favour coxibs over non-traditional NSAIDs. The possible effects on the ren ...
mutism in autism
... Epidemiology and impact of Disruption of Active Language Development Data from human genetics, epidemiology, and physiologic studies Proposed pharmaceutical intervention: mefenamic acid (MFA) MFA: Mechanism of action from in-vitro and observational studies Preclinical studies of MFA Model systems fo ...
... Epidemiology and impact of Disruption of Active Language Development Data from human genetics, epidemiology, and physiologic studies Proposed pharmaceutical intervention: mefenamic acid (MFA) MFA: Mechanism of action from in-vitro and observational studies Preclinical studies of MFA Model systems fo ...
Rx OPIOIDS – Friend or Foe
... CDC-NIH CAVEATS (Public Health Reports/July-August 2010/Vol.125) “These results should be interpreted with caution for several reasons.” “The accuracy of the findings depends on the accurate categorization of “overdose” as a cause of death on death records.” “Similarly it is possible that growing aw ...
... CDC-NIH CAVEATS (Public Health Reports/July-August 2010/Vol.125) “These results should be interpreted with caution for several reasons.” “The accuracy of the findings depends on the accurate categorization of “overdose” as a cause of death on death records.” “Similarly it is possible that growing aw ...
Reinforcing Effects of Psychostimulants in Humans Are Associated
... and Wise, 1977; Richardson et al., 1994; Self et al., 1996), its relevance in humans subjects, for whom its rewarding effects are associated with the subjective perception of pleasure or “high” (Fischman and Foltin, 1991), has not been investigated. It is also of importance to assess the role of DA ...
... and Wise, 1977; Richardson et al., 1994; Self et al., 1996), its relevance in humans subjects, for whom its rewarding effects are associated with the subjective perception of pleasure or “high” (Fischman and Foltin, 1991), has not been investigated. It is also of importance to assess the role of DA ...
ANNONA SQUAMOSA INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN ALBINO RATS. Full Proceeding Paper
... increased level of LPO, decreased level of GSH and altered the activity of SOD and GPx. (Table 2). Generation of lipid peroxide radicals and related substance occurs due to gastric mucosal membrane damage, which was evidenced from group II untreated ulcerated animals. Lipid peroxidation was inhibite ...
... increased level of LPO, decreased level of GSH and altered the activity of SOD and GPx. (Table 2). Generation of lipid peroxide radicals and related substance occurs due to gastric mucosal membrane damage, which was evidenced from group II untreated ulcerated animals. Lipid peroxidation was inhibite ...
Infree Infree
... need to take INFREE for a long time and are being treated with misoprostol [Although an indication of misoprostol is peptic ulcer due to administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics, some peptic ulcers are resistant to misoprostol therapy. Therefore, if INFREE is administered continu ...
... need to take INFREE for a long time and are being treated with misoprostol [Although an indication of misoprostol is peptic ulcer due to administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesics, some peptic ulcers are resistant to misoprostol therapy. Therefore, if INFREE is administered continu ...
The Development of New Therapeutics for Alzheimerʼns Disease
... for Alzheimer’s Disease MD Carter1, GA Simms1 and DF Weaver1,2,3 Existing treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) fail to address the underlying pathology of the disease; they merely provide short-lived symptomatic relief. Consequently, the progression of AD is unrelenting, leading to a continual de ...
... for Alzheimer’s Disease MD Carter1, GA Simms1 and DF Weaver1,2,3 Existing treatments for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) fail to address the underlying pathology of the disease; they merely provide short-lived symptomatic relief. Consequently, the progression of AD is unrelenting, leading to a continual de ...
Clinical and experimental studies on theophylline
... • Steroids are the first line of drugs for asthma but are given along with bronchodilators like theophylline to reduce their dosage and reverse steroid resistance • Theophylline is an effective, pharmacoeconomically viable drug, but has a narrow therapeutic index, i.e. low margin of safety ...
... • Steroids are the first line of drugs for asthma but are given along with bronchodilators like theophylline to reduce their dosage and reverse steroid resistance • Theophylline is an effective, pharmacoeconomically viable drug, but has a narrow therapeutic index, i.e. low margin of safety ...
Clinically relevant safety issues associated with St. John`s wort
... St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), used most commonly for depression, is one of the top selling and best researched herbs used in the USA [1-3]. It is also popular in Canada and many countries in Europe – including Germany, where it is used more frequently than selective serotonin reuptake inhi ...
... St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), used most commonly for depression, is one of the top selling and best researched herbs used in the USA [1-3]. It is also popular in Canada and many countries in Europe – including Germany, where it is used more frequently than selective serotonin reuptake inhi ...
AP-ZP - Edison Investment Research
... The development risks of Intec are largely centred on whether the AP technology can provide a definitive benefit over other controlled release (CR) formulations. The company has MRI evidence that APs are effectively retained in the stomach, but the question remains how this translates into a benefit ...
... The development risks of Intec are largely centred on whether the AP technology can provide a definitive benefit over other controlled release (CR) formulations. The company has MRI evidence that APs are effectively retained in the stomach, but the question remains how this translates into a benefit ...
Definition of artemisinin resistance
... by greater than 10% of cases with parasites detectable on day 3 following treatment with an ACT (suspected resistance); or – a treatment failure as evidenced by presence of parasites at day 3 and either persistence of parasites on day 7 or recrudescence after day 7 of parasites within 28/42 days, af ...
... by greater than 10% of cases with parasites detectable on day 3 following treatment with an ACT (suspected resistance); or – a treatment failure as evidenced by presence of parasites at day 3 and either persistence of parasites on day 7 or recrudescence after day 7 of parasites within 28/42 days, af ...
OVERVIEW OF CHIRALITY AND CHIRAL DRUGS
... drugs were made via purely synthetic approaches. This has now been reversed, with only about 25% of drugs made from chiral pool and over 50% from other chiral technologies [16]. The following is a brief account of catalytic enantioselective synthesis with commercial applications. ...
... drugs were made via purely synthetic approaches. This has now been reversed, with only about 25% of drugs made from chiral pool and over 50% from other chiral technologies [16]. The following is a brief account of catalytic enantioselective synthesis with commercial applications. ...
Pegicol™ – Oral treatment for chronic constipation and faecal
... contains polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 and electrolytes. Polyethylene glycol exerts its laxative effect by virtue of its osmotic effect in the gut. Water is kept in the lumen, which softens stools and promotes bowel movement. The electrolytes contained in the formulation ensure that there is virtua ...
... contains polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350 and electrolytes. Polyethylene glycol exerts its laxative effect by virtue of its osmotic effect in the gut. Water is kept in the lumen, which softens stools and promotes bowel movement. The electrolytes contained in the formulation ensure that there is virtua ...
Drug regulatory failure in Canada: The case of Diane-35
... third study compared Diane-35 to a contraceptive pill that is approved in Canada, but not as a treatment for acne.10 Thus this comparison was also inappropriate. None of the three double-blind randomized controlled trials included a placebo group, although for treatment of acne this is appropriate, ...
... third study compared Diane-35 to a contraceptive pill that is approved in Canada, but not as a treatment for acne.10 Thus this comparison was also inappropriate. None of the three double-blind randomized controlled trials included a placebo group, although for treatment of acne this is appropriate, ...
Drug-induced peptic ulcer disease
... Corticosteroids Although controversial over the years, current evidence suggests that corticosteriods alone do not impart detectable risk for peptic ulceration.33 Nevertheless the product characteristics of commonly used corticosteriods still indicate that they should be used with caution in patient ...
... Corticosteroids Although controversial over the years, current evidence suggests that corticosteriods alone do not impart detectable risk for peptic ulceration.33 Nevertheless the product characteristics of commonly used corticosteriods still indicate that they should be used with caution in patient ...
Drug interaction
A drug interaction is a situation in which a substance (usually another drug) affects the activity of a drug when both are administered together. This action can be synergistic (when the drug's effect is increased) or antagonistic (when the drug's effect is decreased) or a new effect can be produced that neither produces on its own. Typically, interactions between drugs come to mind (drug-drug interaction). However, interactions may also exist between drugs and foods (drug-food interactions), as well as drugs and medicinal plants or herbs (drug-plant interactions). People taking antidepressant drugs such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors should not take food containing tyramine as hypertensive crisis may occur (an example of a drug-food interaction). These interactions may occur out of accidental misuse or due to lack of knowledge about the active ingredients involved in the relevant substances.It is therefore easy to see the importance of these pharmacological interactions in the practice of medicine. If a patient is taking two drugs and one of them increases the effect of the other it is possible that an overdose may occur. The interaction of the two drugs may also increase the risk that side effects will occur. On the other hand, if the action of a drug is reduced it may cease to have any therapeutic use because of under dosage. Notwithstanding the above, on occasion these interactions may be sought in order to obtain an improved therapeutic effect. Examples of this include the use of codeine with paracetamol to increase its analgesic effect. Or the combination of clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in order to overcome bacterial resistance to the antibiotic. It should also be remembered that there are interactions that, from a theoretical standpoint, may occur but in clinical practice have no important repercussions.The pharmaceutical interactions that are of special interest to the practice of medicine are primarily those that have negative effects for an organism. The risk that a pharmacological interaction will appear increases as a function of the number of drugs administered to a patient at the same time.It is possible that an interaction will occur between a drug and another substance present in the organism (i.e. foods or alcohol). Or in certain specific situations a drug may even react with itself, such as occurs with dehydration. In other situations, the interaction does not involve any effect on the drug. In certain cases, the presence of a drug in an individual's blood may affect certain types of laboratory analysis (analytical interference).It is also possible for interactions to occur outside an organism before administration of the drugs has taken place. This can occur when two drugs are mixed, for example, in a saline solution prior to intravenous injection. Some classic examples of this type of interaction include that Thiopentone and Suxamethonium should not be placed in the same syringe and same is true for Benzylpenicillin and Heparin. These situations will all be discussed under the same heading due to their conceptual similarity.Drug interactions may be the result of various processes. These processes may include alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the drug, such as alterations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of a drug. Alternatively, drug interactions may be the result of the pharmacodynamic properties of the drug, e.g. the co-administration of a receptor antagonist and an agonist for the same receptor.