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Covalent Bonding
... • Some exceptions will occur • Boron accepts less than an octet • Phosphorus & Sulfur can accept more than an octet • “expanded octet” ...
... • Some exceptions will occur • Boron accepts less than an octet • Phosphorus & Sulfur can accept more than an octet • “expanded octet” ...
Nature of Atoms Atomic Structure
... • Formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions • Gain or loss of electrons forms ions – Na atom loses an electron to become Na+ – Cl atom gains an electron to become Cl– – Opposite charges attract so that Na+ and Cl– remain associated as an ionic compound ...
... • Formed by the attraction of oppositely charged ions • Gain or loss of electrons forms ions – Na atom loses an electron to become Na+ – Cl atom gains an electron to become Cl– – Opposite charges attract so that Na+ and Cl– remain associated as an ionic compound ...
Science Starter Tuesday Week 2
... to the molecules when I mix them together. What happens to the MOLECULES and ATOMS? What are they DOING? ...
... to the molecules when I mix them together. What happens to the MOLECULES and ATOMS? What are they DOING? ...
Science 9
... magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium; all are reactive soft, low density metals. 5. ___________________ are the electrons in the outer shell of an atom, which determine its power to combine with other elements. 6. ___________________ is the regular, repeating pattern in which ions in io ...
... magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium; all are reactive soft, low density metals. 5. ___________________ are the electrons in the outer shell of an atom, which determine its power to combine with other elements. 6. ___________________ is the regular, repeating pattern in which ions in io ...
1st Semester Final Exam Review Guide
... 2. Write the electron configuration for oxygen. 3. How many electrons does O-2 have? 4. Write the electron configurations for: a) N-3 b) Al+3 c) Sr+2 5. Draw the orbital diagram for the outer electron configuration of fluorine. 6. Draw the electron dot structure for a nitrogen atom. 7. Know the tren ...
... 2. Write the electron configuration for oxygen. 3. How many electrons does O-2 have? 4. Write the electron configurations for: a) N-3 b) Al+3 c) Sr+2 5. Draw the orbital diagram for the outer electron configuration of fluorine. 6. Draw the electron dot structure for a nitrogen atom. 7. Know the tren ...
PowerPoint
... 1) Build the nucleus by adding the required # of protons and neutrons according to the atomic # and mass # of the atom 2) Fill energy levels (orbitals) with the required # of electrons starting from the lowest available energy level and following Pauli and Hund rules (this is called Aufbau principle ...
... 1) Build the nucleus by adding the required # of protons and neutrons according to the atomic # and mass # of the atom 2) Fill energy levels (orbitals) with the required # of electrons starting from the lowest available energy level and following Pauli and Hund rules (this is called Aufbau principle ...
The Quantum Mechanical Picture of the Atom
... The volume around the nucleus where the electron appears 90-95% of the time The Pauli principle No two electrons in an atom may have identical sets of four quantum numbers ...
... The volume around the nucleus where the electron appears 90-95% of the time The Pauli principle No two electrons in an atom may have identical sets of four quantum numbers ...
STUDY GUIDE for DIGESTION and NUTRITION
... Draw Bohr models for the first 20 elements Draw Lewis models for the first 20 elements Draw and interpret Bohr models for simple ionic and covalent compounds. Draw and interpret Lewis diagrams for simple ionic and covalent molecules. (e.g. NaCl, MgO, H2O, CH4, NH3) Distinguish between lone ...
... Draw Bohr models for the first 20 elements Draw Lewis models for the first 20 elements Draw and interpret Bohr models for simple ionic and covalent compounds. Draw and interpret Lewis diagrams for simple ionic and covalent molecules. (e.g. NaCl, MgO, H2O, CH4, NH3) Distinguish between lone ...
Covalent Bonding
... • Some exceptions will occur • Boron accepts less than an octet • Phosphorus & Sulfur can accept more than an octet • “expanded octet” ...
... • Some exceptions will occur • Boron accepts less than an octet • Phosphorus & Sulfur can accept more than an octet • “expanded octet” ...
Ch.5 VocabReview
... 1. The lowest-energy arrangement of electrons in a subshell is obtained by putting electrons into separate orbitals of the subshell before pairing electrons. ...
... 1. The lowest-energy arrangement of electrons in a subshell is obtained by putting electrons into separate orbitals of the subshell before pairing electrons. ...
Review of Definitions
... 1. Intramolecular Forces. Forces between atoms that exist within individual molecules. 2. Intermolecular Forces. Forces that exist between molecules. 3. Electronegativity. The ability of an atom to attract to itself an electron pair shared with ...
... 1. Intramolecular Forces. Forces between atoms that exist within individual molecules. 2. Intermolecular Forces. Forces that exist between molecules. 3. Electronegativity. The ability of an atom to attract to itself an electron pair shared with ...
Chemical Stability
... 1) Hydrogen forms covalent bonds with metals, non-metals and polyatomic ions. 2) Nonmetals form covalent bonds with other nonmetals. ...
... 1) Hydrogen forms covalent bonds with metals, non-metals and polyatomic ions. 2) Nonmetals form covalent bonds with other nonmetals. ...
Biochemistry-Review of the Basics
... An important ion in our bodies is HCO3- which prevents our blood ...
... An important ion in our bodies is HCO3- which prevents our blood ...
Ionic and Covalent Bonding - Fall River Public Schools
... Sometimes combinations are not an easy one-to-one ratio! Example: Ca and Cl ...
... Sometimes combinations are not an easy one-to-one ratio! Example: Ca and Cl ...
2 - My George School
... numerical _________. The state of matter is often indicated by _______________. Examples: CaCl2(s) C6H6(l) ...
... numerical _________. The state of matter is often indicated by _______________. Examples: CaCl2(s) C6H6(l) ...
Covalent Bonding
... Drawing Electron Dot (Lewis) Structures Lewis structure is a type of structural formula that depicts all the valence electrons in the molecule or ion See Tutorial 1. Determine the total # ve 2. Connect atoms in such a way that all have a noble gas configuration (octet rule) 3. Carbon is often a cen ...
... Drawing Electron Dot (Lewis) Structures Lewis structure is a type of structural formula that depicts all the valence electrons in the molecule or ion See Tutorial 1. Determine the total # ve 2. Connect atoms in such a way that all have a noble gas configuration (octet rule) 3. Carbon is often a cen ...
Periodic Properties of the Elements
... Recall that the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number of an element Properties to be considered Atomic Radius (and Ionic Radius) ...
... Recall that the number of electrons is equal to the atomic number of an element Properties to be considered Atomic Radius (and Ionic Radius) ...
Document
... http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencm ed/targets/illus/ilt/T046738A.gif 12. Molecules and Compounds Molecule – two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds Compound – two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together 12. Chemical Bonds Electron shells, or energy levels, su ...
... http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencm ed/targets/illus/ilt/T046738A.gif 12. Molecules and Compounds Molecule – two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds Compound – two or more different kinds of atoms chemically bonded together 12. Chemical Bonds Electron shells, or energy levels, su ...
Chapter 2
... • Key to the chemical behavior of an atom lies in the number and arrangement of its electrons in their orbitals • Bohr model – electrons in discrete orbits • Modern physics defines orbital as area around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found ...
... • Key to the chemical behavior of an atom lies in the number and arrangement of its electrons in their orbitals • Bohr model – electrons in discrete orbits • Modern physics defines orbital as area around a nucleus where an electron is most likely to be found ...
Elements PPT
... the second can hold eight so it needs two more to be stable, that means that oxygen wants to combine with other elements or itself. ...
... the second can hold eight so it needs two more to be stable, that means that oxygen wants to combine with other elements or itself. ...
Ch 4 - USD305.com
... protons – NaCl- Sodium(11 protons/11 electrons), Chlorine (17 protons/17electrons). Sodium gives up electron, now a positive charge. Chlorine gains electron now a negative charge ...
... protons – NaCl- Sodium(11 protons/11 electrons), Chlorine (17 protons/17electrons). Sodium gives up electron, now a positive charge. Chlorine gains electron now a negative charge ...
Practice Exam 2 - Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
... The reaction BaCl2 (aq) + CuSO4 (aq) CuCl2 (aq) + BaSO4 (s) is a A. combination reaction B. decomposition reaction C. single replacement reaction D. double replacement reaction E. combustion reaction ...
... The reaction BaCl2 (aq) + CuSO4 (aq) CuCl2 (aq) + BaSO4 (s) is a A. combination reaction B. decomposition reaction C. single replacement reaction D. double replacement reaction E. combustion reaction ...
Covalent Bonding - Effingham County Schools
... •As independent particles, most atoms are at relatively high potential energy. •Nature, however, favors arrangements in which potential energy is minimized. •This means that most atoms are less stable existing by themselves than when they are combined. •By bonding with each other, atoms decrease in ...
... •As independent particles, most atoms are at relatively high potential energy. •Nature, however, favors arrangements in which potential energy is minimized. •This means that most atoms are less stable existing by themselves than when they are combined. •By bonding with each other, atoms decrease in ...
Chemical bond
A chemical bond is an attraction between atoms that allows the formation of chemical substances that contain two or more atoms. The bond is caused by the electrostatic force of attraction between opposite charges, either between electrons and nuclei, or as the result of a dipole attraction. The strength of chemical bonds varies considerably; there are ""strong bonds"" such as covalent or ionic bonds and ""weak bonds"" such as Dipole-dipole interaction, the London dispersion force and hydrogen bonding.Since opposite charges attract via a simple electromagnetic force, the negatively charged electrons that are orbiting the nucleus and the positively charged protons in the nucleus attract each other. An electron positioned between two nuclei will be attracted to both of them, and the nuclei will be attracted toward electrons in this position. This attraction constitutes the chemical bond. Due to the matter wave nature of electrons and their smaller mass, they must occupy a much larger amount of volume compared with the nuclei, and this volume occupied by the electrons keeps the atomic nuclei relatively far apart, as compared with the size of the nuclei themselves. This phenomenon limits the distance between nuclei and atoms in a bond.In general, strong chemical bonding is associated with the sharing or transfer of electrons between the participating atoms. The atoms in molecules, crystals, metals and diatomic gases—indeed most of the physical environment around us—are held together by chemical bonds, which dictate the structure and the bulk properties of matter.All bonds can be explained by quantum theory, but, in practice, simplification rules allow chemists to predict the strength, directionality, and polarity of bonds. The octet rule and VSEPR theory are two examples. More sophisticated theories are valence bond theory which includes orbital hybridization and resonance, and the linear combination of atomic orbitals molecular orbital method which includes ligand field theory. Electrostatics are used to describe bond polarities and the effects they have on chemical substances.