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Picosecond  Flash  Photolysis  of Carbonyl  Complexes ... Ruthenium(II}  Porphyrin Cation  Radicals
Picosecond Flash Photolysis of Carbonyl Complexes ... Ruthenium(II} Porphyrin Cation Radicals

... from a mode-locked Nd:glass laser system yielded a transient absorption spectrum at a 20-ps delay that was the same within experimental error as that shown in Figure 3A, and the decay time of the transient was measured to be 22 ± 5 ps. This agrees well (14) It is always difficult to deconvolute an a ...
SELECTED ANSWERS
SELECTED ANSWERS

PDF Full-text
PDF Full-text

Charge and spin quantum fluids generated by many
Charge and spin quantum fluids generated by many

CHAPTER 15 ACIDS AND BASES
CHAPTER 15 ACIDS AND BASES

Single-exciton spectroscopy of single Mn doped InAs quantum dots
Single-exciton spectroscopy of single Mn doped InAs quantum dots

... systems can also be used as a reference to interpret the experiments on Mn doped nanocrystals.12,13 The focus of this work is the single exciton spectroscopy of a single Mn atom in a InAs quantum dot 共QD兲, motivated by recent experimental results on InAs QD 共Ref. 8兲 and keeping in mind the relation ...
ChemQuest 1 Information: Qualitative vs. Quantitative Critical
ChemQuest 1 Information: Qualitative vs. Quantitative Critical

Helium atom - ChaosBook.org
Helium atom - ChaosBook.org

Helium atom - ChaosBook.org
Helium atom - ChaosBook.org

Inner-shell excitation of open-shell atoms - Shih
Inner-shell excitation of open-shell atoms - Shih

2. Electron spin dynamics in quantum dots
2. Electron spin dynamics in quantum dots

... between electron and hole is not negligible. Therefore, it is highly probable that the observed short relaxation time (being of the order of nanoseconds) is due to fast spin dynamics of the hole. The surface states could also contribute to the spin relaxation due to the small size of the dot. Finall ...
The Thomas-Fermi model: momentum expectation values
The Thomas-Fermi model: momentum expectation values

Quantum simulations with cold trapped ions
Quantum simulations with cold trapped ions

... degrees of freedom can be controlled to a considerable degree by the experimenter. A strong motivation for early experiments with individual trapped ions arose from their potential use as frequency standards (e.g. Dehmelt (1981) and references therein). Today, by using trapped ions as frequency stan ...
Taming the Electronic Structure of Lead and Eka-lead
Taming the Electronic Structure of Lead and Eka-lead

nature
nature

Molecular Modelling for Beginners
Molecular Modelling for Beginners

... reference manuals that can apparently transform you into an expert overnight. It’s a two-edged sword, and we are victims of our own success. One often meets selfappointed experts in the field who have picked up much of the jargon with little of the deep understanding. It’s no use (in my humble opinio ...
Hyperfine structure in photoassociative spectra of 6Li2
Hyperfine structure in photoassociative spectra of 6Li2

Nuclear Spins in Quantum Dots
Nuclear Spins in Quantum Dots

... of such devices would require coherent control of the quantum systems with precision which is quite difficult to achieve. There are both fundamental and practical obstacles that need to be overcome, if that is at all possible. The most ambitious of these proposed devices is the quantum bit, or qubit ...
Naming Compounds
Naming Compounds

orange review book_2014_key
orange review book_2014_key

... compounds is that both (1) are heterogeneous (2) consist of two or more substances (3) are homogeneous (4) are heterogeneous 20. A dilute, aqueous potassium nitrate solution is best classified as a (1) homogeneous compound (2) homogeneous mixture (3) heterogeneous compound (4) heterogeneou ...
Illumination Intensity Dependence of the Photovoltage in
Illumination Intensity Dependence of the Photovoltage in

Ca(ii), Cd(ii), Cu(ii) and Pb(ii)
Ca(ii), Cd(ii), Cu(ii) and Pb(ii)

... very low (RI o 5%). The situation is different in the case of calcium ions – because in this case the formed [Ca(II)L]2+ complex exhibits much higher relative abundance of 31%. In the case of the copper ion due to the measurement conditions we observed the reduction process Cu(II) - Cu(I). This type ...
Ab initio embedded cluster study of optical second harmonic
Ab initio embedded cluster study of optical second harmonic

Numerical analysis of transmission coefficient, LDOS, and DOS in
Numerical analysis of transmission coefficient, LDOS, and DOS in

Ab Initio correlated all electron Dirac
Ab Initio correlated all electron Dirac

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Ionization



Ionization is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons to form ions, often in conjunction with other chemical changes. Ionization can result from the loss of an electron after collisions with sub atomic particles, collisions with other atoms, molecules and ions, or through the interaction with light. Heterolytic bond cleavage and heterolytic substitution reactions can result in the formation of ion pairs. Ionization can occur through radioactive decay by the internal conversion process, in which an excited nucleus transfers its energy to one of the inner-shell electrons causing it to be ejected.
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