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Review of Major Concepts Taught in Grade 9 Chemistry
Review of Major Concepts Taught in Grade 9 Chemistry

... Valence electrons are the electrons found in the outermost electron orbit or shell. ...
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... 10. He discovered the electron and developed the “plum pudding” model of the atom. 11. His five postulates make up atomic theory. 12. His gold foil experiment led to his discovery of the nucleus. 13. He developed the planetary model of the atom, which described the light spectrum. 14. What is the sh ...
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Physical Science Chapter 3 Test

... their properties will emerge in a regular pattern. 12. Because atoms of elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of ____________________, they have similar properties. 13. Some elements are highly ____________________ because their outermost energy levels are only partia ...
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notes - van Maarseveen

... Information in the periodic table – if you look at the square for each element, you will find two important numbers Number at the top = atomic number Number at the bottom = atomic mass Why are the atomic masses not always whole numbers? Some elements have different forms (known as isotopes) that hav ...
Notes
Notes

< 1 ... 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 ... 256 >

Extended periodic table

An extended periodic table theorizes about elements beyond element 118 (beyond period 7, or row 7). Currently seven periods in the periodic table of chemical elements are known and proven, culminating with atomic number 118. If further elements with higher atomic numbers than this are discovered, they will be placed in additional periods, laid out (as with the existing periods) to illustrate periodically recurring trends in the properties of the elements concerned. Any additional periods are expected to contain a larger number of elements than the seventh period, as they are calculated to have an additional so-called g-block, containing at least 18 elements with partially filled g-orbitals in each period. An eight-period table containing this block was suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. IUPAC defines an element to exist if its lifetime is longer than 10−14 seconds, which is the time it takes for the nucleus to form an electronic cloud.No elements in this region have been synthesized or discovered in nature. The first element of the g-block may have atomic number 121, and thus would have the systematic name unbiunium. Elements in this region are likely to be highly unstable with respect to radioactive decay, and have extremely short half lives, although element 126 is hypothesized to be within an island of stability that is resistant to fission but not to alpha decay. It is not clear how many elements beyond the expected island of stability are physically possible, if period 8 is complete, or if there is a period 9.According to the orbital approximation in quantum mechanical descriptions of atomic structure, the g-block would correspond to elements with partially filled g-orbitals, but spin-orbit coupling effects reduce the validity of the orbital approximation substantially for elements of high atomic number. While Seaborg's version of the extended period had the heavier elements following the pattern set by lighter elements, as it did not take into account relativistic effects, models that take relativistic effects into account do not. Pekka Pyykkö and B. Fricke used computer modeling to calculate the positions of elements up to Z = 184 (comprising periods 8, 9, and the beginning of 10), and found that several were displaced from the Madelung rule.
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