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Classification of Matter
Classification of Matter

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Atomic Structure DEMOCRITUS JOHN DALTON

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... Write ground-state electron configurations for the following elements. a. Chlorine _________________________________________________ b. Silicon _________________________________________________ c. Carbon _________________________________________________ ...
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... atom ______. Atoms with ____outer energy levels are unreactive. These are called the _____ _____. They are unreactive because their atoms have _______ arrangements of electrons . ...
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Game Face: Quarter Test Review Answers You`re Welcome, Please

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... (a) In the H atom, the total energy of an electron in a 1s orbital is -13.6 eV. (An eV is a unit of energy. 1eV/atom or 1 eV/molecule = 96.5 kJ/mole.) What is the average kinetic and potential energy of an electron in a H 1s orbital. (b) Examine Figure 8-36, where the total energy of the 1s orbital ...
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Extended periodic table

An extended periodic table theorizes about elements beyond element 118 (beyond period 7, or row 7). Currently seven periods in the periodic table of chemical elements are known and proven, culminating with atomic number 118. If further elements with higher atomic numbers than this are discovered, they will be placed in additional periods, laid out (as with the existing periods) to illustrate periodically recurring trends in the properties of the elements concerned. Any additional periods are expected to contain a larger number of elements than the seventh period, as they are calculated to have an additional so-called g-block, containing at least 18 elements with partially filled g-orbitals in each period. An eight-period table containing this block was suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. IUPAC defines an element to exist if its lifetime is longer than 10−14 seconds, which is the time it takes for the nucleus to form an electronic cloud.No elements in this region have been synthesized or discovered in nature. The first element of the g-block may have atomic number 121, and thus would have the systematic name unbiunium. Elements in this region are likely to be highly unstable with respect to radioactive decay, and have extremely short half lives, although element 126 is hypothesized to be within an island of stability that is resistant to fission but not to alpha decay. It is not clear how many elements beyond the expected island of stability are physically possible, if period 8 is complete, or if there is a period 9.According to the orbital approximation in quantum mechanical descriptions of atomic structure, the g-block would correspond to elements with partially filled g-orbitals, but spin-orbit coupling effects reduce the validity of the orbital approximation substantially for elements of high atomic number. While Seaborg's version of the extended period had the heavier elements following the pattern set by lighter elements, as it did not take into account relativistic effects, models that take relativistic effects into account do not. Pekka Pyykkö and B. Fricke used computer modeling to calculate the positions of elements up to Z = 184 (comprising periods 8, 9, and the beginning of 10), and found that several were displaced from the Madelung rule.
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