2010
... 11. Hydrogen sulphide is a highly toxic and flammable gas. It is normally prepared in a fume chamber. a) Name two reagents that can be used to prepare hydrogen sulphide in the laboratory. b) One of the uses of hydrogen sulphide is to produce sulphur as shown in the following equation; 2H2S(g) + SO2( ...
... 11. Hydrogen sulphide is a highly toxic and flammable gas. It is normally prepared in a fume chamber. a) Name two reagents that can be used to prepare hydrogen sulphide in the laboratory. b) One of the uses of hydrogen sulphide is to produce sulphur as shown in the following equation; 2H2S(g) + SO2( ...
James Ruse with Solutions
... A soft drink may be decarbonated by heating. In observing the results, the equilibrium between gaseous and dissolved carbon dioxide can be examined. CO2 (g) ...
... A soft drink may be decarbonated by heating. In observing the results, the equilibrium between gaseous and dissolved carbon dioxide can be examined. CO2 (g) ...
Thermobest for Chem1
... Hess’s Law: When reactants are converted to products, the change in enthalpy is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps. (Enthalpy is a state function. It doesn’t matter how you get there, only where you start and end.) ...
... Hess’s Law: When reactants are converted to products, the change in enthalpy is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps. (Enthalpy is a state function. It doesn’t matter how you get there, only where you start and end.) ...
balancing chemical equations worksheet
... Q2. A balanced chemical equation can be written in four steps. 1. Write the reaction in words, 2. Change the chemical names into their correct symbols and formulae. 3. Include the physical states and 4. finally balance. The following questions relate to these four steps. a. What symbols should we us ...
... Q2. A balanced chemical equation can be written in four steps. 1. Write the reaction in words, 2. Change the chemical names into their correct symbols and formulae. 3. Include the physical states and 4. finally balance. The following questions relate to these four steps. a. What symbols should we us ...
Chemical Equilibrium - Shailendra Kumar Chemistry
... 2B (g) + 3C (g). If the concentration of C at equilibrium is increased by a factor 2, it will cause the equilibrium concentration of B to change to: (a) two times of its original value (b) one half of its original value (c) 2√2 times of its original value (d) 1/2√2 times of its original value ...
... 2B (g) + 3C (g). If the concentration of C at equilibrium is increased by a factor 2, it will cause the equilibrium concentration of B to change to: (a) two times of its original value (b) one half of its original value (c) 2√2 times of its original value (d) 1/2√2 times of its original value ...
coordination compounds - Ahlcon Public School , Mayur Vihar Ph
... The bond energy of F2 is less than that of Cl2. Why? ...
... The bond energy of F2 is less than that of Cl2. Why? ...
File
... • C12H22O11 (s) C12H22O11 (aq) • NO dissociation because NO ions • Sucrose dissolves in water because sugar is polar (-OH group), but dissociation does not occur. Sucrose molecules are simply separated from each other. No ions are formed ...
... • C12H22O11 (s) C12H22O11 (aq) • NO dissociation because NO ions • Sucrose dissolves in water because sugar is polar (-OH group), but dissociation does not occur. Sucrose molecules are simply separated from each other. No ions are formed ...
4_ Chemical reactions
... chemical reactions. One approach is to classify reactions into four types: combination, decomposition, single replacement and double replacement reactions. I) Combination Reactions In a combination reaction, two or more substances react to form a single product. The general form of this reaction is ...
... chemical reactions. One approach is to classify reactions into four types: combination, decomposition, single replacement and double replacement reactions. I) Combination Reactions In a combination reaction, two or more substances react to form a single product. The general form of this reaction is ...
06 Salts of carboxylic acids,saturated amino acids of aliphatic series
... of the cell are catalyzed by proteins called enzymes. Other proteins are structural constituents of protoplasm and cell membranes. Some hormones are characterized as proteins or proteinlike compounds because of their polypeptide structural features. Proteins are biosynthesized from α-amino acids, an ...
... of the cell are catalyzed by proteins called enzymes. Other proteins are structural constituents of protoplasm and cell membranes. Some hormones are characterized as proteins or proteinlike compounds because of their polypeptide structural features. Proteins are biosynthesized from α-amino acids, an ...
Objective (Local, State, National – College Board)
... weak acids and bases. Arrhenius definitions are based on these observations. Bronsted Lowry theory can be introduced by considering things that are known to be acids but are not aqueous solutions. The “accounting system” of naming acids, bases conjugate acids and conjugate bases should be mastered i ...
... weak acids and bases. Arrhenius definitions are based on these observations. Bronsted Lowry theory can be introduced by considering things that are known to be acids but are not aqueous solutions. The “accounting system” of naming acids, bases conjugate acids and conjugate bases should be mastered i ...
Your views are welcomed upon the theme of
... Explanations from the octet framework? I have rather laboured this point because I believe it is very important. My research suggests that students entering college level courses commonly believe that a ‘full outer shell’ or an octet of electrons is a very good indicator of chemical stability. Not o ...
... Explanations from the octet framework? I have rather laboured this point because I believe it is very important. My research suggests that students entering college level courses commonly believe that a ‘full outer shell’ or an octet of electrons is a very good indicator of chemical stability. Not o ...
3/23/2014 1 8 Chemical Equations Chapter Outline Chemical
... a. Summarize a chemical reaction by displaying the substances reacting and forming. b. Indicate specific amounts of materials consumed or produced during the reaction. Reactants: substances consumed during the reaction. Products: substances formed during the reaction. ...
... a. Summarize a chemical reaction by displaying the substances reacting and forming. b. Indicate specific amounts of materials consumed or produced during the reaction. Reactants: substances consumed during the reaction. Products: substances formed during the reaction. ...
Chapter 8
... One element (A) reacts with a compound (BC) to replace one element in the compound, giving a new element (B) and a different compound (AC). A + BC ...
... One element (A) reacts with a compound (BC) to replace one element in the compound, giving a new element (B) and a different compound (AC). A + BC ...
Chemistry workbook
... 1. consist of a metal and a nonmetal (cation and an anion) 2. charges must balance in the final formula to form a neutral compound 3. List the characteristics of an ionic compound. 4. Write the formula for the following: a. lithium chloride b. magnesium fluoride c. scandium sulfide d. calcium nitrid ...
... 1. consist of a metal and a nonmetal (cation and an anion) 2. charges must balance in the final formula to form a neutral compound 3. List the characteristics of an ionic compound. 4. Write the formula for the following: a. lithium chloride b. magnesium fluoride c. scandium sulfide d. calcium nitrid ...
1.02 x 10 = 3 mol lit 3.4 x 10
... (i) Mg(OH)2 is sparingly soluble in water but highly soluble in ammonium chloride solution. Ans: Mg(OH)2 is a weak base. NH4Cl is acidic due to hydrolysis. So neutralization takes place and dissolves. (ii) When hydrogen sulphide is passed through acidified zinc sulphate solution, white ppt of zinc s ...
... (i) Mg(OH)2 is sparingly soluble in water but highly soluble in ammonium chloride solution. Ans: Mg(OH)2 is a weak base. NH4Cl is acidic due to hydrolysis. So neutralization takes place and dissolves. (ii) When hydrogen sulphide is passed through acidified zinc sulphate solution, white ppt of zinc s ...
Sample Problems
... an excess of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Find the mass of sodium chloride precipitated from this reaction. 5. 56 grams of nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen to produce ammonia (NH3). How many grams of ammonia are produced? Assignment: Page 311, 1- 5 ...
... an excess of hydrochloric acid (HCl). Find the mass of sodium chloride precipitated from this reaction. 5. 56 grams of nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen to produce ammonia (NH3). How many grams of ammonia are produced? Assignment: Page 311, 1- 5 ...
A) Sn4+ → Sn2+ + 2e
... 76. In the electrolysis of aqueous copper (II) bromide solution, CuBr 2(aq), 1.00 gram of Cu is deposited at the cathode. How many grams of bromine are formed at the ...
... 76. In the electrolysis of aqueous copper (II) bromide solution, CuBr 2(aq), 1.00 gram of Cu is deposited at the cathode. How many grams of bromine are formed at the ...
Page 1
... 35. What does the ideal gas law allow a scientist to calculate that the other gas laws do not? Number of moles, density and molar mass if pressure, volume and temperature are known 36. Standard temperature and pressure (STP) are equal to ___1atm___ and ___0oC_____. 37. Define coefficient, superscrip ...
... 35. What does the ideal gas law allow a scientist to calculate that the other gas laws do not? Number of moles, density and molar mass if pressure, volume and temperature are known 36. Standard temperature and pressure (STP) are equal to ___1atm___ and ___0oC_____. 37. Define coefficient, superscrip ...
aldehyde, ketones and carboxylic acids
... approximately perpendicular to the plane of sp2 hybridised orbitals of carbonyl carbon. The hybridisation of carbon changes from sp2 to sp3 in this process, and a tetrahedral alkoxide intermediate is produced. This intermediate captures a proton from the reaction medium to give the electrically neut ...
... approximately perpendicular to the plane of sp2 hybridised orbitals of carbonyl carbon. The hybridisation of carbon changes from sp2 to sp3 in this process, and a tetrahedral alkoxide intermediate is produced. This intermediate captures a proton from the reaction medium to give the electrically neut ...
Compounds of Chlorine
... Chloride (and bromide) bridges are usually bent, whereas uoride bridges can be either linear or bent. As an example, BeF2 and BeCl2 are isostructural, consisting of in nite chains with bent bridges (Figure 2). In contrast, transition metal pentahalides show dierent structures depending on the iden ...
... Chloride (and bromide) bridges are usually bent, whereas uoride bridges can be either linear or bent. As an example, BeF2 and BeCl2 are isostructural, consisting of in nite chains with bent bridges (Figure 2). In contrast, transition metal pentahalides show dierent structures depending on the iden ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.