Oxygen Reduction Reaction with the Rotating Ring Disk Electrode
... magnitude as the adsorption of hydrogen on the Pt electrode surface interferes with the ORR. The potential at the ring is fixed at 1.00 V, thus the x-axis of the graph in Figure 1 does not apply to the ring data. Although the potential of the ring is fixed, the current signal at the ring changes as ...
... magnitude as the adsorption of hydrogen on the Pt electrode surface interferes with the ORR. The potential at the ring is fixed at 1.00 V, thus the x-axis of the graph in Figure 1 does not apply to the ring data. Although the potential of the ring is fixed, the current signal at the ring changes as ...
1994 AP Chemistry Multiple Choice
... Reproductions of these examination questions by classroom teachers is permitted for face-to-face teaching purposes only. ...
... Reproductions of these examination questions by classroom teachers is permitted for face-to-face teaching purposes only. ...
chemical kinetics - Berkeley City College
... obtained experimentally, in which k1 = k. The second step, which occurs very fast, does not influence the overall rate. In fact, if the exponents in the rate law differ from the coefficients in the chemical equation, the mechanism for the reaction normally involves more than one elementary step. Mos ...
... obtained experimentally, in which k1 = k. The second step, which occurs very fast, does not influence the overall rate. In fact, if the exponents in the rate law differ from the coefficients in the chemical equation, the mechanism for the reaction normally involves more than one elementary step. Mos ...
Document
... Graphite is a non metal but can conduct electricity. This is because graphite has free(delocalised electrons) HT Graphite has free electrons because each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 3 others leaving 1 electron free per carbon atom. Graphite has strong covalent bonds and weak intermolecular f ...
... Graphite is a non metal but can conduct electricity. This is because graphite has free(delocalised electrons) HT Graphite has free electrons because each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 3 others leaving 1 electron free per carbon atom. Graphite has strong covalent bonds and weak intermolecular f ...
Lab 1
... of heat and electricity, ductile (can be drawn into a wire), and malleable (can be molded into a shape). Some metals such as sodium or calcium may have a white coating of oxide formed by reacting with oxygen in the air. If these are cut, you can see the fresh shiny metal underneath. In contrast, non ...
... of heat and electricity, ductile (can be drawn into a wire), and malleable (can be molded into a shape). Some metals such as sodium or calcium may have a white coating of oxide formed by reacting with oxygen in the air. If these are cut, you can see the fresh shiny metal underneath. In contrast, non ...
Chemistry - Kendriya Vidyalaya Raigarh
... FORMATION OF AN IONIC BOND: It is favoured by, (i) the low ionisation enthalpy of a metallic element which forms the cations, (ii) High electron gain enthalpy of non- metallic element which forms the anions, (iii) Large lattice enthalpy i.e; the smaller size and the higher charge of the atoms. COVAL ...
... FORMATION OF AN IONIC BOND: It is favoured by, (i) the low ionisation enthalpy of a metallic element which forms the cations, (ii) High electron gain enthalpy of non- metallic element which forms the anions, (iii) Large lattice enthalpy i.e; the smaller size and the higher charge of the atoms. COVAL ...
Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge
... (c) When iron is made into the alloy steel, the properties of iron are changed. High carbon steels are stronger than iron but are brittle. State a property of low carbon steels. ...
... (c) When iron is made into the alloy steel, the properties of iron are changed. High carbon steels are stronger than iron but are brittle. State a property of low carbon steels. ...
Acidic Environment
... INCREASED, the equilibrium point will shift towards the opposite side of the equation; this opposes the change, as it reduces the concentration of the species by producing more products on the opposite side. ...
... INCREASED, the equilibrium point will shift towards the opposite side of the equation; this opposes the change, as it reduces the concentration of the species by producing more products on the opposite side. ...
«Классы и номенклатура неорганических соединений»
... 19. What is the structure of water molecule? A. *angle B. line C. square D. cube E. octahedral 20. What is the maximal valence of Nitrogen taking into account the donor-acceptor mechanism of formation of covalent bond? A. *4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 5 21. The molecule of carbon (II) oxide has a very high e ...
... 19. What is the structure of water molecule? A. *angle B. line C. square D. cube E. octahedral 20. What is the maximal valence of Nitrogen taking into account the donor-acceptor mechanism of formation of covalent bond? A. *4 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 E. 5 21. The molecule of carbon (II) oxide has a very high e ...
Unit 8: Reactions
... 3. Double Replacement: A solution reaction in which the positive ion of one compound combines with the negative ion of the other compound to form a precipitate, and the other ions remain dissolved in solution. 4. Law of Conservation of Charge: Charge may not be created or destroyed by physical or ch ...
... 3. Double Replacement: A solution reaction in which the positive ion of one compound combines with the negative ion of the other compound to form a precipitate, and the other ions remain dissolved in solution. 4. Law of Conservation of Charge: Charge may not be created or destroyed by physical or ch ...
Biodiesel Production and Fuel Quality_JVG
... bound glycerol. When the bound glycerol is added to the free glycerol, the sum is known as the total glycerol. The ASTM specification requires that the total glycerol be less than 0.24% of the final biodiesel product as measured using a gas chromatographic method described in ASTM D 6584. Since the ...
... bound glycerol. When the bound glycerol is added to the free glycerol, the sum is known as the total glycerol. The ASTM specification requires that the total glycerol be less than 0.24% of the final biodiesel product as measured using a gas chromatographic method described in ASTM D 6584. Since the ...
Magic of Chemical Reactions 2. - mt
... What are the steps of writing a chemical equation? 1. The symbols or molecular formulae of the reactants are written on the left hand side and products are on the right hand side. 2. Reactants and products are connected with an arrow () pointing towards product side. 3. Whenever there are two or mo ...
... What are the steps of writing a chemical equation? 1. The symbols or molecular formulae of the reactants are written on the left hand side and products are on the right hand side. 2. Reactants and products are connected with an arrow () pointing towards product side. 3. Whenever there are two or mo ...
Thermochemistry Exam Review Questions
... 3. Three different substances, A, B, and oxygen, are mixed. A two-step reaction occurs as shown below. 1) A + O2 → AO2 2) B + AO2 → A + BO2 Which substance is the catalyst? A. A B. AO2 ...
... 3. Three different substances, A, B, and oxygen, are mixed. A two-step reaction occurs as shown below. 1) A + O2 → AO2 2) B + AO2 → A + BO2 Which substance is the catalyst? A. A B. AO2 ...
Minimum electrophilicity principle in Lewis acid–base complexes of
... pyramidalization energy is required. This distortion depends on the strength of BX bonds (the strength of back-donation). But with very weak base no pyramidalization energy is required because the Lewis acid BX3 is rarely distorted from its planner geometry. Therefore when a weak base is considered, ...
... pyramidalization energy is required. This distortion depends on the strength of BX bonds (the strength of back-donation). But with very weak base no pyramidalization energy is required because the Lewis acid BX3 is rarely distorted from its planner geometry. Therefore when a weak base is considered, ...
standard enthalpy change of reaction
... Students should be able to calculate the heat energy change for a substance given the mass, specific heat capacity and temperature change using q = mcΔT. 5.2.2 Design suitable experimental procedures for measuring the heat energy changes of reactions. Students should consider reactions in aqueou ...
... Students should be able to calculate the heat energy change for a substance given the mass, specific heat capacity and temperature change using q = mcΔT. 5.2.2 Design suitable experimental procedures for measuring the heat energy changes of reactions. Students should consider reactions in aqueou ...
Energy and Chemistry
... Having to carry its own fuel puts a lot of mass burden on an engine in space. This is why NASA is developing other types of engines to minimize fuel mass. An ion thruster uses xenon atoms that have had at least one electron removed from their atoms. The resulting ions can be accelerated by electric ...
... Having to carry its own fuel puts a lot of mass burden on an engine in space. This is why NASA is developing other types of engines to minimize fuel mass. An ion thruster uses xenon atoms that have had at least one electron removed from their atoms. The resulting ions can be accelerated by electric ...
Chapter 4
... electrons cancel. In this case, multiply the reduction by 3 and the oxidation by 4 for a total of 24 electrons on each side. 3 x [8 OH- + N2H4 → 2 NO + 8 e- + 6 H2O] i.e., 24 OH- + 3 N2H4 → 6 NO + 24 e- + 18 H2O 4 x [3 H2O + 6 e- + BrO3- → Br- + 6 OH-] i.e., 12 H2O + 24 e- + 4 BrO3- → 4 Br- + 24 ...
... electrons cancel. In this case, multiply the reduction by 3 and the oxidation by 4 for a total of 24 electrons on each side. 3 x [8 OH- + N2H4 → 2 NO + 8 e- + 6 H2O] i.e., 24 OH- + 3 N2H4 → 6 NO + 24 e- + 18 H2O 4 x [3 H2O + 6 e- + BrO3- → Br- + 6 OH-] i.e., 12 H2O + 24 e- + 4 BrO3- → 4 Br- + 24 ...
Main-group elements as transition metals
... was argued that the multiple bonded heavier main-group compounds resemble transition-metal complexes owing to the presence of occupied and unoccupied frontier orbitals that are energetically accessible. How is this reflected in the chemistry of the main-group species? In organotransition-metal chemi ...
... was argued that the multiple bonded heavier main-group compounds resemble transition-metal complexes owing to the presence of occupied and unoccupied frontier orbitals that are energetically accessible. How is this reflected in the chemistry of the main-group species? In organotransition-metal chemi ...
Balancing Reaction Equations Oxidation State Reduction
... Oxidation: Loss of electrons from an element ….oxidation number increases Reduction: Gain of electrons by an element ….oxidation number decreases ...
... Oxidation: Loss of electrons from an element ….oxidation number increases Reduction: Gain of electrons by an element ….oxidation number decreases ...
Equilibrium STUDY GUIDE by Keshara Senanayake ---
... If both sides have equal # of moles of gas a shift in either direction will not reduce the pressure. So a increase in pressure has no effect on the equilibrium situation. So an equilibrium reaction that has the same number of moles of gas on both sides of the equation will not be affected by the cha ...
... If both sides have equal # of moles of gas a shift in either direction will not reduce the pressure. So a increase in pressure has no effect on the equilibrium situation. So an equilibrium reaction that has the same number of moles of gas on both sides of the equation will not be affected by the cha ...
REACTING MASSES – ACTIVITY SHEET
... c) Calculate the atom economy for this way of making hydrazine. 2) Ibuprofen is a common pain killer used for symptoms such as head aches, tooth ache and period pains. It was invented in the 1960’s by Boots and became available without a prescription in the 1980’s. In the original method for making ...
... c) Calculate the atom economy for this way of making hydrazine. 2) Ibuprofen is a common pain killer used for symptoms such as head aches, tooth ache and period pains. It was invented in the 1960’s by Boots and became available without a prescription in the 1980’s. In the original method for making ...
Reactions Balancing Chemical Equations uses Law of conservation
... What is the percent yield of the reaction? Mg3N2 (s) + Mass (g) FW (g/mol) ...
... What is the percent yield of the reaction? Mg3N2 (s) + Mass (g) FW (g/mol) ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.