Synthetic Polymers - McQuarrie General Chemistry
... Some molecules contain so many atoms (up to tens of thousands) that understanding their structure would seem to be an impossible task. By recognizing that many of these macromolecules exhibit recurring structural motifs, however, chemists have come to understand how these molecules are constructed a ...
... Some molecules contain so many atoms (up to tens of thousands) that understanding their structure would seem to be an impossible task. By recognizing that many of these macromolecules exhibit recurring structural motifs, however, chemists have come to understand how these molecules are constructed a ...
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Homework Booklet [4,S]
... 4. Explain the following in terms of bonding and structure ideas :. (i) Silicon dioxide and carbon dioxide both contain covalent bonds but the former melts at 1700oC whereas the latter is a gas at 0oC. (ii) Sodium oxide, carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide are all poor conductors of electricity ...
... 4. Explain the following in terms of bonding and structure ideas :. (i) Silicon dioxide and carbon dioxide both contain covalent bonds but the former melts at 1700oC whereas the latter is a gas at 0oC. (ii) Sodium oxide, carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide are all poor conductors of electricity ...
CHEM 1212 Principles of Chemistry II Course Study Guide
... 8. Focus. Turn off all interrupting beeps and alarms on your phone and computer, and the turn on a timer for twenty-five minutes. Focus intently for those twenty-five minutes and try to work as diligently as you can. After the timer goes off, give yourself a small, fun reward. A few of these sessio ...
... 8. Focus. Turn off all interrupting beeps and alarms on your phone and computer, and the turn on a timer for twenty-five minutes. Focus intently for those twenty-five minutes and try to work as diligently as you can. After the timer goes off, give yourself a small, fun reward. A few of these sessio ...
Heat
... Since enthalpy is a state function (path independent) the change in enthalpy for the combination of the first two processes has to be the same as the change in enthalpy for the third process. This is a simple example of a general principle called Hess’ law. ...
... Since enthalpy is a state function (path independent) the change in enthalpy for the combination of the first two processes has to be the same as the change in enthalpy for the third process. This is a simple example of a general principle called Hess’ law. ...
Lab 1
... You should get either 500,000 or 5 105 and either is correct. IF YOU DID NOT GET THAT ANSWER THEN…….read on………. DO NOT’s of Scientific calculators. 1. DO NOT USE the 10X key. DO NOT enter the above numbers as 1 times 102 times 5 times 103 even though you get the same answer….IT IS A WASTE OF KEY S ...
... You should get either 500,000 or 5 105 and either is correct. IF YOU DID NOT GET THAT ANSWER THEN…….read on………. DO NOT’s of Scientific calculators. 1. DO NOT USE the 10X key. DO NOT enter the above numbers as 1 times 102 times 5 times 103 even though you get the same answer….IT IS A WASTE OF KEY S ...
CHM203 - National Open University of Nigeria
... disintegration of the crystal structure and at the melting point a disorderly and random arrangement of particles, characteristic of a liquid, is obtained. Since the electrostatic forces holding the ions are very strong, they can be overcome only at high temperatures. Therefore, the ionic compounds ...
... disintegration of the crystal structure and at the melting point a disorderly and random arrangement of particles, characteristic of a liquid, is obtained. Since the electrostatic forces holding the ions are very strong, they can be overcome only at high temperatures. Therefore, the ionic compounds ...
Chem 2A Final Review
... 17. The amount of heat is required to raise 100.0 g of water from 1.00 C to 99.0C: [heat capacity of water = 1.00 cal/(g C)] is closet to: 18. Express 96,342 m using two significant figures a) 9.60 104 m b) 9.6 104 m c) 9.60 10-4 m d) 9.63 104 m e) 9.60 104 m ...
... 17. The amount of heat is required to raise 100.0 g of water from 1.00 C to 99.0C: [heat capacity of water = 1.00 cal/(g C)] is closet to: 18. Express 96,342 m using two significant figures a) 9.60 104 m b) 9.6 104 m c) 9.60 10-4 m d) 9.63 104 m e) 9.60 104 m ...
as a PDF
... Terminal olefins are more rapidly oxidized to the corresponding methyl ketones which are the only oxygenated product detected from this reaction. Neither terminal aldehydes nor internal ketones were observed as byproducts. Note that the reactivity of terminal olefins toward PPT corresponds more clos ...
... Terminal olefins are more rapidly oxidized to the corresponding methyl ketones which are the only oxygenated product detected from this reaction. Neither terminal aldehydes nor internal ketones were observed as byproducts. Note that the reactivity of terminal olefins toward PPT corresponds more clos ...
Acid - Net Texts
... acid strength. Oxoacids have the general formula HOX where X can be any atom and may or may not share bonds to other atoms. Increasing the number of electronegative atoms or groups on atom X decreases the electron density in the acidic bond, making the loss of the proton easier. Perchloric acid is a ...
... acid strength. Oxoacids have the general formula HOX where X can be any atom and may or may not share bonds to other atoms. Increasing the number of electronegative atoms or groups on atom X decreases the electron density in the acidic bond, making the loss of the proton easier. Perchloric acid is a ...
Section 4.8
... results from the combustion of fossil fuels. • This is the balanced equation for the combustion of octane (gasoline) • 2 C8H18 (l) + 25 O2 (g) → 16 CO2 (g) + 18 H2O (g) ...
... results from the combustion of fossil fuels. • This is the balanced equation for the combustion of octane (gasoline) • 2 C8H18 (l) + 25 O2 (g) → 16 CO2 (g) + 18 H2O (g) ...
Properties of Systems in Equilibrium - Le
... minutes, allowing all solid to settle to the bottom where it is easier to see. On your data sheet record the total volume of 0.3 M HCl needed to produce the solid. 6. Put the test tube containing the solid into your hot-water bath from Step 1. Stir the contents of the test tube gently for a few seco ...
... minutes, allowing all solid to settle to the bottom where it is easier to see. On your data sheet record the total volume of 0.3 M HCl needed to produce the solid. 6. Put the test tube containing the solid into your hot-water bath from Step 1. Stir the contents of the test tube gently for a few seco ...
51 Draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for a
... Base your answers to questions 70 through 72 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry. Paintball is a popular recreational activity that uses a metal tank of compressed carbon dioxide or nitrogen to launch small capsules of paint. A typical tank has a volume of 508 cubic centimet ...
... Base your answers to questions 70 through 72 on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry. Paintball is a popular recreational activity that uses a metal tank of compressed carbon dioxide or nitrogen to launch small capsules of paint. A typical tank has a volume of 508 cubic centimet ...
Lipid Hydroperoxide Activation of N-Hydroxy-N
... Bartsch and Hecker (2) for the latter system. The g value of the lower spectrum in Chart 1 appears to be slightly lower, but this is due to a slight shift in frequency between the 2 samples. Many separate experiments in which potassium nitrosodisülfonate was used as a standard have shown that the g ...
... Bartsch and Hecker (2) for the latter system. The g value of the lower spectrum in Chart 1 appears to be slightly lower, but this is due to a slight shift in frequency between the 2 samples. Many separate experiments in which potassium nitrosodisülfonate was used as a standard have shown that the g ...
Answers to NHSCE 2002 Part A Page 1
... H2S > H2Se > H2Te. This is largely due to the fact that the atoms become larger down the group so that the bonds with hydrogen become weaker. A similar effect might be expected in Group 17 with the acids HCl, HBr and HI, however these are all such strong acids that their pH values in aqueous solutio ...
... H2S > H2Se > H2Te. This is largely due to the fact that the atoms become larger down the group so that the bonds with hydrogen become weaker. A similar effect might be expected in Group 17 with the acids HCl, HBr and HI, however these are all such strong acids that their pH values in aqueous solutio ...
Energetics 5
... during respiration, when glucose reacts with oxygen. Modern lifestyles are dependent on the transfer of energy that occurs when fuels burn. As we explore the source of these energy changes, we will deepen our understanding of why bonds are broken and formed during a chemical reaction, and why electr ...
... during respiration, when glucose reacts with oxygen. Modern lifestyles are dependent on the transfer of energy that occurs when fuels burn. As we explore the source of these energy changes, we will deepen our understanding of why bonds are broken and formed during a chemical reaction, and why electr ...
GCSE - WordPress.com
... 4. Explain the following in terms of bonding and structure ideas :. (i) Silicon dioxide and carbon dioxide both contain covalent bonds but the former melts at 1700oC whereas the latter is a gas at 0oC. (ii) Sodium oxide, carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide are all poor conductors of electricity ...
... 4. Explain the following in terms of bonding and structure ideas :. (i) Silicon dioxide and carbon dioxide both contain covalent bonds but the former melts at 1700oC whereas the latter is a gas at 0oC. (ii) Sodium oxide, carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide are all poor conductors of electricity ...
Unit 8 Packet
... carbon dioxide are formed, how many moles of propane were burned? Equation: Before: Change After 3. Ammonia, NH3, for fertilizer is made by causing hydrogen and nitrogen to react at high temperature and pressure. How many moles of ammonia can be made from 0.15 moles of nitrogen gas? Equation: Before ...
... carbon dioxide are formed, how many moles of propane were burned? Equation: Before: Change After 3. Ammonia, NH3, for fertilizer is made by causing hydrogen and nitrogen to react at high temperature and pressure. How many moles of ammonia can be made from 0.15 moles of nitrogen gas? Equation: Before ...
Section 1 Forming New Substances Chapter 9
... Use (g) for gaseous substances. Use (s) for solids. Use (l) for liquids. Use (aq) for species in solution in water. Write the state of matter immediately following the formula of the substance it describes. ...
... Use (g) for gaseous substances. Use (s) for solids. Use (l) for liquids. Use (aq) for species in solution in water. Write the state of matter immediately following the formula of the substance it describes. ...
Slides
... Increases the rate of chemical reaction / biological process Remains unchanged Biomolecules that catalyze chemical reactions Usually proteins ...
... Increases the rate of chemical reaction / biological process Remains unchanged Biomolecules that catalyze chemical reactions Usually proteins ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.