Activation of Nitrous Oxide and Selective Epoxidation of Alkenes
... There is ongoing interest in oxidation catalyzed by polyoxometalates (POMs).10 Here, we describe the activation of N2O by a Mn(III)-substituted polyoxometalate, Q10[MnIII2ZnW(ZnW9O34)2] (Q ) (C8H17)3CH3N+), Figure 1, and subsequent highly selective catalytic epoxidation of alkenes. Previously, it wa ...
... There is ongoing interest in oxidation catalyzed by polyoxometalates (POMs).10 Here, we describe the activation of N2O by a Mn(III)-substituted polyoxometalate, Q10[MnIII2ZnW(ZnW9O34)2] (Q ) (C8H17)3CH3N+), Figure 1, and subsequent highly selective catalytic epoxidation of alkenes. Previously, it wa ...
Chap 4 - Bakersfield College
... – You will find it important to be able to identify an acid or base as strong or weak. – When you write an ionic equation, strong acids and bases are represented as separate ions. – Weak acids and bases are represented as undissociated “molecules” in ionic equations. ...
... – You will find it important to be able to identify an acid or base as strong or weak. – When you write an ionic equation, strong acids and bases are represented as separate ions. – Weak acids and bases are represented as undissociated “molecules” in ionic equations. ...
chapter10-bur.320702..
... Since enthalpy is a state function (path independent) the change in enthalpy for the combination of the first two processes has to be the same as the change in enthalpy for the third process. This is a simple example of a general principle called Hess’ law. ...
... Since enthalpy is a state function (path independent) the change in enthalpy for the combination of the first two processes has to be the same as the change in enthalpy for the third process. This is a simple example of a general principle called Hess’ law. ...
Scandium and Yttrium - Mercyhurst University
... resemble sunlight. As mentioned, scandium(III) triflate (Sc(CF3SO3)3) is a useful Lewis acid in organic synthesis as it is water-stable.1 Current Research Much like transition metals ions, scandium(III) and yttrium(III) will coordinate to a variety of ligands, including crown ethers, aza-crown ether ...
... resemble sunlight. As mentioned, scandium(III) triflate (Sc(CF3SO3)3) is a useful Lewis acid in organic synthesis as it is water-stable.1 Current Research Much like transition metals ions, scandium(III) and yttrium(III) will coordinate to a variety of ligands, including crown ethers, aza-crown ether ...
4.6 Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions Oxidation Reduction
... Identifying Redox Reactions First determine oxidation numbers of each species in the reaction and then identify the oxidation and reduction processes A. Oxidation and reduction occur together. Whenever an atom loses electrons (is oxidized) another atom must gain those electrons (be reduced). B. Redu ...
... Identifying Redox Reactions First determine oxidation numbers of each species in the reaction and then identify the oxidation and reduction processes A. Oxidation and reduction occur together. Whenever an atom loses electrons (is oxidized) another atom must gain those electrons (be reduced). B. Redu ...
ANSWERS Problem Set 5a – Chemical Reactions
... 26) What four elements are needed to run the synthesis reaction that forms the ionic compound ammonium sulfate? Nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur and oxygen 27) What does the activity series show? The activity series lists several metal elements in order of willingness to react. The elements at the top are ...
... 26) What four elements are needed to run the synthesis reaction that forms the ionic compound ammonium sulfate? Nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur and oxygen 27) What does the activity series show? The activity series lists several metal elements in order of willingness to react. The elements at the top are ...
chapter 15 acids and bases
... The positive root of the equation is x = 8.6 × 10 M. (Is this less than 5% of the original concentration, 0.00020 M? That is, is the acid more than 5% ionized?) The percent ionization is then: 8.6 × 10−5 M ...
... The positive root of the equation is x = 8.6 × 10 M. (Is this less than 5% of the original concentration, 0.00020 M? That is, is the acid more than 5% ionized?) The percent ionization is then: 8.6 × 10−5 M ...
Review - gbschemphys
... Suppose that a student wishes to solve a problem involving the determination of the mass of product produced if a given amount of moles of reactant was reacted. Which quantities would be essential in order to solve such a problem? Bubble in all that apply - but only those that are essential to this ...
... Suppose that a student wishes to solve a problem involving the determination of the mass of product produced if a given amount of moles of reactant was reacted. Which quantities would be essential in order to solve such a problem? Bubble in all that apply - but only those that are essential to this ...
Review Questions for 1st year chemistry
... hydrogen bonds? A. H2S B. H2O C. NH3 D. HF Answer: A Hydrogen bonds can occur when a hydrogen atom is attracted to either a nitrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an oxygen atom. ...
... hydrogen bonds? A. H2S B. H2O C. NH3 D. HF Answer: A Hydrogen bonds can occur when a hydrogen atom is attracted to either a nitrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an oxygen atom. ...
Thermochemistry
... 3· Define and apply the terms lattice enthalpy and electron affinity 4. Explain how the relative sizes and the charges of ions affect the lattice enthalpies of different ionic compounds 5. Construct a Born-Haber cycle for group 1 and group 2 oxides and chlorides, and use it to calculate an enthalpy ...
... 3· Define and apply the terms lattice enthalpy and electron affinity 4. Explain how the relative sizes and the charges of ions affect the lattice enthalpies of different ionic compounds 5. Construct a Born-Haber cycle for group 1 and group 2 oxides and chlorides, and use it to calculate an enthalpy ...
Stoichiometry
... from the reaction of 0.10 mole of Mg3N2? • How many moles of NH3 would be produced from the reaction of 500. g of Mg3N2? • How many molecules of water would be required to react with 3.64 g of Mg3N2? • What is the maximum number of grams of Mg(OH)2 that can be produced by the reaction of 10.0 g of M ...
... from the reaction of 0.10 mole of Mg3N2? • How many moles of NH3 would be produced from the reaction of 500. g of Mg3N2? • How many molecules of water would be required to react with 3.64 g of Mg3N2? • What is the maximum number of grams of Mg(OH)2 that can be produced by the reaction of 10.0 g of M ...
C:\D\Books\Cambridge University Press\CUP Problems\Problems.wpd
... have the composition C18H19O9N. This waste can be oxidized by aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in two ways: a without and b with nitrification. Write balanced reaction equations and find the maximum biological oxygen demand for the two cases. 98. Calculate the maximum biological oxygen demand without ...
... have the composition C18H19O9N. This waste can be oxidized by aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria in two ways: a without and b with nitrification. Write balanced reaction equations and find the maximum biological oxygen demand for the two cases. 98. Calculate the maximum biological oxygen demand without ...
NO - Blue Devil Chem
... HClO, perchlorous acid is a weak acid. KCl, AlCl3 are salts and you might think are equally conductive, but because AlCl3 dissociates into 4 ions (Al+3 and 3 Cl−) it produces more ions per equal concentration and thus is a more conductive solution. AlCl3 < C3H7OH < KCl
... HClO, perchlorous acid is a weak acid. KCl, AlCl3 are salts and you might think are equally conductive, but because AlCl3 dissociates into 4 ions (Al+3 and 3 Cl−) it produces more ions per equal concentration and thus is a more conductive solution. AlCl3 < C3H7OH < KCl
Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions
... comparing the oxidation number of an atom before and after reaction allows us to determine whether the atom has gained or lost electrons convenient way to keep track of electrons in a redox reaction ...
... comparing the oxidation number of an atom before and after reaction allows us to determine whether the atom has gained or lost electrons convenient way to keep track of electrons in a redox reaction ...
I- Introduction
... Analytical chemistry has bounds which are amongst the widest of any technological discipline. An analyst must be able to design, carry out, and interpret his measurements within the context of the fundamental technological problem with which he is presented. The selection and utilization of suitable ...
... Analytical chemistry has bounds which are amongst the widest of any technological discipline. An analyst must be able to design, carry out, and interpret his measurements within the context of the fundamental technological problem with which he is presented. The selection and utilization of suitable ...
honors chemistry harvard-westlake second semester final exam
... 36. What is the molar mass of glucose if 22.5 g gives a freezing point of -0.930oC when dissolved in 250 g (to the nearest 1 g) of water? (Kf for water is 1.86oC/m) 37. The solubility product constant, Ksp, for silver bromide, AgBr, is 4.8 x 10-13. When equal volumes of 2.0 x 10-3 M AgNO3 and 2.0 x ...
... 36. What is the molar mass of glucose if 22.5 g gives a freezing point of -0.930oC when dissolved in 250 g (to the nearest 1 g) of water? (Kf for water is 1.86oC/m) 37. The solubility product constant, Ksp, for silver bromide, AgBr, is 4.8 x 10-13. When equal volumes of 2.0 x 10-3 M AgNO3 and 2.0 x ...
File
... the efficiency of the transformations. o 3.B.1 Synthesis reactions are those in which atoms and/or molecules combine to form a new compound. Decomposition is the reverse of synthesis’ a process whereby molecules are decomposed, often by the use of heat. ...
... the efficiency of the transformations. o 3.B.1 Synthesis reactions are those in which atoms and/or molecules combine to form a new compound. Decomposition is the reverse of synthesis’ a process whereby molecules are decomposed, often by the use of heat. ...
Net ionic equation
... 2) Atoms in elemental forms have an oxidation number of 0. 3) Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 when bonded with nonmetals (molecular compounds) and -1 when combined with metals (ionic compounds). ...
... 2) Atoms in elemental forms have an oxidation number of 0. 3) Hydrogen has an oxidation number of +1 when bonded with nonmetals (molecular compounds) and -1 when combined with metals (ionic compounds). ...
A Plausible Simultaneous Synthesis of Amino Acids and Simple
... Laboratory studies have shown that, even under neutral conditions, amino acid synthesis is efficient.[4] A combination of Millers pioneering 1953 experiment[1] and the subsequent findings of extraterrestrial organic compounds in meteorites[6] indicates that the synthesis of prebiotic organic compou ...
... Laboratory studies have shown that, even under neutral conditions, amino acid synthesis is efficient.[4] A combination of Millers pioneering 1953 experiment[1] and the subsequent findings of extraterrestrial organic compounds in meteorites[6] indicates that the synthesis of prebiotic organic compou ...
15.0 EquilibriumIHS2014
... 1.2K: Identify, write and interpret chemical equations for systems at equilibrium 1.4K: Define Kc to predict the extent of the reaction and write equilibrium-law expressions for given chemical equations, using lowest whole-number coefficients ...
... 1.2K: Identify, write and interpret chemical equations for systems at equilibrium 1.4K: Define Kc to predict the extent of the reaction and write equilibrium-law expressions for given chemical equations, using lowest whole-number coefficients ...
OCR Gateway Science
... (a) Explain why solid calcium chloride does not conduct electricity. (b) What condition is needed to electrolyse pure calcium chloride? State the electrode products at the anode and cathode. (c) Predict the electrode products when a very dilute solution of calcium chloride in water is electrolysed. ...
... (a) Explain why solid calcium chloride does not conduct electricity. (b) What condition is needed to electrolyse pure calcium chloride? State the electrode products at the anode and cathode. (c) Predict the electrode products when a very dilute solution of calcium chloride in water is electrolysed. ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.