Le Chatelier`s Principle Notes
... to only count the number of moles of GASES on each side of the equation. Solids, liquids, and aqueous solutions will not be affected by changing pressure and volume. Here's an example. Predict the effect on equilibrium when the pressure is increased for the following reaction: N2O4 (g ) ...
... to only count the number of moles of GASES on each side of the equation. Solids, liquids, and aqueous solutions will not be affected by changing pressure and volume. Here's an example. Predict the effect on equilibrium when the pressure is increased for the following reaction: N2O4 (g ) ...
Document
... proton to another species in a proton-transfer reaction Brønsted–Lowry Base The species (molecule or ion) that accepts a proton from another species in a proton-transfer reaction ...
... proton to another species in a proton-transfer reaction Brønsted–Lowry Base The species (molecule or ion) that accepts a proton from another species in a proton-transfer reaction ...
AP Chemistry Summer Study Guide
... Galvanic / Voltaic Cell: Redox reaction that is spontaneous Gamma Ray: 0 protons, mass number = 0, Low ionizing ability, high energy Halogen: Elements in group 17. Form halides as ions Hydrogen Bonding: Strong dipole that results when H is bonded to F, O, or N Indirect relationship: Relationship bet ...
... Galvanic / Voltaic Cell: Redox reaction that is spontaneous Gamma Ray: 0 protons, mass number = 0, Low ionizing ability, high energy Halogen: Elements in group 17. Form halides as ions Hydrogen Bonding: Strong dipole that results when H is bonded to F, O, or N Indirect relationship: Relationship bet ...
CH 14-15 Chapter 14-15 review wkey
... given below. For an experiment in which the starting concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.110 M, what is the concentration of H2O2 450 minutes after the reaction begins? 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 k=1.33 x 10-4 min-1 a) 0.0961 M b) 0.104 M c) 0.117 M ...
... given below. For an experiment in which the starting concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 0.110 M, what is the concentration of H2O2 450 minutes after the reaction begins? 2H2O2 2H2O + O2 k=1.33 x 10-4 min-1 a) 0.0961 M b) 0.104 M c) 0.117 M ...
The student will
... The student will complete assignments/activities that show they: 1 . Can list the factors that influence the rate of a chemical reaction. 2. Can use experimental data to determine the rate law, determine the order of the reaction, and to define proper units for the constant. 3. Can compare and contr ...
... The student will complete assignments/activities that show they: 1 . Can list the factors that influence the rate of a chemical reaction. 2. Can use experimental data to determine the rate law, determine the order of the reaction, and to define proper units for the constant. 3. Can compare and contr ...
Revised Syllabus - M. Sc. First Year - Chemistry
... b) NGP by pi and sigma bonds, classical and non-classical carbocations, phenonium ions, norbornyl system, carbocation rearrangement in NGP, SNi mechanism, c) effect of structure, nucleophile, leaving group, solvent on rate of SN1 and SN2 reactions, ambident nucleophile, Phase transfer catalysis and ...
... b) NGP by pi and sigma bonds, classical and non-classical carbocations, phenonium ions, norbornyl system, carbocation rearrangement in NGP, SNi mechanism, c) effect of structure, nucleophile, leaving group, solvent on rate of SN1 and SN2 reactions, ambident nucleophile, Phase transfer catalysis and ...
Name: 1) At 1 atmosphere and 298 K, 1 mole of H O(l) molecules
... At equilibrium, nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia gases form a mixture in a sealed container. The data table below gives some characteristics of these substances. ...
... At equilibrium, nitrogen, hydrogen, and ammonia gases form a mixture in a sealed container. The data table below gives some characteristics of these substances. ...
Density of solutions answers The concentration of solutions is often
... Prepare solutions of sodium chloride in distilled water consisting of the following percentage by weight: 5%,10%,15%,20%,25%. Prepare 25 g of each solution (you do not have to prepare 100g of each solution to be able to use the percentage composition). Make the weight determination of solute and sol ...
... Prepare solutions of sodium chloride in distilled water consisting of the following percentage by weight: 5%,10%,15%,20%,25%. Prepare 25 g of each solution (you do not have to prepare 100g of each solution to be able to use the percentage composition). Make the weight determination of solute and sol ...
Renal Physiology 9 (Acid Base 1)
... BASES (a.k.a. alkalis) – ions or molecules that can ACCEPT H+ (e.g., HCO3- + H+ H2CO3). • STRONG bases – dissociate easily in H2O and quickly bind H+. • WEAK bases – accept H+ more slowly (e.g., HCO3- and NH3) Proteins in body function as weak bases as some constituent AMINO ACIDS have net negat ...
... BASES (a.k.a. alkalis) – ions or molecules that can ACCEPT H+ (e.g., HCO3- + H+ H2CO3). • STRONG bases – dissociate easily in H2O and quickly bind H+. • WEAK bases – accept H+ more slowly (e.g., HCO3- and NH3) Proteins in body function as weak bases as some constituent AMINO ACIDS have net negat ...
Chemistry Module 1- Basic Revision Notes 1.1a Atomic Structure 1.1
... 1.1.3 Elements (H, He, Li, Be,…..) are the basic building blocks of all matter, and cannot be broken down into simpler parts by chemical means. 1.1.4 There is a clear relationship between an elements electronic structure and its position in the periodic table. P E r i o d ...
... 1.1.3 Elements (H, He, Li, Be,…..) are the basic building blocks of all matter, and cannot be broken down into simpler parts by chemical means. 1.1.4 There is a clear relationship between an elements electronic structure and its position in the periodic table. P E r i o d ...
General Chemistry Review Problems
... t. sodium chloride reacts with fluorine to produce sodium fluoride and chlorine in a single replacement reaction. u. hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. v. silver nitrate and magnesium chloride react to produce silver chloride and magnesium nitrate. w. aluminum bromide reacts with potassium s ...
... t. sodium chloride reacts with fluorine to produce sodium fluoride and chlorine in a single replacement reaction. u. hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. v. silver nitrate and magnesium chloride react to produce silver chloride and magnesium nitrate. w. aluminum bromide reacts with potassium s ...
AP Chem Chapter 16 Review Packet
... harvesting the hydrogen for fuel. The free energy of this reaction is so positive that there is no hope of causing the reaction to occur without coupling it to another process. For example, it has been proposed that the reaction can be promoted by first reacting silver with water to produce hydrogen ...
... harvesting the hydrogen for fuel. The free energy of this reaction is so positive that there is no hope of causing the reaction to occur without coupling it to another process. For example, it has been proposed that the reaction can be promoted by first reacting silver with water to produce hydrogen ...
(Acid Base 1).
... 2. The acid in question, if we have two equally concentrated solutions of acids, the solution of a strong acid will have a lower pH than that of a weak acid, because it is more fully dissociated and therefore produces more H3O+ ions. HCl, for example, is completely dissociated. ...
... 2. The acid in question, if we have two equally concentrated solutions of acids, the solution of a strong acid will have a lower pH than that of a weak acid, because it is more fully dissociated and therefore produces more H3O+ ions. HCl, for example, is completely dissociated. ...
Glossary (PDF file)
... neon are all types of elements. Each element is made up of one kind of atom. A copper atom is different from a gold atom. group A column on the periodic table. The elements in a group on the periodic table have similar properties. For example, fluorine and chlorine are in the same group. Both element ...
... neon are all types of elements. Each element is made up of one kind of atom. A copper atom is different from a gold atom. group A column on the periodic table. The elements in a group on the periodic table have similar properties. For example, fluorine and chlorine are in the same group. Both element ...
Chemistry Final Exam Review 2006-2007
... a) What is the specific heat of a metal that releases 2500 J of energy. The metal has a mass of 25 g and had a temperature change of 5C. b) How much heat is released when iron is dropped in a beaker of water. The mass of the metal was 43 g and the initial temperature of the metal was 78 C. The water ...
... a) What is the specific heat of a metal that releases 2500 J of energy. The metal has a mass of 25 g and had a temperature change of 5C. b) How much heat is released when iron is dropped in a beaker of water. The mass of the metal was 43 g and the initial temperature of the metal was 78 C. The water ...
Chem Review
... 12. Valence electrons are in which orbitals? a. Inner most s and d orbitals b. Outermost f and g orbitals c. Innermost s and p orbitals d. Outermost s, p and d orbitals e. Outermost s and p orbitals 13. Which of the following is not true? a. Valence electrons help to determine how an element reacts. ...
... 12. Valence electrons are in which orbitals? a. Inner most s and d orbitals b. Outermost f and g orbitals c. Innermost s and p orbitals d. Outermost s, p and d orbitals e. Outermost s and p orbitals 13. Which of the following is not true? a. Valence electrons help to determine how an element reacts. ...
Honors Chemistry Semester 1 Exam Review
... 11. Why are there no negative temperatures in the Kelvin system? __________________________________________ 12. Which statement describes characteristics of an endothermic reaction? __The sign of H is positive, and the products have less potential energy than the reactants. __The sign of H is positi ...
... 11. Why are there no negative temperatures in the Kelvin system? __________________________________________ 12. Which statement describes characteristics of an endothermic reaction? __The sign of H is positive, and the products have less potential energy than the reactants. __The sign of H is positi ...
Document
... Pre-steady-state kinetics vs steady-state kinetics 1. The order of binding of substrates and release of product serves to define the reactants present at the active site during catalysis: it does not establish the kinetically preferred order of substrate addition and product release or allow conclu ...
... Pre-steady-state kinetics vs steady-state kinetics 1. The order of binding of substrates and release of product serves to define the reactants present at the active site during catalysis: it does not establish the kinetically preferred order of substrate addition and product release or allow conclu ...
Lewis acid catalysis
In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.