... 12. (12 pts) Please do one of the following two choices. Please indicate your choice: Choice A: A fictitious enzyme can utilize the energy associate with a glucose gradient across the cell membrane to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi. The standard free energy for hydrolysis of ATP is -30 kJ/mol. i) Wh ...
H3AsO4 + 3 I- + 2 H3O+ H3AsO3 + I3- + H2O
... Bonds are classified into three broad groups: ionic bonds are the result of electrostatic forces between cations and anions; covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between non-metal atoms; and metallic bonds, which bind metal cations with mutually shared valence electrons. Bonds involve the i ...
... Bonds are classified into three broad groups: ionic bonds are the result of electrostatic forces between cations and anions; covalent bonds form when electrons are shared between non-metal atoms; and metallic bonds, which bind metal cations with mutually shared valence electrons. Bonds involve the i ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... Oxidation of one molecule of NADH gives rise to 3 molecules of ATP, while that of one molecule of FADH2 produces 2 molecules of ATP. Although the aerobic process of respiration takes place only in the presence of oxygen, the role of oxygen is limited to the terminal stage of the process. Yet, the pr ...
... Oxidation of one molecule of NADH gives rise to 3 molecules of ATP, while that of one molecule of FADH2 produces 2 molecules of ATP. Although the aerobic process of respiration takes place only in the presence of oxygen, the role of oxygen is limited to the terminal stage of the process. Yet, the pr ...
Lesson Overview
... Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things are known as heterotrophs. Some heterotrophs get their food by eating plants. Other heterotrophs, such as this cheetah, obtain food from plants indirectly by feeding on plant-eating animals. Still other heterotrophs, such as mushrooms, obta ...
... Organisms that obtain food by consuming other living things are known as heterotrophs. Some heterotrophs get their food by eating plants. Other heterotrophs, such as this cheetah, obtain food from plants indirectly by feeding on plant-eating animals. Still other heterotrophs, such as mushrooms, obta ...
Slide 1
... 6.5 It’s all about ELECTRONS! Cellular respiration takes electrons from glucose and uses them to make ATP in a multi-step pathway When the carbon-hydrogen bonds of glucose are broken, electrons are transferred to oxygen (oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons) Only 40% of energy in gluc ...
... 6.5 It’s all about ELECTRONS! Cellular respiration takes electrons from glucose and uses them to make ATP in a multi-step pathway When the carbon-hydrogen bonds of glucose are broken, electrons are transferred to oxygen (oxygen has a strong attraction for electrons) Only 40% of energy in gluc ...
7 | cellular respiration
... GLUT proteins, and it can no longer leave the cell because the negatively charged phosphate will not allow it to cross the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane. Step 2. In the second step of glycolysis, an isomerase converts glucose-6-phosphate into one of its isomers, fructose-6-phosphate. A ...
... GLUT proteins, and it can no longer leave the cell because the negatively charged phosphate will not allow it to cross the hydrophobic interior of the plasma membrane. Step 2. In the second step of glycolysis, an isomerase converts glucose-6-phosphate into one of its isomers, fructose-6-phosphate. A ...
ch24a_wcr
... 2 The electrons are transferred from one complex to another in the membrane. Each complex is reduced and then oxidized, releasing energy that is used to pump H+ into the intermembrane space. This creates an electrochemical gradient between the matrix and the intermembrane space. Coenzyme Q (ubiquino ...
... 2 The electrons are transferred from one complex to another in the membrane. Each complex is reduced and then oxidized, releasing energy that is used to pump H+ into the intermembrane space. This creates an electrochemical gradient between the matrix and the intermembrane space. Coenzyme Q (ubiquino ...
UNIT NUM="1" ID="UN
... charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. It takes work to move a given electron farther away from the nucleus, so the more distant an electron is from the nucleus, the greater its potential energy. Unlike the continuous flow of water downhill, changes in the potential energ ...
... charged electrons are attracted to the positively charged nucleus. It takes work to move a given electron farther away from the nucleus, so the more distant an electron is from the nucleus, the greater its potential energy. Unlike the continuous flow of water downhill, changes in the potential energ ...
Lecture Chpt. 08 Metabol
... chemical energy was not created, and will not be destroyed… but it can change forms ...
... chemical energy was not created, and will not be destroyed… but it can change forms ...
Document
... 1. A pipette-filler is added to the volumetric pipette. 2. Some of the solution is drawn into the pipette. The pipette is tilted and rotated so that all the surfaces are rinsed in the solution. 3. The rinsing solution is then discarded. 4. The solution is drawn into the pipette until the bottom of t ...
... 1. A pipette-filler is added to the volumetric pipette. 2. Some of the solution is drawn into the pipette. The pipette is tilted and rotated so that all the surfaces are rinsed in the solution. 3. The rinsing solution is then discarded. 4. The solution is drawn into the pipette until the bottom of t ...
CARBOHYDRATES: METABOLISM (cont.)
... • Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) and enters the citric acid cycle after losing carbon dioxide (CO2) and transferring some energy to NADH • Citric acid cycle is a repeating (cyclic) sequence of reactions that occurs inside the inner chamber of a mitochondrion ...
... • Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) is converted into acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) and enters the citric acid cycle after losing carbon dioxide (CO2) and transferring some energy to NADH • Citric acid cycle is a repeating (cyclic) sequence of reactions that occurs inside the inner chamber of a mitochondrion ...
Transaminase. There are many types for each amino acid. They are
... ● If you start from a substrate in the mitochondria such as AH2 that gets oxidized to A, then the first carrier is going to be a carrier of hydrogen. ● When the reducing equivalent reaches the outside surface of the membrane, the next carrier could be a carrier of electrons and cannot get reduced by ...
... ● If you start from a substrate in the mitochondria such as AH2 that gets oxidized to A, then the first carrier is going to be a carrier of hydrogen. ● When the reducing equivalent reaches the outside surface of the membrane, the next carrier could be a carrier of electrons and cannot get reduced by ...
Fuel Basics
... Can supply ATP to muscle for up to 1 -2 minutes Carbohydrate (glucose) is the only energy nutrient that can be used to make the ATP As ATP is produced, lactic acid accumulates & can impair muscle function, cause fatigue. When oxygen is available, lactic acid is burned as fuel. ...
... Can supply ATP to muscle for up to 1 -2 minutes Carbohydrate (glucose) is the only energy nutrient that can be used to make the ATP As ATP is produced, lactic acid accumulates & can impair muscle function, cause fatigue. When oxygen is available, lactic acid is burned as fuel. ...
respiration in plants
... the energy stored in NADH+H+ and FADH2. This is accomplished when they are oxidised through the electron transport system and the electrons are passed on to O2 resulting in the formation of H2O. The metabolic pathway through which the electron passes from one carrier to another, is called the electr ...
... the energy stored in NADH+H+ and FADH2. This is accomplished when they are oxidised through the electron transport system and the electrons are passed on to O2 resulting in the formation of H2O. The metabolic pathway through which the electron passes from one carrier to another, is called the electr ...
Citric Acid cycle or Tricarboxylic Acid cycle or Krebs Cycle
... 2. Binding of Oxaloacetate to the enzyme results in conformational change which facilitates the binding of the next substrate, the acetyl Coenzyme A. There is a further conformational change which leads to formation of products. This mechanism of reaction is referred as induced fit model. ...
... 2. Binding of Oxaloacetate to the enzyme results in conformational change which facilitates the binding of the next substrate, the acetyl Coenzyme A. There is a further conformational change which leads to formation of products. This mechanism of reaction is referred as induced fit model. ...
Anaerobic Respiration Gibb`s Free Energy PPT
... Lactic Acid Fermentation • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP wh ...
... Lactic Acid Fermentation • In lactic acid fermentation, pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2 • Lactic acid fermentation by some fungi and bacteria is used to make cheese and yogurt • Human muscle cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate ATP wh ...
A leaf has been kept in the light for five days. What colour will it be
... Leaves have a green colour because they contain a pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs light energy. ...
... Leaves have a green colour because they contain a pigment called chlorophyll that absorbs light energy. ...
Glycolysis PP
... • Glycolysis certainly evolved in prokaryotes before oxygenation of the atmosphere • Probably one of the very first complex biochemical pathways (>3.5 BYA) • Evidence? – Almost universal. – No requirement for O2: it is an anaerobic process, even when used by aerobic organisms. – Must predate photosy ...
... • Glycolysis certainly evolved in prokaryotes before oxygenation of the atmosphere • Probably one of the very first complex biochemical pathways (>3.5 BYA) • Evidence? – Almost universal. – No requirement for O2: it is an anaerobic process, even when used by aerobic organisms. – Must predate photosy ...
Chapter 10 - Clayton State University
... Copper-Containing Cytochromes (continued) • The iron-copper center plays a critical role in keeping an O2 molecule bound to the cytochrome oxidase complex • The oxygen is held there until it has picked up four electrons and four protons, at which point two water molecules are released ...
... Copper-Containing Cytochromes (continued) • The iron-copper center plays a critical role in keeping an O2 molecule bound to the cytochrome oxidase complex • The oxygen is held there until it has picked up four electrons and four protons, at which point two water molecules are released ...
Chapter 3
... – Storage is structural (no extra depot) – Carbons are available – Not a primary energy source during exercise (too expensive) – But usable – long duration exercise (up to ...
... – Storage is structural (no extra depot) – Carbons are available – Not a primary energy source during exercise (too expensive) – But usable – long duration exercise (up to ...
ATP ENERGY PRODUCTION - SHMD 339: Exercise Physiology 3
... • The H2 atoms removed in stage 2 are transported by coenzymes to the inner membrane of the mitochondria. • Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to accept e- from glucose ...
... • The H2 atoms removed in stage 2 are transported by coenzymes to the inner membrane of the mitochondria. • Uses coenzymes NAD+ and FAD+ to accept e- from glucose ...
Computational Study of protonation of ozone
... by recycling. When this was done the technical and economic assessment of energy costs on the disposal. Was shown the economic feasibility of the use of technological methods of separation of aromatic hydrocarbons contained in the effluent from the subsequent use of ozonation technology for final cl ...
... by recycling. When this was done the technical and economic assessment of energy costs on the disposal. Was shown the economic feasibility of the use of technological methods of separation of aromatic hydrocarbons contained in the effluent from the subsequent use of ozonation technology for final cl ...