Lecture 3
... • NAD+ (oxidized form) needed for the 6th step in glycolysis • So, during high rates of energy turnover, NAD+ must be formed via the conversion of pyruvate to lactate to keep glycolysis running ...
... • NAD+ (oxidized form) needed for the 6th step in glycolysis • So, during high rates of energy turnover, NAD+ must be formed via the conversion of pyruvate to lactate to keep glycolysis running ...
Chapter 8 Cellular Respiration
... H eventually enters electron transport chain, used to produce ATP, then combines with O2 to make water. CO2 dissolves in cytoplasm, eventually carried away in blood. Mills AP Bio 2012 ...
... H eventually enters electron transport chain, used to produce ATP, then combines with O2 to make water. CO2 dissolves in cytoplasm, eventually carried away in blood. Mills AP Bio 2012 ...
Bioenergetics and ioenergetics and Metabolism etabolism
... normally be in the form of ATP or a reduced coenzyme (NADH, NADPH). It is noteworthy that the usefulness of ATP as an energy source is not a consequence of any special or ‘high energy’ form of the phosphate bond, but is merely a function of how far the hydrolysis of ATP is displaced from ...
... normally be in the form of ATP or a reduced coenzyme (NADH, NADPH). It is noteworthy that the usefulness of ATP as an energy source is not a consequence of any special or ‘high energy’ form of the phosphate bond, but is merely a function of how far the hydrolysis of ATP is displaced from ...
6-22 Reaction centres - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... • Evolution of PSII in cyanobacteria provided mechanism for using H2O as source of e– – production of O2 as by-product changed composition of ...
... • Evolution of PSII in cyanobacteria provided mechanism for using H2O as source of e– – production of O2 as by-product changed composition of ...
Lesson 4.4 Anaerobic Respiration version 2
... oxygen is being used up quicker than it can be supplied, so an oxygen debt occurs. In the absence of oxygen glycolysis would usually stop as there would be a build up of reduced NAD. For glycolysis to continue, reduced NAD must be converted into NAD. This happens when pyruvate takes up 2 hydrogen at ...
... oxygen is being used up quicker than it can be supplied, so an oxygen debt occurs. In the absence of oxygen glycolysis would usually stop as there would be a build up of reduced NAD. For glycolysis to continue, reduced NAD must be converted into NAD. This happens when pyruvate takes up 2 hydrogen at ...
Basic Enzymology
... of catalytic molecules) • Enzymes have molecular weight ranging form 20,000 - 1 million • Some enzymes require no chemical group other than their amino acid residue for activity. • Some enzymes may require an additional chemical compound ...
... of catalytic molecules) • Enzymes have molecular weight ranging form 20,000 - 1 million • Some enzymes require no chemical group other than their amino acid residue for activity. • Some enzymes may require an additional chemical compound ...
Molecular geometry
... Valence bond theory (VB): An advanced model of chemical bonding in which electrons reside in quantum-mechanical orbitals localized on individual atoms that are a hybridized blend of standard atomic orbitals; chemical bonds result from an overlap of these orbitals. Molecular orbital theory (MO): ...
... Valence bond theory (VB): An advanced model of chemical bonding in which electrons reside in quantum-mechanical orbitals localized on individual atoms that are a hybridized blend of standard atomic orbitals; chemical bonds result from an overlap of these orbitals. Molecular orbital theory (MO): ...
S1 Appendix: Analysis of diffusion pathlength effects The
... Table A: Estimated log effect size of elevated levels of pCO2 relative to photosynthetic rates ...
... Table A: Estimated log effect size of elevated levels of pCO2 relative to photosynthetic rates ...
Details of the Antioxidant Mechanism of Hydroxycinnamic Acids
... the inhibition of DNA strand breakage was as follows: FA > SA > CA > 4-HCA > 3-HCA (Figure 5B), which is different from that obtained by kinetic measurement in GO•-scavenging reaction. This indicates that the microenvironment of the reaction media has a significant influence on the antioxidant activ ...
... the inhibition of DNA strand breakage was as follows: FA > SA > CA > 4-HCA > 3-HCA (Figure 5B), which is different from that obtained by kinetic measurement in GO•-scavenging reaction. This indicates that the microenvironment of the reaction media has a significant influence on the antioxidant activ ...
Book Problems Chapter 2
... (a) ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi The transporter must include a cytosolic nucleotide binding site that changes its conformation when its bound ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP. This conformational change must be communicated to the membrane-spanning portion of the protein, where the transported substrate binds. (b) ...
... (a) ATP + H2O → ADP + Pi The transporter must include a cytosolic nucleotide binding site that changes its conformation when its bound ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP. This conformational change must be communicated to the membrane-spanning portion of the protein, where the transported substrate binds. (b) ...
Anatomy and Physiology, 5/e Chapter 27: Nutrition and Metabolism
... vitamins and minerals. Metabolism, on the other hand, is basically the use the body makes of foods after they have been digested, absorbed, and circulated to the cells. These two definitions are essential distinctions to be made before moving into the heart of the digestive system physiology. Metabo ...
... vitamins and minerals. Metabolism, on the other hand, is basically the use the body makes of foods after they have been digested, absorbed, and circulated to the cells. These two definitions are essential distinctions to be made before moving into the heart of the digestive system physiology. Metabo ...
An Introduction to Metabolism
... also known as the principle of conservation of energy. The electric company does not make energy, but merely converts it to a form that is convenient for us to use. By converting sunlight to chemical energy, a plant acts as an energy transformer, not an energy producer. ...
... also known as the principle of conservation of energy. The electric company does not make energy, but merely converts it to a form that is convenient for us to use. By converting sunlight to chemical energy, a plant acts as an energy transformer, not an energy producer. ...
ATP - IS MU
... Autotrophic cells ("self-feeding" cells) – green leaf cells of plants and photosynthetic bacteria – utilize CO2 from the atmosphere as the sole source of carbon for construction of all their carbon-containing biomolecules. They absorb energy of the sunlight. The synthesis of organic compounds is ess ...
... Autotrophic cells ("self-feeding" cells) – green leaf cells of plants and photosynthetic bacteria – utilize CO2 from the atmosphere as the sole source of carbon for construction of all their carbon-containing biomolecules. They absorb energy of the sunlight. The synthesis of organic compounds is ess ...
Lecture 15 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... The citric acid cycle itself does not generate a large amount of ATP, instead it removes electrons from Acetyl CoA forming NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers yield nine ATP molecules when oxidized by oxidative phosphorylation. Electrons released in the re-oxidation of NADH and FADH2 flow throu ...
... The citric acid cycle itself does not generate a large amount of ATP, instead it removes electrons from Acetyl CoA forming NADH and FADH2. These electron carriers yield nine ATP molecules when oxidized by oxidative phosphorylation. Electrons released in the re-oxidation of NADH and FADH2 flow throu ...
Roberts, LM Dept. of Chemistry California State
... SPRING, 2007 DISCLAIMER: This review sheet is a guide only. The majority of the exam will focus in these areas but I may push beyond what’s listed here in certain instances. You may use this sheet at your own risk. FORMAT: The final exam will be all Scantron and will involve True/False and Multiple ...
... SPRING, 2007 DISCLAIMER: This review sheet is a guide only. The majority of the exam will focus in these areas but I may push beyond what’s listed here in certain instances. You may use this sheet at your own risk. FORMAT: The final exam will be all Scantron and will involve True/False and Multiple ...
The Chromatophores of Photosynthetic Bacteria
... a considerable degree of flexibility. The composition of chromatophores is strikingly similar to that of the electron transport particles of non-photosynthetic bacteria, which may be derived from the cytoplasmic membrane (Marr, 1960). There is indeed evidence that chromatophores are closely associat ...
... a considerable degree of flexibility. The composition of chromatophores is strikingly similar to that of the electron transport particles of non-photosynthetic bacteria, which may be derived from the cytoplasmic membrane (Marr, 1960). There is indeed evidence that chromatophores are closely associat ...
Biology 6 Test 1 Study Guide
... i. Occurs on a membrane. (Fig. 5.15) ii. Converts energy carried by NADH and FADH2 to ATP (3/NAD, 2/FAD) (Fig. 5.16) iii. Chemiosmosis – production of ATP by a proton (H+) gradient. 1. Protons have been pumped into inter/outer-membrane space. High concentration drives movement of protons back acros ...
... i. Occurs on a membrane. (Fig. 5.15) ii. Converts energy carried by NADH and FADH2 to ATP (3/NAD, 2/FAD) (Fig. 5.16) iii. Chemiosmosis – production of ATP by a proton (H+) gradient. 1. Protons have been pumped into inter/outer-membrane space. High concentration drives movement of protons back acros ...
Respiration
... with specific binding site for the substrate and different cofactors. Since this reaction links glycolysis with TCA it is also termed as link reaction. Pyruvate in this reaction is changed to acetyle COA with the removal of CO2 and a pair of hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms released combine with N ...
... with specific binding site for the substrate and different cofactors. Since this reaction links glycolysis with TCA it is also termed as link reaction. Pyruvate in this reaction is changed to acetyle COA with the removal of CO2 and a pair of hydrogen atoms. The hydrogen atoms released combine with N ...
Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine
... ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids, as well as by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is ava ...
... ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids, as well as by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is ava ...
Krebs cycle - Groby Bio Page
... 2 Idea that it is used to link reactions (1); idea that energy is released as a result of the activity of one enzyme and used by another enzyme (1). ...
... 2 Idea that it is used to link reactions (1); idea that energy is released as a result of the activity of one enzyme and used by another enzyme (1). ...
Selected Solutions to End of Chapter 13 Problems
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
Ch13.doc
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
... below, -32.5kJ/mole in the EOC problem) which is clearly more than ATP + H2O ADP + Pi (30 kJ/mole) which means the usually ATP hydrolysis reaction can not drive the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from acetate + CoA. So, now check out Table 13-6, see below.. The ΔGo’ for ATP + H2O AMP + PPi is -45.6 kJ/ ...
Cell Energy (GPC)
... energy may be transferred from place to place or transformed into dierent forms, but it cannot be created or destroyed. The transfers and transformations of energy take place around us all the time. Light bulbs transform electrical energy into light and heat energy. Gas stoves transform chemical en ...
... energy may be transferred from place to place or transformed into dierent forms, but it cannot be created or destroyed. The transfers and transformations of energy take place around us all the time. Light bulbs transform electrical energy into light and heat energy. Gas stoves transform chemical en ...
Mitochondrial Biogenesis - Liberation Chiropractic and Wellness
... 1 Mitochondrion (singular), Mitochondria (pleural) – inside most cells are organelles known as ‘mitochondria’ that often referred to as “cellular power plants” because they generate most of the cell’s adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is the source of the body’s chemical energy. Mitochondria are a ...
... 1 Mitochondrion (singular), Mitochondria (pleural) – inside most cells are organelles known as ‘mitochondria’ that often referred to as “cellular power plants” because they generate most of the cell’s adenosine triphosphate (ATP) which is the source of the body’s chemical energy. Mitochondria are a ...