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Chapter 8
Chapter 8

... DG = -686kcal/mol of glucose DG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
Chapter #9 Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
Chapter #9 Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy

... 2. Upon entering the mitochondrion pyruvate a 3C molecule is converted to a compound called acetyl coenzyme. 3. The conversion is accomplished by a multienzyme complex which – a carboxyl group is removed & given off as CO2. (The molecule is a 2C molecule which the mitochondrion will accept) 4. The ...
File
File

... • Hydrogen ions then pass through ATP synthase (an enzyme) back into the matrix by simple diffusion • Hydrogen ions flowing through ATP synthase cause synthesis of ATP from ADP + P by chemiosmosis • The final electron acceptor at end of electron chain is oxygen • Water is formed when oxygen and the ...
cellrespNed2012 46 KB
cellrespNed2012 46 KB

... sugar (2 pyruvate, 2 acetyl coA), 6NADH, 2FADH2, 4CO2, and 2ATP (indirectly, through 2 GTP). Reduced electron carriers are charged with food energy here during multiple key chemical conversions, which you again will resent having to grace with the intellectual expenditure of reading but do not need ...
Introduction to Photosynthesis - OCC
Introduction to Photosynthesis - OCC

... chlorophyll is organized along with proteins, pigments, and other kinds of smaller organic molecules into photosystems a photosystem has a light gathering "antenna complex" consisting of a few hundred chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoid molecules all of the antenna molecules absorb photons ...
HOW PLANTS PRODUCE FOOD: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
HOW PLANTS PRODUCE FOOD: PHOTOSYNTHESIS

... HOW PLANTS PRODUCE FOOD: PHOTOSYNTHESIS Green plants are the energy producers of our ecosystems. They use the sun’s energy to manufacture simple sugars, which supply our food energy. The method is called photosynthesis. In the process of making their food and ours, plants release the oxygen we breat ...
Introduction to Cellular Respiration •ATP is needed in order for cells
Introduction to Cellular Respiration •ATP is needed in order for cells

... disassemble one two-carbon acetyl CoA into two CO2 molecules. •Each step involves a different enzyme. ...
Introduction to Cellular Respiration •ATP is needed in order for cells
Introduction to Cellular Respiration •ATP is needed in order for cells

... disassemble one two-carbon acetyl CoA into two CO2 molecules. •Each step involves a different enzyme. ...
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Foundations in Microbiology

... breaking down complex molecules into simple ones generates energy (stored as ATP) - exergonic ...
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Intro to Biochemistry Pratt & Cornely Chapter 1

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1. Metabolism refers to A) pathways of chemical reactions that build

... IV. Electron transport chain A) I only B) II only C) IV only D) III only 11. Electrons stripped from glucose during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are transported to the electron transport chain by ... A) ADP. B) CO2. C) ATP. D) reduced coenzymes 12. At the end of the electron transport chain, the f ...
Chapter 7 Harvesting Energy Slides
Chapter 7 Harvesting Energy Slides

... proton pump •Protons (H+) are pumped from mitochondrial matrix into intermembrane space •These protons push through the ATP synthase making its “motor work” •ADP and Phosphate are put together to make ATP in the matrix ...
High-resolution structures of plant and cyanobacterial Photosystem I
High-resolution structures of plant and cyanobacterial Photosystem I

... Plant Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the most intricate membrane complexes in Nature. It is comprised of two complexes, a reaction center and light--‐harvesting LHCI. We developed a method for obtaining better mass spectroscopy data from membrane complexes. Using the corrected amino acid sequences an ...
Chapter 5
Chapter 5

... A Summary of Respiration  Aerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2).  Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the ...
Chapter 20 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
Chapter 20 Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

... Figure 20.34 (a) Apaf-1 is a multidomain protein, consisting of an N-terminal CARD, a nucleotidebinding and oligomerization domain (NOD), and several WD40 domains. (b) Binding of cytochrome c to the WD40 domains and ATP hydrolysis unlocks Apaf-1 to form the semi-open conformation. Nucleotide exchang ...
Metabolic Energy - Metabolism Foundation
Metabolic Energy - Metabolism Foundation

... Metabolic Energy for Dummies: A quick look at Cellular Metabolism (Energetics) ...
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1 - MSU Billings

... B. the cell regulates the synthesis of one enzyme in a metabolic pathway C. a molecule other than the substrate binds to the active site blocking the binding of the substrate D. the enzyme is denatured E. enzymes are produced in an inactive state 69. Metabolism can be described as A. Maintenance of ...
Chap 5
Chap 5

... 3. Glycolysis or the EMP pathway results in the breakdown of glucose to 2 pyruvate molecules (Fig.5.4, p.133) (1) under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate may be converted to lactic acid, ethanol, acetone, butanol, and acetic acid (2) under aerobic conditions, pyruvate is converted to CO2 and NADH throu ...
Bio102 Problems
Bio102 Problems

... high-energy molecules produced by the Light-Dependent Reactions. But would it be possible for the Light-Dependent Reactions to continue if the Light-Independent Reactions were blocked? Why or why not? 22. Which complex (or complexes) is correctly described by each of the statements below? List all t ...
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis

... e) preparation of water for eventual incorporation into glucose 20. ATP is known as the energy currency of the cell because ____. a) ATP is the most readily usable form of energy for cells; b) ATP passes energy along in an electron transport chain; c) ATP energy is passed to NADPH; d) ATP traps more ...
L11v01a_oxy_phos_part_1.stamped_doc
L11v01a_oxy_phos_part_1.stamped_doc

... whereby plants and photosynthetic bacteria and algae produce ATP. The two processes share a lot of features, which are highlighted in this slide. [00:03:20.69] Both utilize high-energy electrons. In photosynthesis, the electrons get their high energy from the absorption of a photon, the energy that' ...
untitled file - Blue Earth Area Schools
untitled file - Blue Earth Area Schools

... membrane • High energy electrons enter and move down the chain NAD+ and FAD+ are recycled • H+ pumped out of the matrix to form a gradient • Protons (H+) are allowed back into the matrix, but through an enzyme that converts ADP -- into ATP • The final electron acceptor is O2 which pairs with H+ to ...
ChemicalBondingPowerpoint
ChemicalBondingPowerpoint

... H2O) probably dominated Earth’s early atmosphere, but H2, NH3, and CH4 were also present in sufficient amounts to form H2CO and HCN. ...
Introductory Microbiology Chap. 5 Outlines Microbial Metabolism I
Introductory Microbiology Chap. 5 Outlines Microbial Metabolism I

... or electrical energy because they don't have thermal or electrical converters. Thermal potential (that is, temperature) affects the rate of chemical reactions, but does not provide any energy. What about the electrical signals of nervous impulses? The cells use energy in the form of ATP to generate ...
Chapter 7 Review Name: Date: Question Answer Process that
Chapter 7 Review Name: Date: Question Answer Process that

... 20. The energy from electrons moving through the ETC is used to pump ___ across the membrane 21. Protons diffuse back across the membrane. The energy of the protons moving is used to make ___ 22. The ETC and chemiosmosis occur in the ____. 23. The final electron acceptor in the ETC is __ 24. The Kre ...
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Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
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