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Ch - Humble ISD
Ch - Humble ISD

... II. ...
Mock Exam 2 1. Which of the following s
Mock Exam 2 1. Which of the following s

... b. To produce NAD+ in order to continue glycolysis c. To produce NADH in order to continue glycolysis d. To prevent further increases in oxygen debt If an enzyme solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain an even faster yield of products is to a. Add more of the enzyme b. ...
Document
Document

... • Absorb light with a maximum at 680 nm All photosynthetic cells have P700. Both are present in O2 evolving organisms higher plants, algae and cyanobacteria. ...
Cellular Respiration PPT
Cellular Respiration PPT

... Aerobic Process = Only if oxygen is present!! Occurs in the MATRIX of the mitochondria Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis enters to form  1 ATP  3 NADH  1 FADH2  CO2 (which is released when we exhale!!) AKA….Citric Acid Cycle ...
Matter Vocab Part 4
Matter Vocab Part 4

... Particle in the nucleus of an atom with a positive charge Particle in the nucleus of an atom with no charge Particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom with a negative charge Dense, central core of an atom (made of protons and neutrons) Path an electron takes around the nucleus A shell is sometimes cal ...
ch04_sec3_as - LCMR School District
ch04_sec3_as - LCMR School District

... electrons are located. Each energy level may contain only a certain number of electrons. The electrons in an atom’s outer energy level are called valence electrons, which determine the chemical properties of an atom. The diagram below shows how many electrons can be found in each of the first four e ...
Section 3: Modern Atomic Theory Atoms Section 3
Section 3: Modern Atomic Theory Atoms Section 3

... electrons are located. Each energy level may contain only a certain number of electrons. The electrons in an atom’s outer energy level are called valence electrons, which determine the chemical properties of an atom. The diagram below shows how many electrons can be found in each of the first four e ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Test Bluff Questions
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Test Bluff Questions

... 13. During aerobic respiration, the breakdown of 1 molecule of glucose will make how many ATP? a. 38 14. During anaerobic respiration, the breakdown of 1 molecule of glucose will make how many ATP? a. 2 15. Most of the energy used by life on Earth comes from where? a. Sun 16. Where do heterotrophs g ...
Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism
Chapter 5: Microbial Metabolism

... Chemoheterotroph Organic molecules Organic molecules ...
MICR 201 Microbiology for Health Related Sciences
MICR 201 Microbiology for Health Related Sciences

... ATP contains energy that can be easily released (highenergy or unstable energy bond)  Required for anabolic reactions  Produced by ...
Microbial Metabolism
Microbial Metabolism

... anabolic reactions. – . Energy harvested from catabolic reactions are stored in ATP molecules. ATP molecules are used to drive many anabolic reactions. ...
chapt07_lecture - Globe
chapt07_lecture - Globe

... C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy ...
Photosynthesis Review Worksheet
Photosynthesis Review Worksheet

... from sunlight to transform CO2 from the air with water from the ground into glucose. This process, called photosynthesis, occurs in the chloroplast of the plant cell. During this process, oxygen (O2) is created as a waste product and is released into the air for us to breathe. The formula for photos ...
Assignment 6 Cell Respiration
Assignment 6 Cell Respiration

... chain and give the electrons (from whom?) to the first molecule of the chain (reducing it), who passes the electrons to its neighbor reducing the neighbor while oxidizing itself. This electron passing continues through the rest of the transport molecules. The FADH2’s have to drop off their electrons ...
Chem 331 ETS OxPhos Notes - University of San Diego Home Pages
Chem 331 ETS OxPhos Notes - University of San Diego Home Pages

... protein changes conformation redox state - most likely leads to proton pumping - resulting pKa changes in aas in complex I probably leads to loss and gain of protons * 2 e- are transferred from NADH and 4 H+ are pumped Complex II * Succinate dehydrogenase and other FADH producing enzymes are linked ...
Chapter 1 - TeacherWeb
Chapter 1 - TeacherWeb

... Cellular respiration – name four phases, starting reactants/ending products of each phase, location of each process, general understanding of each process, number of ATP & product at each stage produced by 1 glucose molecule Role of NAD+, FAD, Coenzyme A Similarities and differences between aerobic ...
Study Guide
Study Guide

... glycolysis and produces two ATP molecules. 9. A small, high-energy molecule that can be used by cells. It is the by-product of glucose breakdown. 10. A series of reactions used by all living things that allows the breakdown of food in order to obtain its stored energy. 12. The amount of energy requi ...
Microbial Metabolism Notes
Microbial Metabolism Notes

... (b) transfer e- and H+ from NADH & FADH2 to O2 resulting in H2O (i) O2 is considered the final electron acceptor (c) redox energy is used to pump H+ into the cell (i) creates a higher concentration in ICF (d) H+ is moved out through ATPsynthase creating ATP as it moves out (e) each NADH has enough e ...
cellular respiration - wlhs.wlwv.k12.or.us
cellular respiration - wlhs.wlwv.k12.or.us

... ● During cellular respiration, the fuel (such as glucose) is oxidized and oxygen is reduced: ...
Photosynthesis Light-Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle Observe the animations
Photosynthesis Light-Dependent Reactions Calvin Cycle Observe the animations

... highlighted above ...
C3.2 Leaf and Photos..
C3.2 Leaf and Photos..

... main purpose is to carry out or support the process of photosynthesis. • There are special organelles responsible for this. What are the organelles called? CHLOROPLASTS ...
Document
Document

... Also known as the Calvin-Benson cycle. In this process high energy molecules made by light (ATP + NADPH) are used to drive the reduction of CO2. This is sometimes called the dark reaction, as light is not directly used, but the ATP etc are very short lived and in practice this cycle only happens in ...
Table showing examples of Complex ions with their bond
Table showing examples of Complex ions with their bond

... bound and readily enter into metallic bond formation. The metallic radius decreased in passing from Sc to Ni. Addition of electrons might be expected to result in an increase in radius, but the electrons are being added to an inner orbital and it is the increased in nuclear charge in passing from Sc ...
Chapter 8 Summary
Chapter 8 Summary

... Metabolic pathways consist of many interrelated, enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions. These pathways can be categorized as either catabolic or anabolic. Anabolic pathways promote the synthesis of new compounds and energy storage, whereas catabolic pathways promote the mobilization of stored energy a ...
The Periodic Table - Mrs Molchany`s Webpage
The Periodic Table - Mrs Molchany`s Webpage

... positive (less energy released). Reason: Moving down a group the average distance between the added electron and the nucleus steadily increases, causing the electron-nucleus attraction to decrease. The orbital that holds the outermost electron is increasingly spread out, however, proceeding down the ...
< 1 ... 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 ... 286 >

Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
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