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BCOR 11 Exploring Biology
BCOR 11 Exploring Biology

... 32) All of the following are directly associated with photosystem II except A) extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water. B) release of oxygen. C) harvesting of light energy by chlorophyll. D) NADP+ reductase E) P680 reaction-center chlorophyll. 33) As a research scientist, you m ...
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Photosynthesis

... – Plants split O2 off of CO2 molecules – Photosynthesis is a redox process and happens in stages • First stage- light reaction – Absorption of light energy – e- are excited and pass from reaction-center chlorophylls to primary e- receptors » In turn, each primary acceptor is oxidized as it donates h ...
Assignment 5 Bioenergy/ Photosynthesis
Assignment 5 Bioenergy/ Photosynthesis

... replace the electrons lost from the first pigment system (PSII). Remember PSII gave its electrons to the second pigment system (PSI). The H+ ion moves across the thylakoid membrane where the cytochrome complexes are embedded to cause a build-up of potential energy. This gradient energy is allowed to ...
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... 48. At the beginning of the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid bonds to a molecule called ____________________ ____ to form acetyl CoA. 49. In our cells, a reaction removes a _______________________ from ATP which yields ADP and provides energy for our cells. 50. True or False: Plants produce an accumulation ...
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NotesPhotosynthesisAndPlants

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Unit 6 Lesson 1 Notes - Photosynthesis Fill in the notes as you view

... heterotrophs. Heterotrophs consume organic molecules to get the ATP they need. ____________________, fungi, and most bacteria are heterotrophs. ____________________ on the other hand make their own organic molecules or food through a process called photosynthesis. Plants and some bacteria perform ph ...
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... overlap with these accessory pigments that show strong absorption below 500 nm. Absorption maxima at 659 and 642 for Chl a and Chl b respectively would thus serve for assay in diethylether, but these peaks will shift slightly according to solvent system, and such shifts must be taken into account fo ...
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Photosynthesis uses light energy to make food

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< 1 ... 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 ... 286 >

Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
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