Modified from Carley Karsten Lecture 8
... require an input of energy to occur. Thus, they can’t occur spontaneously. 3. ATP is the most common source of cellular energy because it can donate phosphate groups. a. ATP = ribose + adenine + 3 phosphate groups. b. The three phosphate groups are what make ATP so energetic: all those negative char ...
... require an input of energy to occur. Thus, they can’t occur spontaneously. 3. ATP is the most common source of cellular energy because it can donate phosphate groups. a. ATP = ribose + adenine + 3 phosphate groups. b. The three phosphate groups are what make ATP so energetic: all those negative char ...
Section 5 - anabolism. the process by which molecules are
... 1. energy is neither created nor destroyed, but transformed from one form to another. 2. in any isolated system, the degree of entropy can only increase. - biological order and the increase thereof is possible because of the release of heat energy from cells. the increase of biological order is comp ...
... 1. energy is neither created nor destroyed, but transformed from one form to another. 2. in any isolated system, the degree of entropy can only increase. - biological order and the increase thereof is possible because of the release of heat energy from cells. the increase of biological order is comp ...
Extracting Energy from Food
... Pumps move against the concentration gradient – if not enough energy they move backwards (energy from ATP must be greater than sum of chemical and electrical potential energy) ...
... Pumps move against the concentration gradient – if not enough energy they move backwards (energy from ATP must be greater than sum of chemical and electrical potential energy) ...
9/19
... Organic molecules can also serve as a source of electrons (energy) Heterotrophs use organic molecules as their carbon source ...
... Organic molecules can also serve as a source of electrons (energy) Heterotrophs use organic molecules as their carbon source ...
Metabolism
... fatty acids and converts it into molecules of acetyl CoA • Enzymes clip a 2-carbon link from the end of the chain. • As the chain is shortened, 1 FADH2 and 1 NADH form, and the 2-carbon link becomes acetyl CoA • The acetyl CoA enters Kreb’s cycle and eventually the electron transport chain (just lik ...
... fatty acids and converts it into molecules of acetyl CoA • Enzymes clip a 2-carbon link from the end of the chain. • As the chain is shortened, 1 FADH2 and 1 NADH form, and the 2-carbon link becomes acetyl CoA • The acetyl CoA enters Kreb’s cycle and eventually the electron transport chain (just lik ...
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION
... Q also carries electrons from FADH2, generated in succinate dehydrogenase or (succinate-Q reductase) in the citric acid cycle, to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase Cytochrome c, a small, soluble protein, shuttles electrons from Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase to cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), which ca ...
... Q also carries electrons from FADH2, generated in succinate dehydrogenase or (succinate-Q reductase) in the citric acid cycle, to Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase Cytochrome c, a small, soluble protein, shuttles electrons from Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase to cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV), which ca ...
Column A
... A) Subatomic particles a. What are the atomic mass units for protons, neutrons, and electrons? Protons and neutrons = 1 amu; electrons about 0 amu What does the atomic number represent? # of protons b. What does the mass number represent? # of protons + # of neutrons c. What particles are in equal n ...
... A) Subatomic particles a. What are the atomic mass units for protons, neutrons, and electrons? Protons and neutrons = 1 amu; electrons about 0 amu What does the atomic number represent? # of protons b. What does the mass number represent? # of protons + # of neutrons c. What particles are in equal n ...
C9 Cellular Respiration (Video)
... ATP synthase – enzyme that makes ATP. Power source is concentration gradient of H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (pH difference). ETC uses exergonic flow of electrons to pump H+ across the membrane, from matrix into intermembrane space. Only the ATP synthases are permeable to the H+ which ...
... ATP synthase – enzyme that makes ATP. Power source is concentration gradient of H+ across the inner mitochondrial membrane. (pH difference). ETC uses exergonic flow of electrons to pump H+ across the membrane, from matrix into intermembrane space. Only the ATP synthases are permeable to the H+ which ...
Cellular Respiration
... followed by a different pathway The combined process of this pathway and glycolysis is called FERMENTATION Fermentation releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen ...
... followed by a different pathway The combined process of this pathway and glycolysis is called FERMENTATION Fermentation releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen ...
Ch 6- Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes
... • Materials that irreversibly inhibit an enzyme are known as poisons • Cyanides inhibit enzymes resulting in all ATP production • Penicillin inhibits an enzyme unique to certain bacteria • Heavy metals irreversibly bind with many enzymes • Nerve gas irreversibly inhibits enzymes required by nervous ...
... • Materials that irreversibly inhibit an enzyme are known as poisons • Cyanides inhibit enzymes resulting in all ATP production • Penicillin inhibits an enzyme unique to certain bacteria • Heavy metals irreversibly bind with many enzymes • Nerve gas irreversibly inhibits enzymes required by nervous ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Yeast and some bacteria cells are capable of alcoholic fermentation during which glucose is broken down to release CO2 and ethyl alcohol Glucose pyruvic acid alcohol + CO2 + ATP ...
... • Yeast and some bacteria cells are capable of alcoholic fermentation during which glucose is broken down to release CO2 and ethyl alcohol Glucose pyruvic acid alcohol + CO2 + ATP ...
Unit 1 Practice Test
... 48. A threecarbon sugar formed during lightindependent portion of photosynthesis is (a) carbon dioxide (b) glucose (c) ATP (d) G3P 49. The reaction in the lightdependent portion of photosynthesis occurs in the (a) grana (b) stroma (c) Golgi apparatus (d) cell wall 50. Which statement correctly ...
... 48. A threecarbon sugar formed during lightindependent portion of photosynthesis is (a) carbon dioxide (b) glucose (c) ATP (d) G3P 49. The reaction in the lightdependent portion of photosynthesis occurs in the (a) grana (b) stroma (c) Golgi apparatus (d) cell wall 50. Which statement correctly ...
Calvin Cycle - WordPress.com
... molecule to a highly reduced glucose molecule – endergonic 2. Rubisco (ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) – most important protein/enzyme in the biosphere: provides majority of the worlds organic carbon 3. Plants use G3P and reverse-process glycolysis to produce glucose and other simple ...
... molecule to a highly reduced glucose molecule – endergonic 2. Rubisco (ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase oxygenase) – most important protein/enzyme in the biosphere: provides majority of the worlds organic carbon 3. Plants use G3P and reverse-process glycolysis to produce glucose and other simple ...
HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY: CELLULAR
... CoQ), shuttle electrons. Complex I electron carriers pick up electrons from NADH. Complex II electron carriers pick up electrons from FADH2. Cytochrome a3 transfers the electrons to oxygen. a. Four protons are also transferred to oxygen, and two water molecules are the final product of electron tran ...
... CoQ), shuttle electrons. Complex I electron carriers pick up electrons from NADH. Complex II electron carriers pick up electrons from FADH2. Cytochrome a3 transfers the electrons to oxygen. a. Four protons are also transferred to oxygen, and two water molecules are the final product of electron tran ...
Cellular Respiration
... Anaerobic: in ABSENCE of oxygen No electron acceptor at the end of ETC NADH accumulates, NAD+ depleted Krebs & glycolysis stop w/o NAD+ No ATP production (will cause cell death) ...
... Anaerobic: in ABSENCE of oxygen No electron acceptor at the end of ETC NADH accumulates, NAD+ depleted Krebs & glycolysis stop w/o NAD+ No ATP production (will cause cell death) ...
Document
... Plants produce NADPH and ATP by photosynthesis in the chloroplast. However, most of the plants ATP needs are met by their mitochondria. Sugars are exported out of the chloroplasts into the mitochondria. During periods of light, photosynthetic cells convert some sugars made during photosynthesis int ...
... Plants produce NADPH and ATP by photosynthesis in the chloroplast. However, most of the plants ATP needs are met by their mitochondria. Sugars are exported out of the chloroplasts into the mitochondria. During periods of light, photosynthetic cells convert some sugars made during photosynthesis int ...
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and Cytochrome chain
... formation of ATP molecules ie. Oxidative phosphorylation. This is a multi-stage pathway and for each NADH molecule that is oxidised to NAD + three x ATP form and for each FADH2 two x ATP form. ie. The total production of ATP from the cytochrome chain is 34 ATP molecules. It is during this stage 3 th ...
... formation of ATP molecules ie. Oxidative phosphorylation. This is a multi-stage pathway and for each NADH molecule that is oxidised to NAD + three x ATP form and for each FADH2 two x ATP form. ie. The total production of ATP from the cytochrome chain is 34 ATP molecules. It is during this stage 3 th ...
Aspects of Light Energy
... of a larger molecule from a smaller one) reaction, it uses ATP for energy and NADPH for reducing power • Sometimes called the “dark reaction” since these steps do not require light energy ...
... of a larger molecule from a smaller one) reaction, it uses ATP for energy and NADPH for reducing power • Sometimes called the “dark reaction” since these steps do not require light energy ...
SCH 3U - othsmath
... 2) Going down a group, a new energy level is added with each subsequent atom, ensuring the valence electrons are moved further and further from the nucleus. This increases the shielding provided by non-valence electrons, decreases the ENC (even though the number of protons in the nucleus is increasi ...
... 2) Going down a group, a new energy level is added with each subsequent atom, ensuring the valence electrons are moved further and further from the nucleus. This increases the shielding provided by non-valence electrons, decreases the ENC (even though the number of protons in the nucleus is increasi ...
NAD + , NADP +
... They do not transfer electrons by diffusing from one enzyme to another; rather, they provide a means by which the flavoprotein can temporarily hold electrons while it catalyzes electron transfer from a reduced substrate to an electron acceptor. Like the nicotinamide coenzymes , the flavin nucleo ...
... They do not transfer electrons by diffusing from one enzyme to another; rather, they provide a means by which the flavoprotein can temporarily hold electrons while it catalyzes electron transfer from a reduced substrate to an electron acceptor. Like the nicotinamide coenzymes , the flavin nucleo ...
Exam 3 Review
... IUPAC names for a carboxylic acid are derived from the name of the parent hydrocarbon. – The final -e is dropped from the name of the parent hydrocarbon – The suffix -oic is added followed by the word acid. Many organic acids are called by their common (trivial) names which are derived from Greek or ...
... IUPAC names for a carboxylic acid are derived from the name of the parent hydrocarbon. – The final -e is dropped from the name of the parent hydrocarbon – The suffix -oic is added followed by the word acid. Many organic acids are called by their common (trivial) names which are derived from Greek or ...