Lecture notes Chapter 27-28
... Consider a tuna sandwich for our example. In stage 1 of metabolism, the processes of digestion break down the large macromolecules into small monomer units. The polysaccharides in bread break down to monosaccharides, the lipids in the mayonnaise break down to glycerol and fatty acids, and the prote ...
... Consider a tuna sandwich for our example. In stage 1 of metabolism, the processes of digestion break down the large macromolecules into small monomer units. The polysaccharides in bread break down to monosaccharides, the lipids in the mayonnaise break down to glycerol and fatty acids, and the prote ...
Sept 19th Lecture 4
... 1. Nitrate is transported into the cell 2. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite (NO3- NO2-) 2a. Electrons are transferred to NADH and protons move out of the cell (PMF), generating ATP 3. Nitrite is toxic so it is transported out of the cell 4. Through a series of steps nitrite is converted to N2 (more i ...
... 1. Nitrate is transported into the cell 2. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite (NO3- NO2-) 2a. Electrons are transferred to NADH and protons move out of the cell (PMF), generating ATP 3. Nitrite is toxic so it is transported out of the cell 4. Through a series of steps nitrite is converted to N2 (more i ...
Atoms
... Polar water molecules act like magnets and attract each other Hydrogen Bonds The attraction of the Hydrogen end (+) of one molecule for the Oxygen end (-) of another water molecule. They are the strongest bonds that can form between molecules ...
... Polar water molecules act like magnets and attract each other Hydrogen Bonds The attraction of the Hydrogen end (+) of one molecule for the Oxygen end (-) of another water molecule. They are the strongest bonds that can form between molecules ...
1001_3rd Exam_1001214
... A) contradicted the view that light energy was dependent upon intensity only B) results in a beam of electrons which increases in number, but not velocity, as the wavelength of incident light decreases C) was discovered by Max Planck D) is not the same principle used in modern electric eyes and sola ...
... A) contradicted the view that light energy was dependent upon intensity only B) results in a beam of electrons which increases in number, but not velocity, as the wavelength of incident light decreases C) was discovered by Max Planck D) is not the same principle used in modern electric eyes and sola ...
Bioenergetics Free Energy Change
... ATP to phosphorylate compounds ranked lower than itself. It is favorable to synthesize ATP from ADP by higher ranked PEP and CP. • It is harder to synthesize the highest ranking molecules and the lowest ranking ones don’t release enough energy to perform significant work. Thus, ATP’s intermediate ra ...
... ATP to phosphorylate compounds ranked lower than itself. It is favorable to synthesize ATP from ADP by higher ranked PEP and CP. • It is harder to synthesize the highest ranking molecules and the lowest ranking ones don’t release enough energy to perform significant work. Thus, ATP’s intermediate ra ...
Sin título de diapositiva
... • Tissues may form organs • Rudimentary tissues and an overall body plan form early in development due to a defined pattern of gene expression and the ability of cells to interact with other cells • Many animals share the same basic pattern of development, which reflects commonalities in molecular a ...
... • Tissues may form organs • Rudimentary tissues and an overall body plan form early in development due to a defined pattern of gene expression and the ability of cells to interact with other cells • Many animals share the same basic pattern of development, which reflects commonalities in molecular a ...
Chlorophyll and Light Absorption
... Chlorophyll does not absorb light well in the green region of the spectrum. Green light is reflected by leaves, which is why plants look green. ...
... Chlorophyll does not absorb light well in the green region of the spectrum. Green light is reflected by leaves, which is why plants look green. ...
File
... 2) The energy to phosphorylate ADP comes from a high-energy molecule that contains a phosphate group. The reaction is catylized by an enzyme. The phosphate bond is broken and the phosphate group is transferred to ADP to produce ATP. 3) In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, a concentration of hydrogen ion ...
... 2) The energy to phosphorylate ADP comes from a high-energy molecule that contains a phosphate group. The reaction is catylized by an enzyme. The phosphate bond is broken and the phosphate group is transferred to ADP to produce ATP. 3) In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, a concentration of hydrogen ion ...
Short-term acclimation of the photosynthetic electron transfer chain
... minutes, it does not include a detailed description of the internal processes of the photosynthetic complexes but rather uses a heuristic approach to represent their overall function. Thus, PSII, cytochrome b6f (Cytb6f) and photosystem I (PSI) are treated as oxidoreductases, of which the two photosy ...
... minutes, it does not include a detailed description of the internal processes of the photosynthetic complexes but rather uses a heuristic approach to represent their overall function. Thus, PSII, cytochrome b6f (Cytb6f) and photosystem I (PSI) are treated as oxidoreductases, of which the two photosy ...
Teacher Treesources - The Holden Arboretum
... ways. Animals are known as heterotrophs or consumers, meaning that they obtain their energy by eating other organisms, be they plants or other animals. Plants, on the other hand are known as autotrophs or producers, meaning they can make food using energy from sunlight in a process called photosynth ...
... ways. Animals are known as heterotrophs or consumers, meaning that they obtain their energy by eating other organisms, be they plants or other animals. Plants, on the other hand are known as autotrophs or producers, meaning they can make food using energy from sunlight in a process called photosynth ...
Photosynthesis
... • Most plants produce sugars by the pathway outlined above, in which the first organic compounds have three carbon atoms (C3) • Some tropical and subtropical plants have evolved a separate mechanism in which the first products have four carbon atoms (C4) • C4 photosynthesis is a mechanism to overcom ...
... • Most plants produce sugars by the pathway outlined above, in which the first organic compounds have three carbon atoms (C3) • Some tropical and subtropical plants have evolved a separate mechanism in which the first products have four carbon atoms (C4) • C4 photosynthesis is a mechanism to overcom ...
Ch 4 Jeopardy
... • What is the name of the process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules? ...
... • What is the name of the process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules? ...
Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism
... Metabolism is the totality of chemical reactions that take place in living organisms. To create and maintain the structural order required for life requires an input of free energy – from sunlight for photosynthetic organisms and from energy-rich food molecules for other organisms. A cell couples c ...
... Metabolism is the totality of chemical reactions that take place in living organisms. To create and maintain the structural order required for life requires an input of free energy – from sunlight for photosynthetic organisms and from energy-rich food molecules for other organisms. A cell couples c ...
Where is the energy transfer?
... In the Calvin Cycle, CO2 is attached to a molecule of RUBP. This is catalyzed by the enzyme rubisco. The six carbon product splits, forming two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. 3-phosphyglycerate receives a phosphate from ATP and electrons from NADPH forming a molecule of G3P. Two molecules of G3P c ...
... In the Calvin Cycle, CO2 is attached to a molecule of RUBP. This is catalyzed by the enzyme rubisco. The six carbon product splits, forming two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. 3-phosphyglycerate receives a phosphate from ATP and electrons from NADPH forming a molecule of G3P. Two molecules of G3P c ...
Membrane Proteins Movement of molecules
... • need 7.3 kcal/mol to build ATP • cells power building ATP by coupling to exergonic reactions - cellular respiration ...
... • need 7.3 kcal/mol to build ATP • cells power building ATP by coupling to exergonic reactions - cellular respiration ...
Chapter 6
... – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the electrons generated by oxidation reactions in glycolysis ...
... – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ when pyruvate is reduced to lactate – In a sense, pyruvate is serving as an “electron sink,” a place to dispose of the electrons generated by oxidation reactions in glycolysis ...
CH 2. CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... of ATP along with carbon dioxide and water as by-products. Since the activation energy needed for the combustion of glucose is quite high, each step in cellular respiration is catalyzed by specific enzymes that lower the activation energies and allow the reactions to occur at a pace fast enough to m ...
... of ATP along with carbon dioxide and water as by-products. Since the activation energy needed for the combustion of glucose is quite high, each step in cellular respiration is catalyzed by specific enzymes that lower the activation energies and allow the reactions to occur at a pace fast enough to m ...
11 photosynthesis
... Light consists of small particles or packages of energy called “photons”. A single photon is also called quantum. What does the chlorophyll do? It absorbs light energy. Chlorophyll molecules absorb light energy and get into an excited state and lose an electron to the outer orbit. No substance can r ...
... Light consists of small particles or packages of energy called “photons”. A single photon is also called quantum. What does the chlorophyll do? It absorbs light energy. Chlorophyll molecules absorb light energy and get into an excited state and lose an electron to the outer orbit. No substance can r ...
cellular respiration
... fats. • However, these fuels do not spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation energy. • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation energy, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly. ...
... fats. • However, these fuels do not spontaneously combine with O2 because they lack the activation energy. • Enzymes lower the barrier of activation energy, allowing these fuels to be oxidized slowly. ...
AP Biology Review Notes - Gooch
... Location: inner membrane of the mitochondria. Three trans membrane proteins that pump hydrogen out of the matrix. There are two carrier molecules that transport electrons between hydrogen pumps. There are thousands of electron transport chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are donat ...
... Location: inner membrane of the mitochondria. Three trans membrane proteins that pump hydrogen out of the matrix. There are two carrier molecules that transport electrons between hydrogen pumps. There are thousands of electron transport chains in the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electrons are donat ...
Chapter 2.4 Periodic properties of the elements
... Ca(g) + 599 kJ → Ca+(g) + eThe second ionization energy (IE2) is the amount of energy required to remove the second electron. For calcium, it may be represented as: Ca+(g) + 1145 kJ → Ca2+1(g) + eFor a given element, IE2 is always greater than IE1 because it is always more difficult to remove a nega ...
... Ca(g) + 599 kJ → Ca+(g) + eThe second ionization energy (IE2) is the amount of energy required to remove the second electron. For calcium, it may be represented as: Ca+(g) + 1145 kJ → Ca2+1(g) + eFor a given element, IE2 is always greater than IE1 because it is always more difficult to remove a nega ...
The Chemistry of Biology
... A. AB A + B B. A + B AB C. AB + XY AX + BY D. AB + XY AX + BY E. None of the choices are correct 25. The important solvent associated with living things is A. Carbon dioxide B. Sodium chloride C. Ethyl alcohol D. Benzene E. Water 26. Ionic compounds are A. Hydrophobic B. Hydrophilic C. Are a ...
... A. AB A + B B. A + B AB C. AB + XY AX + BY D. AB + XY AX + BY E. None of the choices are correct 25. The important solvent associated with living things is A. Carbon dioxide B. Sodium chloride C. Ethyl alcohol D. Benzene E. Water 26. Ionic compounds are A. Hydrophobic B. Hydrophilic C. Are a ...
Cellular Respiration
... Glycolysis yields 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and each react with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA. Krebs Cycle- breaks down the acetyl CoA to produce CO2, hydrogen, and ATP. ...
... Glycolysis yields 2 molecules of pyruvic acid and each react with coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA. Krebs Cycle- breaks down the acetyl CoA to produce CO2, hydrogen, and ATP. ...
Spotlight on Metabolism Ans
... Although each energy-yielding nutrient initially follows a different metabolic pathway, they all follow the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. During glycolysis one molecule of glucose yields two NADH, a net of two ATP and two pyruvate. In the next step of carbohydra ...
... Although each energy-yielding nutrient initially follows a different metabolic pathway, they all follow the Krebs cycle or citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain. During glycolysis one molecule of glucose yields two NADH, a net of two ATP and two pyruvate. In the next step of carbohydra ...