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HONORS BIOLOGY Unit 4 Ch. 5b, 6, 7 Energy, Respiration and Photosynthesis
HONORS BIOLOGY Unit 4 Ch. 5b, 6, 7 Energy, Respiration and Photosynthesis

... #1. How do cells use metabolic pathways to provide energy? ATP, Enzymes and Buffers A. I can list the basic components of an ATP molecule and draw them properly connected. I can demonstrate how an ATP molecule (serves as an energy shuttle in the cell. / is made and broken down for energy.) b. I can ...
class title - Palomar College
class title - Palomar College

... eukaryotic cells and their organelles; microscopy; magnification vs. resolving power. 9) Energetics, An Overview First and second laws of energy; ATP; exergonic and endergonic reactions; nuclear fusion; electromagnetic and visible light spectrum; the role of photosynthesis in ecosystems; the role of ...
Sample Exam 2
Sample Exam 2

... 14. Which of the following molecules is hydrolyzed in the primary active transport of a molecule across the cell membrane? a. Glucose b. Alanine c. Adenine d. Adenosine triphosphate e. H2O 15. In the process of secondary active transport: a. one molecule is moved up (against) its concentration grad ...
cycle - realfuture.org
cycle - realfuture.org

... is perhaps harder to justify. It is first important to distinguish between anabolic and catabolic processes, which together form the keystones of metabolism. Anabolism is the biological process whereby the functional and structural materials of life, such as cell components, are biosynthesized. Cata ...
File
File

...  The TCA cycle occurs twice for every molecule of glucose oxidized  The net result is 2 ATP and 4 CO2  The overall reaction for glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation and TCA cycle ...
cycle - realfuture.org
cycle - realfuture.org

... is perhaps harder to justify. It is first important to distinguish between anabolic and catabolic processes, which together form the keystones of metabolism. Anabolism is the biological process whereby the functional and structural materials of life, such as cell components, are biosynthesized. Cata ...
Sample exam 2
Sample exam 2

... Thylakoid membrane Inner membrane Chloroplast center ...
H + - WordPress.com
H + - WordPress.com

... Generation of a pH gradient ([H+]) and charge difference (negative in the matrix) across the inner membrane constitute the protonmotive force that can be used to drive ATP synthesis and transport processes. ...
Here is a practice Test
Here is a practice Test

... complete the oxidation of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins (i.e., form NADH and FADH). b. produce ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation. c. prime glycolysis for the production of ATP. d. produce H2O and ATP. 15. Aerobic production of ATP occurs in the a. mitochondria in a process called glycolysi ...
Part II: Multiple Choice Questions
Part II: Multiple Choice Questions

... D) delivers its electron load to the first electron carrier molecule. E) None of the choices are correct. 14) During cellular respiration, electrons move through a series of electron-carrier molecules. Which of the following is a true statement about this process? A) Molecular oxygen is eventually o ...
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Cellular Respiration in More Depth Part 1: ATP—The
Cellular Respiration in More Depth Part 1: ATP—The

... 19. Was oxygen used as a reactant in any of these processes explored above—glycolysis, the link reaction or the Krebs cycle? Read This! Glycolysis will occur in a cell with or without oxygen present. If oxygen is present, the link reaction, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation will complete the ...
electron transport chain.
electron transport chain.

... • Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration but is often used to refer to aerobic respiration. • Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are all consumed as fuel, it is helpful to trace cellular respiration with the sugar glucose. Organic Compounds + Oxygen  Carbon Di ...
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Ch 8 Cellular Respiration
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Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... 7. The electrons from step 2 enter step 3 and make how many ATP? 8. From splitting 1 glucose how many total ATP are produced in cell respiration? 9. Anaerobic respiration is a type of cell respiration that requires no oxygen and only produces ___ ATP. 10. Alcoholic fermentation is used in ___ and la ...
ATP
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... photosynthesis (glucose) for metabolic fuel  Heterotrophs: must take in energy from outside sources, cannot make their own e.g. animals ...
METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES
METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES

... Carbohydrates are reduced molecules. Oxidation releases energy for the cell to use. All carbohydrates that are eaten eventually are converted to glucose, or to compounds that are metabolized by the same pathway as glucose. ...
UNIT 5 ENERGY AND LIVING CELLS
UNIT 5 ENERGY AND LIVING CELLS

... Function: is to separate hydrogen atoms into electrons and protons and carry the e- away. ( final electron acceptor is oxygen O2) - All H+ is left on the inside of the membrane therefore setting up a H+ gradient. ATPases: Enzymes that act on ATP to make or break the phosphate bonds. ...
Chapter 07 and 08 Chemical Bonding and Molecular
Chapter 07 and 08 Chemical Bonding and Molecular

... • Made of 2 or more elements in a definite proportion by mass • Physically and chemically different from the elements that make up the compound • All elements (except Noble gases) react to gain a stable octet. (duet-for H through B) • Compounds form to gain a stable valence shell which is LOWER IN E ...
Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes
Classification and Nomenclature of Enzymes

... nomenclature was determined by the Enzyme  Commission in 1961 (with the latest update  having occurred in 1992), hence all enzymes  are assigned an “EC” number. The  classification does not take into account  amino acid sequence (ie, homology), protein  structure, or chemical mechanism.  ...
Metabolic Minimap article
Metabolic Minimap article

... energy generated by respiration is coupled to the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate. The formation of ATP is the end point, the consummation, of catabolism and is the major purpose of what in our metabolic pathways chart we designate and identify as the backbone of metabolism. This starts with ...
L10v02-glycolysis and TCA
L10v02-glycolysis and TCA

... molecule of oxaloacetate, producing the six carbon molecule citrate, aka citric acid.  The rest of the cycle is involved with capturing energy in the form of high‐energy  electrons (via NADH or FADH2), or GTP ( which can be used similarly to ATP In some  cases). Carbon dioxide is released during thi ...
CHAPTER 12 – RESPIRATION
CHAPTER 12 – RESPIRATION

... to pyruvate. So, although two molecules of ATP were put into the process at the beginning, four have been made at the end. However, this is not all the ATP which can be made in this process. The conversion of triose phosphate into GP also releases hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-) which are tran ...
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Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
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