• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Scanning Tunneling Microscope

... What an STM measures?------Local density of states Each plane represents a different value of the tip-sample V, and the lateral position on the plane gives the x,y position of the tip. Filled states are given in red. The plane at the Fermi energy (V=0) is shown in blue. ...
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Scanning Tunneling Microscope

... What an STM measures?------Local density of states Each plane represents a different value of the tip-sample V, and the lateral position on the plane gives the x,y position of the tip. Filled states are given in red. The plane at the Fermi energy (V=0) is shown in blue. ...
Cellular Respiration Jigsaw Activity Hand each student a standard
Cellular Respiration Jigsaw Activity Hand each student a standard

... Directions: Below are statements regarding the various steps of cellular respiration. Identify whether the statement is true of false. If the statement is false, correct the statement so that it becomes true. 1) Glycolysis produces a net of four (4) ATP molecules. ...
Cellular Respiration - Napa Valley College
Cellular Respiration - Napa Valley College

... §  Requires oxygen: Oxygen is the final electron acceptor on the electron transport chain. §  One glucose can produce a total of 36 ATP ...
Foundations in Microbiology
Foundations in Microbiology

... Atomic number – number of protons Mass number – number of protons and neutrons Isotopes – variant forms of an element that differ in mass number Atomic weight – average of the mass numbers of all of the element’s isotopic forms Electron orbitals – volumes of space surrounding the atomic nucleus wher ...
Respiratory chain is the most productive pathway to make ATP
Respiratory chain is the most productive pathway to make ATP

... is the carrier of acetyl units in the citric acid cycle. In acetyl CoA, the acetyl residue replaces the H on SH of CoASH. Synthesis of acety CoA from pyruvate involves two steps-decarboxylation and oxidation. The actual synthesis occurs in five steps that are catalyzed by a multienzyme complex calle ...
Energy for Physical Activity
Energy for Physical Activity

... CHO are broken down more easily so therefore can provide us with quicker energy source. Proteins can be used generally after 4 hours when other sources are depleted. ...
AP Biology Review - Blue Valley Schools
AP Biology Review - Blue Valley Schools

... • going down the scale (from base to acid), the [H+] concentration increases 10x • the pOH scale would be based on the concentration of the OH- ion • A buffer keeps the pH constant by shuffling H+ (release of these ions makes things more acidic, pick up of these ions makes the solution more basic) C ...
Coenzymes – carry protons or electrons
Coenzymes – carry protons or electrons

... organisms used cannot exceed the amount of energy it takes in through chemical bonds in nutrients ...
Notes ch 2 the nature of matter
Notes ch 2 the nature of matter

... Polar molecules have a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end. This causes hydrogen bonds to form. The (+) end of one molecule is attracted to the (-) end of another molecule.  Cohesion is the attraction of molecules of the ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Test
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Test

...  Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and some other organisms convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and organic compounds known as sugars.  Glucose is a simple sugar produced during photosynthesis.  Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food.  Heterotrophs cannot make ...
Welcome to Class 8 - (canvas.brown.edu).
Welcome to Class 8 - (canvas.brown.edu).

... Glycolysis: stepwise oxidation of glucose ...
Welcome to Class 8
Welcome to Class 8

... Glycolysis: stepwise oxidation of glucose ...
STRUCTURE OF ATP
STRUCTURE OF ATP

... the transfer of hydrogen from NADH2 to FMN. The second ATP molecule is synthesized during the transfer of electrons from cytochrome –b to cytochrome –c1 and third ATP is synthesized when the electrons transferred from cytochrome –c to cytochrome –a , a3. 15) The oxidation of one molecule of NADH2 pr ...
Bacterial Metabolism
Bacterial Metabolism

... hexose monophosphate shunt, except that pentose sugars are not directly formed. The two pathways are identical up to the formation of 6-phosphogluconate (see Fig. 4-4) and then diverge. In the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, no oxidative decarboxylation of 6phosphogluconate occurs and no pentose compound ...
06.1 Respiration
06.1 Respiration

... • Acetyl Co-enzyme A enters a series of chemical reactions, Kreb’s Cycle where it is broken down to CO2 and H. • During Kreb’s Cycle an electron transfer system operates to remove electrons from the hydrogen (H+ + e-) • Electrons from the cycle are transferred through an electron transport chain ...
Lecture 2: Glycolysis Part 1 - Berkeley MCB
Lecture 2: Glycolysis Part 1 - Berkeley MCB

... Pasteur, and it is still called the Pasteur Effect. Yeast often convert glucose into two molecules of ethanol and two molecules of CO2 under anaerobic conditions, but when Pasteur added oxygen to this system, the generation of ethanol and CO2 stopped. Regulation. Why does PFK become inhibited? With ...
Answer Set 2
Answer Set 2

... 3. Under standard conditions, ΔGo’ = -RT ln [products]/[reactants]. Substituting 23.8 kJ/mol for ΔGo’ and solving for [products]/[reactants] yields 7 x 10-5. In other words the forward reactions does not take place to a significant extent. Under intracellular conditions, ΔG is -1.3 kJ/mol. Using the ...
Ch 25 Powerpoint
Ch 25 Powerpoint

... Several steps involve more than one reaction or enzyme H2O molecules are tied up in two steps CO2 is a waste product The product of one TCA cycle is ...


... Choice A: Describe the role of the hydrophobic effect in the formation of micelles or lipid bilayers. In the bilayer the non-polar acyl chains are removed from water due to the hydrophobic effect.Free phospholipids will have water ordered around the non-polar acyl chain. When the bilayer forms, thes ...
Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration

... for cellular work • 6 CO2 are released • Raw materials for electron transport system: • 10 NADH • 2 FADH2 ...
The dinitrogenase reductase
The dinitrogenase reductase

... • The dinitrogenase reductase (also called the Fe protein) is a dimer of two identifcal subunits, containing a single Fe4-S4 redox center. • The nitrogenase complex is highly conserved among different diazotrophs. ...
The Cell: A Microcosm of Life Multiple
The Cell: A Microcosm of Life Multiple

... List the three mechanisms that can be used to regulate the function of a protein (e.g., an enzyme) and briefly (1-2 sentences) describe their key features. Key: Mechanism 1: Covalent modification – no change in the abundance of a protein. Here, preexisting protein is made active or inactive by coval ...
Which of the following molecules is most likely to be used in a
Which of the following molecules is most likely to be used in a

... A) digestion, citric acid cycle, ATP production, acetyl-ScoA production B) digestion, citric acid cycle, acetyl-ScoA production, ATP production C) citric acid cycle, digestion, acetyl-ScoA production, ATP production D) digestion, acetyl-ScoA production, citric acid cycle, ATP production E) digestion ...
Chapter x – title of chapter
Chapter x – title of chapter

... its conformation that affects its enzymatic activity. What are these things that bind to enzymes to affect their activity? NOT other proteins or enzymes—they are typically substrates, intermediates, or products along the pathway in which the enzyme participates. The book calls them modulators. A goo ...
< 1 ... 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 ... 286 >

Light-dependent reactions

In photosynthesis, the light-dependent reactions take place on the thylakoid membranes. The inside of the thylakoid membrane is called the lumen, and outside the thylakoid membrane is the stroma, where the light-independent reactions take place. The thylakoid membrane contains some integral membrane protein complexes that catalyze the light reactions. There are four major protein complexes in the thylakoid membrane: Photosystem II (PSII), Cytochrome b6f complex, Photosystem I (PSI), and ATP synthase. These four complexes work together to ultimately create the products ATP and NADPH.[.The two photosystems absorb light energy through pigments - primarily the chlorophylls, which are responsible for the green color of leaves. The light-dependent reactions begin in photosystem II. When a chlorophyll a molecule within the reaction center of PSII absorbs a photon, an electron in this molecule attains a higher energy level. Because this state of an electron is very unstable, the electron is transferred from one to another molecule creating a chain of redox reactions, called an electron transport chain (ETC). The electron flow goes from PSII to cytochrome b6f to PSI. In PSI, the electron gets the energy from another photon. The final electron acceptor is NADP. In oxygenic photosynthesis, the first electron donor is water, creating oxygen as a waste product. In anoxygenic photosynthesis various electron donors are used.Cytochrome b6f and ATP synthase work together to create ATP. This process is called photophosphorylation, which occurs in two different ways. In non-cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from PSII to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen. The proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane creates a proton-motive force, used by ATP synthase to form ATP. In cyclic photophosphorylation, cytochrome b6f uses the energy of electrons from not only PSII but also PSI to create more ATP and to stop the production of NADPH. Cyclic phosphorylation is important to create ATP and maintain NADPH in the right proportion for the light-independent reactions.The net-reaction of all light-dependent reactions in oxygenic photosynthesis is:2H2O + 2NADP+ + 3ADP + 3Pi → O2 + 2NADPH + 3ATPThe two photosystems are protein complexes that absorb photons and are able to use this energy to create an electron transport chain. Photosystem I and II are very similar in structure and function. They use special proteins, called light-harvesting complexes, to absorb the photons with very high effectiveness. If a special pigment molecule in a photosynthetic reaction center absorbs a photon, an electron in this pigment attains the excited state and then is transferred to another molecule in the reaction center. This reaction, called photoinduced charge separation, is the start of the electron flow and is unique because it transforms light energy into chemical forms.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report