IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSRJAP)
... by the bias current or voltage. However, tunability is restricted by the limited bandwidth of gm, which depends on the bias current. OTA is a commercially available active component which has been used widely in many applications. OTA circuits have been shown to be potentially advantageous for the d ...
... by the bias current or voltage. However, tunability is restricted by the limited bandwidth of gm, which depends on the bias current. OTA is a commercially available active component which has been used widely in many applications. OTA circuits have been shown to be potentially advantageous for the d ...
What is a Phase Locked Loop
... It is not a goal of this work to list all types of VCO and the general principles of their operation. It is sufficient to remark that it exists in many different types. The VCO may, in fact, be a current controlled oscillator, an ICO, but in this work attention will be concentrated on the PLL with a ...
... It is not a goal of this work to list all types of VCO and the general principles of their operation. It is sufficient to remark that it exists in many different types. The VCO may, in fact, be a current controlled oscillator, an ICO, but in this work attention will be concentrated on the PLL with a ...
RC Filter and Basic Timer Functionality
... 1. Construct the single-stage RC Low-pass filter circuit shown in Figure 1 above. Pay attention to the connection of the leads of the capacitor. The curved line on schematic shows that the capacitor is polarized (which may or may not be the case depending on the type of capacitor you were given by y ...
... 1. Construct the single-stage RC Low-pass filter circuit shown in Figure 1 above. Pay attention to the connection of the leads of the capacitor. The curved line on schematic shows that the capacitor is polarized (which may or may not be the case depending on the type of capacitor you were given by y ...
MAX9613 Evaluation Kit Evaluates: General Description Features
... differential sensing, noninverting amplification, buffering, and filtering. A few common configurations are shown in the next few sections. Noninverting Configuration The EV kit comes preconfigured as a noninverting amplifier with a gain of +11. The gain is set by the ratio of R5 and R1 (Figure 1). ...
... differential sensing, noninverting amplification, buffering, and filtering. A few common configurations are shown in the next few sections. Noninverting Configuration The EV kit comes preconfigured as a noninverting amplifier with a gain of +11. The gain is set by the ratio of R5 and R1 (Figure 1). ...
Chapter 6
... • The equivalent capacitance of N series-connected capacitors is the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual capacitances. ...
... • The equivalent capacitance of N series-connected capacitors is the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual capacitances. ...
Understanding Impedances
... the woofer’s output by about 6 dB. The unwanted sound from the woofer will be 4 dB louder than the desired sound coming from the tweeter! As you might guess, if we gave the name “1st-order” to that kind of crossover, then there must also be circuits that are 2nd-order, 3rd-order, 4th-order, and so o ...
... the woofer’s output by about 6 dB. The unwanted sound from the woofer will be 4 dB louder than the desired sound coming from the tweeter! As you might guess, if we gave the name “1st-order” to that kind of crossover, then there must also be circuits that are 2nd-order, 3rd-order, 4th-order, and so o ...
AlexanderCh06finalR1
... • The equivalent capacitance of N series-connected capacitors is the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual capacitances. ...
... • The equivalent capacitance of N series-connected capacitors is the reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals of the individual capacitances. ...
TAN-008
... execute a “For...Next” instruction until all the RC values are calculated. Gain at the passband will be unity. Reference [1], Chapter 8 gives the basic theory about active filters. Reference [3], explains the basics of circuit theory. ...
... execute a “For...Next” instruction until all the RC values are calculated. Gain at the passband will be unity. Reference [1], Chapter 8 gives the basic theory about active filters. Reference [3], explains the basics of circuit theory. ...
Universal Voltage Conveyor and its Novel Dual-Output Fully
... 1. Introduction All-pass filters (APFs) are widely used in signal processing to correct the phase shifts caused by analog filtering operations without changing the amplitude of the applied signal. Moreover, they are with advantage used for the design of high-Q frequency-selective circuits or quadrat ...
... 1. Introduction All-pass filters (APFs) are widely used in signal processing to correct the phase shifts caused by analog filtering operations without changing the amplitude of the applied signal. Moreover, they are with advantage used for the design of high-Q frequency-selective circuits or quadrat ...
signal_integrity
... (Rseries), the transmission line, and any terminating capacitance/resistance added by the designer to terminate the line. By varying the values of the components, different experiments can be performed. Performing the experiments prior to board layout using a tool like SPICE can reduce project costs ...
... (Rseries), the transmission line, and any terminating capacitance/resistance added by the designer to terminate the line. By varying the values of the components, different experiments can be performed. Performing the experiments prior to board layout using a tool like SPICE can reduce project costs ...
Manual - Qi Xuan
... The measured impedance can be either capacitive or inductive. If the measured values of U, I and P or the calculated parameters cannot be used to determine the property of the impedance, we then can use the following methods to determine it. (1) Capacitor in parallel. Connect a capacitor with suitab ...
... The measured impedance can be either capacitive or inductive. If the measured values of U, I and P or the calculated parameters cannot be used to determine the property of the impedance, we then can use the following methods to determine it. (1) Capacitor in parallel. Connect a capacitor with suitab ...
EE70 Review
... 1. Begin by locating a combination of resistances that are in series or parallel. Often the place to start is farthest from the source. 2. Redraw the circuit with the equivalent resistance for the combination found in ...
... 1. Begin by locating a combination of resistances that are in series or parallel. Often the place to start is farthest from the source. 2. Redraw the circuit with the equivalent resistance for the combination found in ...
MAX7034 315MHz/434MHz ASK Superheterodyne Receiver General Description
... A unique feature of the MAX7034 is the integrated image rejection of the mixer. This device eliminates the need for a costly front-end SAW filter for most applications. Advantages of not using a SAW filter are increased sensitivity, simplified antenna matching, less board space, and lower cost. The ...
... A unique feature of the MAX7034 is the integrated image rejection of the mixer. This device eliminates the need for a costly front-end SAW filter for most applications. Advantages of not using a SAW filter are increased sensitivity, simplified antenna matching, less board space, and lower cost. The ...
1094 High Frequency Common Mode Analysis of Drive Systems
... The parasitic networks between the motor’s connections and Earth is identified by applying a high dV/dt between each phase connection and the metallic structure of the motor. The instrument used was originally developed to test dV/dt capability of schottky diodes, and is able to apply dV/dt in exces ...
... The parasitic networks between the motor’s connections and Earth is identified by applying a high dV/dt between each phase connection and the metallic structure of the motor. The instrument used was originally developed to test dV/dt capability of schottky diodes, and is able to apply dV/dt in exces ...
1893 Operation without Magnetics
... second 0.1uf isolation capacitor is connected in series with the TP_TXN signal to the companion backplane trace. Basically you replace the transformer with two DC isolation capacitors so as to block the 1.8V DC bias. These isolation caps are not required on the transmit side if the receiving partner ...
... second 0.1uf isolation capacitor is connected in series with the TP_TXN signal to the companion backplane trace. Basically you replace the transformer with two DC isolation capacitors so as to block the 1.8V DC bias. These isolation caps are not required on the transmit side if the receiving partner ...
Preliminary Work
... 2. Build your bandpass circuit on your breadboard. a. Connect your circuit to the function generator. b. Connect your oscilloscope on both the function generator and the load resistor (R2). 3. Measure the AC operation of your circuit. a. Set the function generator to be sinusoidal with amplitude of ...
... 2. Build your bandpass circuit on your breadboard. a. Connect your circuit to the function generator. b. Connect your oscilloscope on both the function generator and the load resistor (R2). 3. Measure the AC operation of your circuit. a. Set the function generator to be sinusoidal with amplitude of ...
"Filtering Technique Isolating Analog/Digital Power Supplies in PLL
... capacitor (around 0.01 µF) to handle higher frequencies. It is more effective to use an array of three or more bypass capacitors with different capacitance values when filtering a wider noise bandwidth. The frequency response of any capacitor is determined by its parasitics, that is, its equivalent ...
... capacitor (around 0.01 µF) to handle higher frequencies. It is more effective to use an array of three or more bypass capacitors with different capacitance values when filtering a wider noise bandwidth. The frequency response of any capacitor is determined by its parasitics, that is, its equivalent ...
Ch. 9
... • Alternating Current, or AC, is the dominant form of electrical power that is delivered to homes and industry. • In the late 1800’s there was a battle between proponents of DC and AC. • AC won out due to its efficiency for long distance transmission. • AC is a sinusoidal current, meaning the curren ...
... • Alternating Current, or AC, is the dominant form of electrical power that is delivered to homes and industry. • In the late 1800’s there was a battle between proponents of DC and AC. • AC won out due to its efficiency for long distance transmission. • AC is a sinusoidal current, meaning the curren ...
Noise Countermeasures for AC Power Lines
... effective only against differential mode noise. They are also called differential mode capacitors, and those with comparatively large capacities around 1 μF are used. As X capacitors are connected between the lines and are not connected between the line and the earth, even if they break there will b ...
... effective only against differential mode noise. They are also called differential mode capacitors, and those with comparatively large capacities around 1 μF are used. As X capacitors are connected between the lines and are not connected between the line and the earth, even if they break there will b ...
pdf
... input, and output bits that represent spectral information. A common speech-processing strategy, used in implants and in speech-recognition systems, employs a me1 cepst" filter bank with 8-20 channels. The me1 scale maps frequencies to a perceptually linear scale (2). Filter banks based on the me1 s ...
... input, and output bits that represent spectral information. A common speech-processing strategy, used in implants and in speech-recognition systems, employs a me1 cepst" filter bank with 8-20 channels. The me1 scale maps frequencies to a perceptually linear scale (2). Filter banks based on the me1 s ...
NTUST-EE-2013S-Lectures
... Assume the current in the previous example is 10 mArms. Sketch the voltage phasor diagram. The impedance triangle from the previous example is shown for reference. The voltage phasor diagram can be found from Ohm’s law. Multiply each impedance phasor by 10 mA. ...
... Assume the current in the previous example is 10 mArms. Sketch the voltage phasor diagram. The impedance triangle from the previous example is shown for reference. The voltage phasor diagram can be found from Ohm’s law. Multiply each impedance phasor by 10 mA. ...
PHYS 3322 Modern Laboratory Methods 1 Theory 1
... The study of AC circuits entails an understanding of reactive impedance as well as the effect that each circuit element has on the overall impedance of the circuit. The impedance of reactive elements, such as capacitors and inductors, is frequency dependent and allows the construction of passive fil ...
... The study of AC circuits entails an understanding of reactive impedance as well as the effect that each circuit element has on the overall impedance of the circuit. The impedance of reactive elements, such as capacitors and inductors, is frequency dependent and allows the construction of passive fil ...
Distributed element filter
A distributed element filter is an electronic filter in which capacitance, inductance and resistance (the elements of the circuit) are not localised in discrete capacitors, inductors and resistors as they are in conventional filters. Its purpose is to allow a range of signal frequencies to pass, but to block others. Conventional filters are constructed from inductors and capacitors, and the circuits so built are described by the lumped element model, which considers each element to be ""lumped together"" at one place. That model is conceptually simple, but it becomes increasingly unreliable as the frequency of the signal increases, or equivalently as the wavelength decreases. The distributed element model applies at all frequencies, and is used in transmission line theory; many distributed element components are made of short lengths of transmission line. In the distributed view of circuits, the elements are distributed along the length of conductors and are inextricably mixed together. The filter design is usually concerned only with inductance and capacitance, but because of this mixing of elements they cannot be treated as separate ""lumped"" capacitors and inductors. There is no precise frequency above which distributed element filters must be used but they are especially associated with the microwave band (wavelength less than one metre).Distributed element filters are used in many of the same applications as lumped element filters, such as selectivity of radio channel, bandlimiting of noise and multiplexing of many signals into one channel. Distributed element filters may be constructed to have any of the bandforms possible with lumped elements (low-pass, band-pass, etc.) with the exception of high-pass, which is usually only approximated. All filter classes used in lumped element designs (Butterworth, Chebyshev, etc.) can be implemented using a distributed element approach.There are many component forms used to construct distributed element filters, but all have the common property of causing a discontinuity on the transmission line. These discontinuities present a reactive impedance to a wavefront travelling down the line, and these reactances can be chosen by design to serve as approximations for lumped inductors, capacitors or resonators, as required by the filter.The development of distributed element filters was spurred on by the military need for radar and electronic counter measures during World War II. Lumped element analogue filters had long before been developed but these new military systems operated at microwave frequencies and new filter designs were required. When the war ended, the technology found applications in the microwave links used by telephone companies and other organisations with large fixed-communication networks, such as television broadcasters. Nowadays the technology can be found in several mass-produced consumer items, such as the converters (figure 1 shows an example) used with satellite television dishes.