5-HT Receptor Regulation of Neurotransmitter Release
... axon terminals are examples for release-facilitating 5-HT heteroreceptors. GABA released from GABAergic ...
... axon terminals are examples for release-facilitating 5-HT heteroreceptors. GABA released from GABAergic ...
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL
... hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neurons, I investigated the roles of each SALM in neurite outgrowth. In addition to ...
... hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neurons, I investigated the roles of each SALM in neurite outgrowth. In addition to ...
CHAPTER 49
... • Amoebas, protists, amoeboid cells in multicellular organisms (like macrophages) use actin microfilaments for cellular motion. • Cells form pseudopods - extensions of cytoplasm - help to change shape of cell - causes movement. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this pict ure. ...
... • Amoebas, protists, amoeboid cells in multicellular organisms (like macrophages) use actin microfilaments for cellular motion. • Cells form pseudopods - extensions of cytoplasm - help to change shape of cell - causes movement. QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this pict ure. ...
7 Anatomy and Function of the Normal Rectum and Anus
... anal sphincter cannot clearly be separated [13]. By its action, the puborectalis apposes the back and side walls of the rectum against the anterior wall and jams the rectum against the fixed structures of the triangular ligament; the anal canal is thereby tilted anteriorly, shut, and elevated, and t ...
... anal sphincter cannot clearly be separated [13]. By its action, the puborectalis apposes the back and side walls of the rectum against the anterior wall and jams the rectum against the fixed structures of the triangular ligament; the anal canal is thereby tilted anteriorly, shut, and elevated, and t ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... Gliomodulation of Chemoreflex Transmission at NTS ...
... Gliomodulation of Chemoreflex Transmission at NTS ...
Visual Motion-Detection Circuits in Flies: Small
... comparison of the depth of any arborizations of a neuron to any other. Interspecific comparisons can be standardized among species by using this principle. For example, in all species, the terminals of the L1 large lamina monopolar cell occur at the same depth as the outer dendritic processes of the ...
... comparison of the depth of any arborizations of a neuron to any other. Interspecific comparisons can be standardized among species by using this principle. For example, in all species, the terminals of the L1 large lamina monopolar cell occur at the same depth as the outer dendritic processes of the ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... identified an autosomal recessive mutation in the well-established canine model of narcolepsy; it was reported that this mutation caused the disruption of the OX2R. At the same time, using gene knockout techniques, Chemelli et al.21 found that mice lack- ...
... identified an autosomal recessive mutation in the well-established canine model of narcolepsy; it was reported that this mutation caused the disruption of the OX2R. At the same time, using gene knockout techniques, Chemelli et al.21 found that mice lack- ...
Soltis Autism: a Spectrum of Research Abby Soltis Final Draft Senior
... autistic brain samples (Lee et al., 2002). This suggests that altered receptor structure, presence of the 7 or 4 subunit, may play a factor in low affinity and high affinity nicotinic receptor binding. Nicotinic receptors in the cerebellum and other parts of the brain are known to cause an increas ...
... autistic brain samples (Lee et al., 2002). This suggests that altered receptor structure, presence of the 7 or 4 subunit, may play a factor in low affinity and high affinity nicotinic receptor binding. Nicotinic receptors in the cerebellum and other parts of the brain are known to cause an increas ...
Dendritic Signal Integration
... soma. This attenuation is a significant consideration, because the action potential is initiated in the axon, which typically emanates from the soma. Thus, the soma and axon are often considered to be the final site of synaptic integration. When charge enters a dendrite through synaptically activate ...
... soma. This attenuation is a significant consideration, because the action potential is initiated in the axon, which typically emanates from the soma. Thus, the soma and axon are often considered to be the final site of synaptic integration. When charge enters a dendrite through synaptically activate ...
Bioelectric Phenomena
... With an alert and trained mind, Galvani designed an extended series of experiments to resolve the cause of the mystifying muscle behavior. On repeating the experiments, he found that touching the muscle with a metallic object while the specimen lay on a metal plate provided the condition that result ...
... With an alert and trained mind, Galvani designed an extended series of experiments to resolve the cause of the mystifying muscle behavior. On repeating the experiments, he found that touching the muscle with a metallic object while the specimen lay on a metal plate provided the condition that result ...
Presence of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 in
... The nonisotopic ISHH procedure visualized numerous GHRH mRNA-expressing neurons in the ARH (Fig. 1A) and SS mRNAexpressing neurons in the PVa (Fig. 1B). The development of emulsion autoradiographs exposed for 2 weeks resulted in the heavy accumulation of grain clusters in several diencephalic nuclei ...
... The nonisotopic ISHH procedure visualized numerous GHRH mRNA-expressing neurons in the ARH (Fig. 1A) and SS mRNAexpressing neurons in the PVa (Fig. 1B). The development of emulsion autoradiographs exposed for 2 weeks resulted in the heavy accumulation of grain clusters in several diencephalic nuclei ...
Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth or metabolic change takes place in both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased.” Brain mechanisms and how they can be related to behavior Cell assemblies The details of synaptic plasticity Exp ...
... repeatedly or persistently takes part in firing it, some growth or metabolic change takes place in both cells such that A’s efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased.” Brain mechanisms and how they can be related to behavior Cell assemblies The details of synaptic plasticity Exp ...
PDF - Center for Theoretical Neuroscience
... for so many different neuromodulatory for to determine, it is interesting stances, the modeach, the mechanism underlying of burst amplitude ulation and frequency and Flamm, (Harris-Warrick 1987). There are at least two different classes of general mechanisms by which such a large number of neuromodu ...
... for so many different neuromodulatory for to determine, it is interesting stances, the modeach, the mechanism underlying of burst amplitude ulation and frequency and Flamm, (Harris-Warrick 1987). There are at least two different classes of general mechanisms by which such a large number of neuromodu ...
Chemical Senses
... research must be done with carefully controlled concentrations using a device called a olfactometer. ...
... research must be done with carefully controlled concentrations using a device called a olfactometer. ...
Central Topography of Cranial Motor Nuclei Controlled by
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
... features of vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) organization [1]. Nuclei are clusters of soma of functionally related neurons and are located in highly stereotyped positions. Establishment of this CNS topography is critical to neural circuit assembly. However, little is known of either the cellu ...
Corticosteroid–serotonin interactions in the
... response of the body to a demand’’, may also be described as any environmental change, either internal or external, that disturbs the maintenance of homeostasis (Leonard, 2005). The term ‘‘stress’’ can be used in two ways: either to identify events or circumstances that are perceived adversely (‘‘st ...
... response of the body to a demand’’, may also be described as any environmental change, either internal or external, that disturbs the maintenance of homeostasis (Leonard, 2005). The term ‘‘stress’’ can be used in two ways: either to identify events or circumstances that are perceived adversely (‘‘st ...
Receptors in lateral hypothalamic area involved in - AJP
... inhibiting the sympathetic nerve response to stimulation of the IC. The effective sites were very similar to those for kynurenate. Unlike AP-5, the non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX had no effect on the sympathetic nerve response to IC stimulation. These results indicate that the IC autono ...
... inhibiting the sympathetic nerve response to stimulation of the IC. The effective sites were very similar to those for kynurenate. Unlike AP-5, the non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist CNQX had no effect on the sympathetic nerve response to IC stimulation. These results indicate that the IC autono ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.