Chapter 8 Nervous System
... 2. Bipolar – have one dendrite and one axon – located in some sensory organs (retina of the eye & nasal cavity) 3. Unipolar – have a single axon which divides into two short branches – located mostly in the sensory division of the PNS C. Neuroglia (glial cells) – helper cells of the nervous system – ...
... 2. Bipolar – have one dendrite and one axon – located in some sensory organs (retina of the eye & nasal cavity) 3. Unipolar – have a single axon which divides into two short branches – located mostly in the sensory division of the PNS C. Neuroglia (glial cells) – helper cells of the nervous system – ...
Nervous System - s3.amazonaws.com
... • Steps in neural transmission: – Nerve impulse causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. – Neurotransmitters diffuse across to the postsynaptic membrane – Neurotransmitters bind with postsynaptic receptors in a lock-and-key ...
... • Steps in neural transmission: – Nerve impulse causes synaptic vesicles to fuse with the presynaptic membrane and release neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. – Neurotransmitters diffuse across to the postsynaptic membrane – Neurotransmitters bind with postsynaptic receptors in a lock-and-key ...
doc Behavioural_Neuroscience_Jan_11
... The sodium-potassium pump continuously pushes Na+ ions out of the cell. The membrane is not very permeable to Na+ . Sodium-potassium transporters, energised by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules produced by the mitochondria, exchange 3 Na+ ions for 2 K+ What causes the Action Potential?: ...
... The sodium-potassium pump continuously pushes Na+ ions out of the cell. The membrane is not very permeable to Na+ . Sodium-potassium transporters, energised by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules produced by the mitochondria, exchange 3 Na+ ions for 2 K+ What causes the Action Potential?: ...
013368718X_CH31_483-498.indd
... The Nerve Impulse Nerve impulses are similar to the flow of an electric current through a wire. Neurons have a charge, or electric potential, across their membranes. When resting, the inside of a neuron has a negative charge compared to the outside. This difference is called the resting potential. W ...
... The Nerve Impulse Nerve impulses are similar to the flow of an electric current through a wire. Neurons have a charge, or electric potential, across their membranes. When resting, the inside of a neuron has a negative charge compared to the outside. This difference is called the resting potential. W ...
neurons - haltliappsych
... activate it. When other neurons send enough neurotransmitters to the cell’s dendrites, it reaches it may reach its threshold. • Ions = electrically charged molecules inside and outside each neuron causing a tiny difference in electrical NA+ and charge across the cell K+ ARE membrane. MAJOR PLAYERS ...
... activate it. When other neurons send enough neurotransmitters to the cell’s dendrites, it reaches it may reach its threshold. • Ions = electrically charged molecules inside and outside each neuron causing a tiny difference in electrical NA+ and charge across the cell K+ ARE membrane. MAJOR PLAYERS ...
neuron is
... message that travels down the axon causing release of chemicals from axon terminal (neuron “fires”) • Ions: charged particles that move in and out of the axon ...
... message that travels down the axon causing release of chemicals from axon terminal (neuron “fires”) • Ions: charged particles that move in and out of the axon ...
Nervous Tissue
... Motor output: If necessary, signal effector organs to make an appropriate response. ...
... Motor output: If necessary, signal effector organs to make an appropriate response. ...
Outline 12
... Olfactory cells are the only ___________________ in the body directly exposed to the external environment o They have a life span of only 60 days o Unlike most neurons, they are replaceable o Structure of olfactory cells Shaped like a ___________________ pin Wider part is the soma, containing th ...
... Olfactory cells are the only ___________________ in the body directly exposed to the external environment o They have a life span of only 60 days o Unlike most neurons, they are replaceable o Structure of olfactory cells Shaped like a ___________________ pin Wider part is the soma, containing th ...
Release of chemical transmitters from cell bodies and dendrites of
... transmitter release by presynaptic nerve terminals or gland cells. For example, the time course and magnitude of transmitter release have been measured with extraordinarily high resolution in motoneuron terminals, thanks to the occurrence of miniature endplate potentials and by the measurement of io ...
... transmitter release by presynaptic nerve terminals or gland cells. For example, the time course and magnitude of transmitter release have been measured with extraordinarily high resolution in motoneuron terminals, thanks to the occurrence of miniature endplate potentials and by the measurement of io ...
Understanding alpha2-chimaerin signalling in the normal and
... Eye movements in humans depend on a system of nerves and muscles which rotate the eyeball – the ocular motor system. The correct function of this system depends on the precise navigation of nerves during development; incorrect development leads to eye movement disorders such as squint. Mutations in ...
... Eye movements in humans depend on a system of nerves and muscles which rotate the eyeball – the ocular motor system. The correct function of this system depends on the precise navigation of nerves during development; incorrect development leads to eye movement disorders such as squint. Mutations in ...
Mechanism of Action Overview Sodium channel blockers
... 1. Resting – Channel allows passage of sodium into the cell. 2. Open – Channel allows increased flux of sodium into the cell. 3. Refractory (inactivation) – Channel does not allow passage of sodium into the cell. During the action potential these channels exist in the active state and then undergo f ...
... 1. Resting – Channel allows passage of sodium into the cell. 2. Open – Channel allows increased flux of sodium into the cell. 3. Refractory (inactivation) – Channel does not allow passage of sodium into the cell. During the action potential these channels exist in the active state and then undergo f ...
Lecture 4: Connective tissues
... Temperature variations (hot or cold) 5) Briefly describe the main mechanisms by which solutes exchange across cell membranes. For each mechanism give an example solute and state whether this is an active or passive process. ...
... Temperature variations (hot or cold) 5) Briefly describe the main mechanisms by which solutes exchange across cell membranes. For each mechanism give an example solute and state whether this is an active or passive process. ...
The Peripheral Nervous System
... Soon after each spinal nerve emerges from the spinal cavity, it forms several large branches, each of which is called a ramus. Dorsal Ramus ...
... Soon after each spinal nerve emerges from the spinal cavity, it forms several large branches, each of which is called a ramus. Dorsal Ramus ...
Questions for Exam #3
... Different GPCRs can bind to different G proteins and have different effects. However dif. GPCRs can bind to the same G protein, and trigger the same pathway, yet still have different effects in dif. cells. You’ll get different effects if the target proteins present in the cells – the ones that get m ...
... Different GPCRs can bind to different G proteins and have different effects. However dif. GPCRs can bind to the same G protein, and trigger the same pathway, yet still have different effects in dif. cells. You’ll get different effects if the target proteins present in the cells – the ones that get m ...
Concept Mapping Back Print
... external stimuli. The speed with which these impulses are carried could reduce the incidence of injury to the body by allowing for a quick reaction to a stimulus. 3. Student answers will vary. Sample answer: Two factors that influence the speed with which an impulse is conducted are the diameter of ...
... external stimuli. The speed with which these impulses are carried could reduce the incidence of injury to the body by allowing for a quick reaction to a stimulus. 3. Student answers will vary. Sample answer: Two factors that influence the speed with which an impulse is conducted are the diameter of ...
Neurons
... Sensory Neurons (a.k.a. Afferent Neurons) carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS. Motor Neurons (a.k.a. Efferent Neurons) carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands. Interneurons connect the two neurons. ...
... Sensory Neurons (a.k.a. Afferent Neurons) carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS. Motor Neurons (a.k.a. Efferent Neurons) carry outgoing information from the CNS to muscles and glands. Interneurons connect the two neurons. ...
Anatomy Review
... -5035. (Page 8.) An action potential that reaches the axon terminal causes synaptic vesicles, to fuse with it, releasing ____________ into the _________ _________. a. acetyl choline, postsynaptic neuron b. neurotransmitter, synaptic cleft 36. (Page 8.) The neuron receiving the signal is called the ...
... -5035. (Page 8.) An action potential that reaches the axon terminal causes synaptic vesicles, to fuse with it, releasing ____________ into the _________ _________. a. acetyl choline, postsynaptic neuron b. neurotransmitter, synaptic cleft 36. (Page 8.) The neuron receiving the signal is called the ...
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
... Action potentials occur whenever a depolarization increases the membrane voltage to a particular value, called the threshold, for many mammalian neurons this being -55mV o Action potentials have a constant magnitude and can regenerate in adjacent regions of the membrane o Action potentials can aris ...
... Action potentials occur whenever a depolarization increases the membrane voltage to a particular value, called the threshold, for many mammalian neurons this being -55mV o Action potentials have a constant magnitude and can regenerate in adjacent regions of the membrane o Action potentials can aris ...
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction (sometimes called a myoneural junction) is a junction between nerve and muscle; it is a chemical synapse formed by the contact between the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron and the postsynaptic membrane of a muscle fiber. It is at the neuromuscular junction that a motor neuron is able to transmit a signal to the muscle fiber, causing muscle contraction.Muscles require innervation to function—and even just to maintain muscle tone, avoiding atrophy. Synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction begins when an action potential reaches the presynaptic terminal of a motor neuron, which activates voltage-dependent calcium channels to allow calcium ions to enter the neuron. Calcium ions bind to sensor proteins (synaptotagmin) on synaptic vesicles, triggering vesicle fusion with the cell membrane and subsequent neurotransmitter release from the motor neuron into the synaptic cleft. In vertebrates, motor neurons release acetylcholine (ACh), a small molecule neurotransmitter, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the cell membrane of the muscle fiber, also known as the sarcolemma. nAChRs are ionotropic receptors, meaning they serve as ligand-gated ion channels. The binding of ACh to the receptor can depolarize the muscle fiber, causing a cascade that eventually results in muscle contraction.Neuromuscular junction diseases can be of genetic and autoimmune origin. Genetic disorders, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy, can arise from mutated structural proteins that comprise the neuromuscular junction, whereas autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, occur when antibodies are produced against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on the sarcolemma.