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DNA
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... • Because DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides from the 3’ end that leaves the 5’ end exposed. • The enzyme LIGASE is able to add nucleotides in this direction. • This strand is called the lagging strand and its formation known as discontinuous. • After both strands have been joined by their comp ...
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... DNA polymerase adds NUCLEOTIDES to the 3’ end of each DNA strand. The LEADING strand is synthesized in one piece, while the LAGGING strand is made in pieces called OKAZAKI fragments which must be JOINED or GLUED together by the enzyme LIGASE. HELICASE rejoins the two strands making EXACT copies of t ...
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DNA sequencing



DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides within a DNA molecule. It includes any method or technology that is used to determine the order of the four bases—adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine—in a strand of DNA. The advent of rapid DNA sequencing methods has greatly accelerated biological and medical research and discovery.Knowledge of DNA sequences has become indispensable for basic biological research, and in numerous applied fields such as medical diagnosis, biotechnology, forensic biology, virology and biological systematics. The rapid speed of sequencing attained with modern DNA sequencing technology has been instrumental in the sequencing of complete DNA sequences, or genomes of numerous types and species of life, including the human genome and other complete DNA sequences of many animal, plant, and microbial species.The first DNA sequences were obtained in the early 1970s by academic researchers using laborious methods based on two-dimensional chromatography. Following the development of fluorescence-based sequencing methods with a DNA sequencer, DNA sequencing has become easier and orders of magnitude faster.
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