Título 01 Universidade Fernando Pessoa
... • Shotgun: • Quick, highly redundant – requires 7-9X coverage for sequencing reads of 500-750bp. This means that for the Human Genome of 3 billion bp, 21-27 billion bases need to be sequence to provide adequate fragment overlap. • Computationally intensive • Troubles with repetitive DNA • Original s ...
... • Shotgun: • Quick, highly redundant – requires 7-9X coverage for sequencing reads of 500-750bp. This means that for the Human Genome of 3 billion bp, 21-27 billion bases need to be sequence to provide adequate fragment overlap. • Computationally intensive • Troubles with repetitive DNA • Original s ...
Make sure Welcome to Biology sheet is signed by a parent or
... Hundreds to thousands of amino acids may link together to form a protein. This means there are literally millions of possible proteins that can be created from just 20 amino acids. Amino acids are held together by peptide bonds. Proteins are also called polypeptides (poly = many, amino acids = pepti ...
... Hundreds to thousands of amino acids may link together to form a protein. This means there are literally millions of possible proteins that can be created from just 20 amino acids. Amino acids are held together by peptide bonds. Proteins are also called polypeptides (poly = many, amino acids = pepti ...
Polymerase Chain Reaction
... Amplifying the DNA from a single bacterium or virus using PCR can provide a speedy and accurate diagnosis for serious infections, where getting the right treatment quickly can mean the difference between life and death. PCR is already used in the diagnosis of AIDS, viral meningitis, TB and an ever-g ...
... Amplifying the DNA from a single bacterium or virus using PCR can provide a speedy and accurate diagnosis for serious infections, where getting the right treatment quickly can mean the difference between life and death. PCR is already used in the diagnosis of AIDS, viral meningitis, TB and an ever-g ...
Protein Synthesis Quiz 1
... 25. Which represents a similarity between DNA and RNA? a) Double-stranded helical structure b) The presence of uracil c) The same number of oxygen atoms in each of their pentose sugars d) Nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base e) They are both copied in mitosis 26. Resear ...
... 25. Which represents a similarity between DNA and RNA? a) Double-stranded helical structure b) The presence of uracil c) The same number of oxygen atoms in each of their pentose sugars d) Nucleotides consisting of a phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base e) They are both copied in mitosis 26. Resear ...
Genetic Engineering
... • Cloning is a process that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of an organism. • Researchers have cloned many biological materials, including genes, cell, and entire organisms. ...
... • Cloning is a process that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of an organism. • Researchers have cloned many biological materials, including genes, cell, and entire organisms. ...
HIV and DNA replication
... biologists soon worked out how the molecule is copied in a process called DNA replication. This occurs during the ‘S’ phase of the cell cycle. The process relies on the complementary shapes of the free nucleotide bases pairing with the DNA template strand. The enzyme DNA polymerase plays a vital rol ...
... biologists soon worked out how the molecule is copied in a process called DNA replication. This occurs during the ‘S’ phase of the cell cycle. The process relies on the complementary shapes of the free nucleotide bases pairing with the DNA template strand. The enzyme DNA polymerase plays a vital rol ...
DNA polymerase
... Since DNA is antiparallel, synthesis occurs in opposite directions One strand in continuously synthesized leading strand (5’3’) The other is synthesized in short discontinuous strands - lagging strand (3’5’) Because of this DNA synthesis is called Semidiscontinuous ...
... Since DNA is antiparallel, synthesis occurs in opposite directions One strand in continuously synthesized leading strand (5’3’) The other is synthesized in short discontinuous strands - lagging strand (3’5’) Because of this DNA synthesis is called Semidiscontinuous ...
DNA damage and repair
... [greek] which inserts dAMP opposite thymine residues in a cyclobutane thymine ...
... [greek] which inserts dAMP opposite thymine residues in a cyclobutane thymine ...
DNA_2007
... “code” the English language DNA uses 4 different bases and “sentences” that are thousands of bases long to “code” genetic messages The order of the bases determine the coded message ...
... “code” the English language DNA uses 4 different bases and “sentences” that are thousands of bases long to “code” genetic messages The order of the bases determine the coded message ...
Figure 9.8
... • RNA strands are typically several hundred to several thousand nucleotides in length • In RNA synthesis, only one of the two strands of DNA is used as a template ...
... • RNA strands are typically several hundred to several thousand nucleotides in length • In RNA synthesis, only one of the two strands of DNA is used as a template ...
Biology EOC Review
... Proteins are made from the DNA code. Sections of the DNA code are known as GENES. The proteins allow the GENE to be expressed as a TRAIT with different ALLELES. DNA A A T T T C A G G A G C C T T A C C C ...
... Proteins are made from the DNA code. Sections of the DNA code are known as GENES. The proteins allow the GENE to be expressed as a TRAIT with different ALLELES. DNA A A T T T C A G G A G C C T T A C C C ...
EXAM 1
... a. DNA is cleaved by exonucleases prior to replication b. DNA is synthesized continuously c. DNA is replicated conservatively d. XDNA is replicated semi-discontinuously 22. True/False (1 point each) __T___ Mitosis preserves the genetic composition of daughter cells. __F___ DNA replicates between Mei ...
... a. DNA is cleaved by exonucleases prior to replication b. DNA is synthesized continuously c. DNA is replicated conservatively d. XDNA is replicated semi-discontinuously 22. True/False (1 point each) __T___ Mitosis preserves the genetic composition of daughter cells. __F___ DNA replicates between Mei ...
Document
... PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction What is it? Process used to amplify DNA: replication into thousands of copies. How does it work? DNA isolated, purified, heated to denature Primer used: Primer = short, conserved DNA region Complementary to ends of DNA to be amplified + Taq polymerase, nucleotides, bu ...
... PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction What is it? Process used to amplify DNA: replication into thousands of copies. How does it work? DNA isolated, purified, heated to denature Primer used: Primer = short, conserved DNA region Complementary to ends of DNA to be amplified + Taq polymerase, nucleotides, bu ...
Structure of DNA - Plain Local Schools
... 4. If six bases on one strand of DNA are AGTCGG what are the six bases on lthe complementary section of the other strand of DNA? ...
... 4. If six bases on one strand of DNA are AGTCGG what are the six bases on lthe complementary section of the other strand of DNA? ...
Sickle Cell Anemia Lab
... Background Information Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein located in red blood cells that’s responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. This mutation gives red blood cells their texture and sickle shape, which causes them ...
... Background Information Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein located in red blood cells that’s responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. This mutation gives red blood cells their texture and sickle shape, which causes them ...
Chapter 12 Test Review
... 5. A DNA nucleotide is composed of a phosphate, Deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogen base. 6. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on structure of DNA 7. The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA 8. Which molecule carries the genetic code? DNA 9. DNA is composed of ...
... 5. A DNA nucleotide is composed of a phosphate, Deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogen base. 6. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on structure of DNA 7. The two types of nucleic acids are DNA and RNA 8. Which molecule carries the genetic code? DNA 9. DNA is composed of ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS - Yale School of Medicine
... Today we are going to discuss the genetic material or DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid (write on the board and then have children say this). DNA is referred to as the blueprint for life. Show model of DNA and ask what kind of structure is this? Helix. The building blocks of DNA are deoxyribonucleotides. D ...
... Today we are going to discuss the genetic material or DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid (write on the board and then have children say this). DNA is referred to as the blueprint for life. Show model of DNA and ask what kind of structure is this? Helix. The building blocks of DNA are deoxyribonucleotides. D ...
DNA Consulting Introduces Home DNA Fingerprint Test for Ancestry
... make each of us unique and compares them to a database containing scores from ethnic groups all around the world. This new addition to the existing range of genetic genealogy tools allows consumers to see their Top Ten matches in 180 populations. According to owner and principal investigator Donald ...
... make each of us unique and compares them to a database containing scores from ethnic groups all around the world. This new addition to the existing range of genetic genealogy tools allows consumers to see their Top Ten matches in 180 populations. According to owner and principal investigator Donald ...
Genetics Assessment
... of phosphate groups and sugar molecules. There is an almost endless repetition of these substances. Each rung of the ladder is composed of a pair of nitrogen compounds called bases. DNA molecules are composed of combinations of four bases. They are guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine. A deoxyrib ...
... of phosphate groups and sugar molecules. There is an almost endless repetition of these substances. Each rung of the ladder is composed of a pair of nitrogen compounds called bases. DNA molecules are composed of combinations of four bases. They are guanine, cytosine, adenine, and thymine. A deoxyrib ...
DNA polymerase
... to different locations in the cell where proteins are made, based on the information provided by the DNA. These proteins are then used by the cells to accomplish various tasks. ...
... to different locations in the cell where proteins are made, based on the information provided by the DNA. These proteins are then used by the cells to accomplish various tasks. ...
Lecture #7 Date
... DNA there are too many bands for analysis? Use southern blotting Southern Blot – combines gel electrophoresis and nucleic acid hybridization (next slide) RFLP (restriction length polymorphism) – differences in the restriction sites on homologous chromosomes that result in different restriction fragm ...
... DNA there are too many bands for analysis? Use southern blotting Southern Blot – combines gel electrophoresis and nucleic acid hybridization (next slide) RFLP (restriction length polymorphism) – differences in the restriction sites on homologous chromosomes that result in different restriction fragm ...
ch 20 biotech clicker questions
... How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from restriction enzymes? a) by forming "sticky ends" of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme from attaching b) by using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle c) by reinforcing the bacterial DNA structure with covalent phosphodiester ...
... How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from restriction enzymes? a) by forming "sticky ends" of bacterial DNA to prevent the enzyme from attaching b) by using DNA ligase to seal the bacterial DNA into a closed circle c) by reinforcing the bacterial DNA structure with covalent phosphodiester ...
DNA Replication Paper Clip Activity
... STEP SEVEN: To demonstrate a gene mutation, place one of your paper clip hGH DNA strands in front of you. Identify the second nucleotide base called Adenine (A), which is blue. To cause a mutation, remove this 2nd blue clip and replace it with a red Cytosine (C) clip. You have just demonstrated how ...
... STEP SEVEN: To demonstrate a gene mutation, place one of your paper clip hGH DNA strands in front of you. Identify the second nucleotide base called Adenine (A), which is blue. To cause a mutation, remove this 2nd blue clip and replace it with a red Cytosine (C) clip. You have just demonstrated how ...
DNA repair
DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.