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Objectives 10 - u.arizona.edu
Objectives 10 - u.arizona.edu

... of action. Substrate analogs (dNTPS) can be incorporated into DNA by polymerase and end replication due to their 3’ hydroxyl group which cannot bind: Azidothymidine (AZT) terminates replication by replacing the 3’ hydroxyl group. Acyclovir in an effective anti-herpes virus drug because the herpes th ...
Section 12-1
Section 12-1

... b. Therefore, in DNA, A pairs with T; C pairs with G C. Rosalind Franklin (1952) used X-ray diffraction to study the structure of DNA D. Watson and Crick (1953) made a model of DNA (fig 12-7) a. Showed that DNA was a double stranded molecule, called a double helix b. DNA is 2 strands of nucleotides ...
13.2 Notes - Trimble County Schools
13.2 Notes - Trimble County Schools

... Short Tandem Repeats (STR) • Latest method of DNA analysis • Locations on the chromosome that contain short sequence elements that repeat • Less than 400 base pairs • Shorter than RFLP • Less susceptible to degradation • Can be recovered from bodies or stains that have been subject to decompositio ...
MS Word
MS Word

... Gender determination in animals X-inactivation and how it results in mosaicism Aneuploidy and some specific examples in humans How non-disjunction in meiosis affects gamete content and aneuploidy Polyploidy Major chromosomal modification events Part 5 Replication and repair You should know and under ...
UNIT: Cell Growth and reproduction
UNIT: Cell Growth and reproduction

... 1. Use your two red pieces of licorice to assemble a strand of DNA with the following nucleotide sequence A-T-C-G. You will use the toothpicks to attach the nitrogen bases (gummy bears) to the sugar-phosphate backbones (licorice). 2. Attach the complementary nucleotides to the other side of the toot ...
Honors DNA Review What are bacteriophages? Virus that infects
Honors DNA Review What are bacteriophages? Virus that infects

... (very strong bonds so a strand of DNA cannot be broken) 12. What is the bond between two bases? hydrogen (very weak bonds, this allows DNA to be opened and used) 13. What base links with thymine? Adenine 14. What base links with adenine? Thymine for DNA (Uracil for RNA) 15. Who discovered the shape ...
ppt - Faculty
ppt - Faculty

... New nucleotides are placed in the fork and link to the corresponding parental nucleotide already there (A with T, C with G). Prokaryotes open a single ...
Forensic Science: An Introduction
Forensic Science: An Introduction

... • A polymer made of repeating nucleotides • Nucleotide consists of a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base (Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, or Guanine) • Double stranded, helical • Complementary base pairing, A=T, G=C ...
DNA
DNA

Slide 1
Slide 1

... • The bases hydrogen bond with each other to hold the strands together • The base from one strand bonds with the base from the other forming a complementary base pair a. ADENINE bonds with ...
DNA Technology
DNA Technology

... So why don’t we make all kinds of new animals and plants? We don’t know how it will affect our environment ...
12–1 - cloudfront.net
12–1 - cloudfront.net

... 22. Is the following sentence true or false? Adenine and guanine are larger molecules than true ...
TElomere Reverse Transcriptase
TElomere Reverse Transcriptase

... can only add nucleotides to an existing 3’ end. 7. DNA polymerase III-actually a complex of several enzymes; it is fast but can only attach new nucleotides to the 3’ end of an existing strand; also can not fill in the last 3-5 nucleotides in a gap 8. DNA polymerase I-much slower removes the RNA prim ...
Lucerne Publishing F
Lucerne Publishing F

No Slide Title
No Slide Title

DNA metabolism
DNA metabolism

... Defects in genes encoding proteins involved in mismatch repair, nucleotide-excision repair, and recombinational repair can cause cancer Nucleotide-excision repair sole repair pathway for pyrimidine dimers genetic defect causes XP, xeroderma pigmentosa, these individuals are extremely sensitive to su ...
DNA and Protein Synthesis Review Questions
DNA and Protein Synthesis Review Questions

... The test will mostly cover DNA – practical questions will ask you to copy DNA, transcribe DNA into RNA code, or use the protein wheel There will also be some Punnett squares for heredity, and a few concept questions. Human Genetics Unit - Do identical twins have to look exactly the same? Explain ...
SAY IT WITH DNA: Protein Synthesis Tutorial by Larry Flammer
SAY IT WITH DNA: Protein Synthesis Tutorial by Larry Flammer

... practice in base-pair matching and following the sequence as performed by cells. Further practice is provided by requesting students to create new DNA messages which can be "decoded biologically" by others. CONCEPTS DNA is the central repository of information (in molecular code form) which controls ...
DNA lecture Notes
DNA lecture Notes

... only with T and C only with G. • This will help explain how it copies itself Why does adenine only bond with thymine? Cytosine with guanine? ...
Using reverse transcriptase
Using reverse transcriptase

... • Restriction enzymes are used by bacteria to cut up the viral DNA. • These enzymes cut DNA at specific sites – this property can be useful in gene ...
Bio07_TR__U04_CH13.QXD
Bio07_TR__U04_CH13.QXD

... similar to those used for plant cells. Many egg cells are large enough that DNA can be directly injected into the nucleus. Once inside, the repair enzymes may help insert the DNA fragment into the chromosomes of the injected cell. ...
DNA - Central Magnet School
DNA - Central Magnet School

... DNA double helixes – each containing one strand from the original molecule and one newly made complementary strand ...
36_sequencing
36_sequencing

... Now that the sequence is known, it is possible to amplify that region from other individuals, using PCR (polymerase chain reaction). ...
Chapter 12.1 Notes
Chapter 12.1 Notes

... • Worked with bacteriophages (Viruses that attack bacteria) • Side by side experiments were performed to see if it was the protein or the DNA of the virus that infected the host • Conclusion: AVERY WAS RIGHT! ...
introductory slides
introductory slides

... “It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material” ...
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DNA repair



DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as UV light and radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in as many as 1 million individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs).The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states: an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerousThe DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.
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