DNA notes 2014
... • A desired _________ can be isolated and millions of copies made • These copies can then be analyzed to determine the gene’s _______________ sequence • This nucleotide sequence can be decoded to find the sequence of __________________ in the corresponding protein • Functioning genes can be ________ ...
... • A desired _________ can be isolated and millions of copies made • These copies can then be analyzed to determine the gene’s _______________ sequence • This nucleotide sequence can be decoded to find the sequence of __________________ in the corresponding protein • Functioning genes can be ________ ...
DNA Synthesis aka DNA Replication
... • Chromosomes must be “unwound” back to chromatin through the removing of histone proteins. ...
... • Chromosomes must be “unwound” back to chromatin through the removing of histone proteins. ...
Campbell`s Biology, 9e (Reece et al.)
... contents are left in a covered test tube overnight. The next day this mixture is sprayed on tobacco plants. Which of the following would be expected to occur? A) The plants would develop some but not all of the symptoms of the TMV infection. B) The plants would develop symptoms typically produced by ...
... contents are left in a covered test tube overnight. The next day this mixture is sprayed on tobacco plants. Which of the following would be expected to occur? A) The plants would develop some but not all of the symptoms of the TMV infection. B) The plants would develop symptoms typically produced by ...
The dual nature of homologous recombination in plants
... metabolic activities. Numbers are not available for plants, but it has been estimated that 5–10% of first passage primary fibroblasts from mice or humans have a chromosome break (discussed in Ref. [33]). In plants and vertebrates most of these breaks are repaired by nonhomologous-end joining (NHEJ), ...
... metabolic activities. Numbers are not available for plants, but it has been estimated that 5–10% of first passage primary fibroblasts from mice or humans have a chromosome break (discussed in Ref. [33]). In plants and vertebrates most of these breaks are repaired by nonhomologous-end joining (NHEJ), ...
The Genetic Material
... DNA Can Form a Triple Helix • synthetic DNA oligomers (short pieces) were found to complex to double stranded DNA forming a triplex •found to occur in nature during some instances of recombination and also during telomerase activity (extension of DNA ends) ...
... DNA Can Form a Triple Helix • synthetic DNA oligomers (short pieces) were found to complex to double stranded DNA forming a triplex •found to occur in nature during some instances of recombination and also during telomerase activity (extension of DNA ends) ...
Genes!!
... They knew genes do these critical things: • Carry information from one generation to ...
... They knew genes do these critical things: • Carry information from one generation to ...
Bio 102 Practice Problems
... 2. DNA polymerase cannot start synthesis without a primer; because of this limitation, a cell's DNA actually contains some short stretches of RNA. 3. Watson and Crick’s DNA structure was especially convincing because it immediately suggested a hypothesis for how a nucleotide sequence could be transl ...
... 2. DNA polymerase cannot start synthesis without a primer; because of this limitation, a cell's DNA actually contains some short stretches of RNA. 3. Watson and Crick’s DNA structure was especially convincing because it immediately suggested a hypothesis for how a nucleotide sequence could be transl ...
File
... At Metaphase I, homologous pairs aligned on the equatorial plate of the dividing cell. The diploid cells are the centre row. They will divide, as for anaphase I,vertically. The homologous pair are both held on the same spindle microtubule (green dashed line). Anaphase I will separate the homologous ...
... At Metaphase I, homologous pairs aligned on the equatorial plate of the dividing cell. The diploid cells are the centre row. They will divide, as for anaphase I,vertically. The homologous pair are both held on the same spindle microtubule (green dashed line). Anaphase I will separate the homologous ...
Spatial ordering and abnormal optical activity of DNA liquid
... the moment of their close approaching. The distance between ds DNA molecules is determined by a balance between the repulsive intermolecular forces, and the compressing osmotic pressure of the PEG solution. The minimization of the excluded volume of neighboring linear, rigid, ds DNA molecules induce ...
... the moment of their close approaching. The distance between ds DNA molecules is determined by a balance between the repulsive intermolecular forces, and the compressing osmotic pressure of the PEG solution. The minimization of the excluded volume of neighboring linear, rigid, ds DNA molecules induce ...
How many tetrads are there in metaphase I of
... C. DNA polymerase helps to break hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs. D. none of the above 5. Which of the following options would result from the actions of DNA polymerase during DNA replication? A. Two DNA polymerase molecules act to synthesize a short segment of daughter DNA strand fr ...
... C. DNA polymerase helps to break hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs. D. none of the above 5. Which of the following options would result from the actions of DNA polymerase during DNA replication? A. Two DNA polymerase molecules act to synthesize a short segment of daughter DNA strand fr ...
Meiosis
... The number of possible chromosome combinations in the haploid nuclei is potentially very large. In general, the number of possible chromosome combinations is 2n, where n is the number of chromosome pairs. For example, in fruit flies, which have 4 chromosome pairs, the number of possible combinations ...
... The number of possible chromosome combinations in the haploid nuclei is potentially very large. In general, the number of possible chromosome combinations is 2n, where n is the number of chromosome pairs. For example, in fruit flies, which have 4 chromosome pairs, the number of possible combinations ...
Answers to End-of-Chapter Questions – Brooker et al ARIS site
... c. New DNA molecules are composed of strands that are a mixture of sections from the old molecule and sections that are new. d. None of the above. Answer: b. DNA is replicated semi-conservatively, where each new molecule is composed of an old strand, parental strand, and one new strand, daughter st ...
... c. New DNA molecules are composed of strands that are a mixture of sections from the old molecule and sections that are new. d. None of the above. Answer: b. DNA is replicated semi-conservatively, where each new molecule is composed of an old strand, parental strand, and one new strand, daughter st ...
Question_Bank_5th_Sem
... 1. An enzyme that recognizes a specific (palindromic) sequence and cuts within a DNA molecule is called a(n): (a)exonuclease (b)methylase (c)modification enzyme (d)restriction endonuclease 2. The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA polymerase is from ...
... 1. An enzyme that recognizes a specific (palindromic) sequence and cuts within a DNA molecule is called a(n): (a)exonuclease (b)methylase (c)modification enzyme (d)restriction endonuclease 2. The necessary ingredients for DNA synthesis can be mixed together in a test tube. The DNA polymerase is from ...
transcription, translation
... 1. Does the mRNA model more closely resemble the DNA strand from which it was transcribed or the complementary strand that wasn’t used? Explain 2. Explain how the structure of DNA enables the molecule to be easily transcribed. Whys is this important for genetic information? 3. Whys is RNA important ...
... 1. Does the mRNA model more closely resemble the DNA strand from which it was transcribed or the complementary strand that wasn’t used? Explain 2. Explain how the structure of DNA enables the molecule to be easily transcribed. Whys is this important for genetic information? 3. Whys is RNA important ...
Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage
... on dierent chromosomes so independent assortment occurs during meiosis. The ospring have an equal chance of being the parental type (inheriting the same combination of traits as the parents) or a nonparental type (inheriting a dierent combination of traits than the parents). In (b), two genes are ...
... on dierent chromosomes so independent assortment occurs during meiosis. The ospring have an equal chance of being the parental type (inheriting the same combination of traits as the parents) or a nonparental type (inheriting a dierent combination of traits than the parents). In (b), two genes are ...
Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage
... on dierent chromosomes so independent assortment occurs during meiosis. The ospring have an equal chance of being the parental type (inheriting the same combination of traits as the parents) or a nonparental type (inheriting a dierent combination of traits than the parents). In (b), two genes are ...
... on dierent chromosomes so independent assortment occurs during meiosis. The ospring have an equal chance of being the parental type (inheriting the same combination of traits as the parents) or a nonparental type (inheriting a dierent combination of traits than the parents). In (b), two genes are ...
Molecular Basis of Inheritance
... bacteria form a pellet The supernatant is radioactive, but the pellet is not. ...
... bacteria form a pellet The supernatant is radioactive, but the pellet is not. ...
DNA - Lamar County School District
... • Takes short pieces of DNA from one organism and joins it to the DNA of a completely different organism. • This can be placed back into a living cell by transformation. ...
... • Takes short pieces of DNA from one organism and joins it to the DNA of a completely different organism. • This can be placed back into a living cell by transformation. ...
Effectiveness Measures for Technical Publications
... Most purification methods disrupt cells using lysis buffer containing: • Detergent to disrupt the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane • Denaturants to release chromosomal DNA and denature proteins Additional enzymes are required for lysis of some cell types: • Gram-positive bacteria require lysozyme ...
... Most purification methods disrupt cells using lysis buffer containing: • Detergent to disrupt the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane • Denaturants to release chromosomal DNA and denature proteins Additional enzymes are required for lysis of some cell types: • Gram-positive bacteria require lysozyme ...
DNA Replication
... What does the abbreviation DNA stand for? Distinguish between purines and pyrimidines. What was the significance of Franklin and Wilkins’s X-ray diffraction photographs regarding DNA structure? ...
... What does the abbreviation DNA stand for? Distinguish between purines and pyrimidines. What was the significance of Franklin and Wilkins’s X-ray diffraction photographs regarding DNA structure? ...
411-4 OUTLINE I. Spontaneous mutation A. Single base pair
... Limitation to fingerprinting system: single base pair changes only detected= Surprise- only 10% of spontaneous changes are base pair changes! OH Frameshifts- one incredible hotspot- ca 2/3 of all mutations ...
... Limitation to fingerprinting system: single base pair changes only detected= Surprise- only 10% of spontaneous changes are base pair changes! OH Frameshifts- one incredible hotspot- ca 2/3 of all mutations ...
DNA & RNA Notes
... Mutation: Permanent change in a cell’s DNA, ranging from changes in a single base pair to deletions of large sections of chromosomes. ...
... Mutation: Permanent change in a cell’s DNA, ranging from changes in a single base pair to deletions of large sections of chromosomes. ...
APDNA 2015 16
... chromosomes get shorter with each replication limit to number of cell divisions? ...
... chromosomes get shorter with each replication limit to number of cell divisions? ...
Large molecules: Carbohydrates,DNA to Protein
... Molecular events in DNA replication DNA replication is a multi-step process involving: • DNA Polymerase • DNA Helicase (to unwind helix) • Single-Strand Binding Proteins (to stabilize ssDNA) ...
... Molecular events in DNA replication DNA replication is a multi-step process involving: • DNA Polymerase • DNA Helicase (to unwind helix) • Single-Strand Binding Proteins (to stabilize ssDNA) ...
Homologous recombination
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which nucleotide sequences are exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of DNA. It is most widely used by cells to accurately repair harmful breaks that occur on both strands of DNA, known as double-strand breaks. Homologous recombination also produces new combinations of DNA sequences during meiosis, the process by which eukaryotes make gamete cells, like sperm and egg cells in animals. These new combinations of DNA represent genetic variation in offspring, which in turn enables populations to adapt during the course of evolution. Homologous recombination is also used in horizontal gene transfer to exchange genetic material between different strains and species of bacteria and viruses.Although homologous recombination varies widely among different organisms and cell types, most forms involve the same basic steps. After a double-strand break occurs, sections of DNA around the 5' ends of the break are cut away in a process called resection. In the strand invasion step that follows, an overhanging 3' end of the broken DNA molecule then ""invades"" a similar or identical DNA molecule that is not broken. After strand invasion, the further sequence of events may follow either of two main pathways discussed below (see Models); the DSBR (double-strand break repair) pathway or the SDSA (synthesis-dependent strand annealing) pathway. Homologous recombination that occurs during DNA repair tends to result in non-crossover products, in effect restoring the damaged DNA molecule as it existed before the double-strand break.Homologous recombination is conserved across all three domains of life as well as viruses, suggesting that it is a nearly universal biological mechanism. The discovery of genes for homologous recombination in protists—a diverse group of eukaryotic microorganisms—has been interpreted as evidence that meiosis emerged early in the evolution of eukaryotes. Since their dysfunction has been strongly associated with increased susceptibility to several types of cancer, the proteins that facilitate homologous recombination are topics of active research. Homologous recombination is also used in gene targeting, a technique for introducing genetic changes into target organisms. For their development of this technique, Mario Capecchi, Martin Evans and Oliver Smithies were awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine.