Chapter 13 - Bellbrook
... Restriction enzymes Some types of bacteria contain powerful defenses against viruses. These cells contain proteins called restriction enzymes that recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences and cleave the DNA within that sequence. A restriction enzyme, also called an endonuclease (en doh NEW klee ...
... Restriction enzymes Some types of bacteria contain powerful defenses against viruses. These cells contain proteins called restriction enzymes that recognize and bind to specific DNA sequences and cleave the DNA within that sequence. A restriction enzyme, also called an endonuclease (en doh NEW klee ...
MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DNA AND RNA
... viral genetic material, the bacterial cytoplasm provides all of the machinery necessary to make viral proteins and DNA. The viral proteins and DNA assemble to make new viruses that are subsequently released from the cell by lysis (i.e., cell breakage). To verify that DNA is the genetic material of T ...
... viral genetic material, the bacterial cytoplasm provides all of the machinery necessary to make viral proteins and DNA. The viral proteins and DNA assemble to make new viruses that are subsequently released from the cell by lysis (i.e., cell breakage). To verify that DNA is the genetic material of T ...
15. nucleic acids
... A perusal of the structure of the two types of sugars reveals that D-ribose is the parent sugar while D-2-deoxyribose is a derivative in which OH group on C2 has been replaced by an H atom. The two sugars may be differentiated by means of specific colour reactions. Ribose reacts with orcinol in hydr ...
... A perusal of the structure of the two types of sugars reveals that D-ribose is the parent sugar while D-2-deoxyribose is a derivative in which OH group on C2 has been replaced by an H atom. The two sugars may be differentiated by means of specific colour reactions. Ribose reacts with orcinol in hydr ...
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... and the appearance of NHEJ hallmarks in the fusion points [15– 17,34]. We tested this hypothesis in this study. Numts inserted from the mitochondria potentially could be inserted by homologous recombination between chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA. If this is true, numt-flanking regions should show ...
... and the appearance of NHEJ hallmarks in the fusion points [15– 17,34]. We tested this hypothesis in this study. Numts inserted from the mitochondria potentially could be inserted by homologous recombination between chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA. If this is true, numt-flanking regions should show ...
Spectrum-Like Graphical Representation of DNA Based on Codons
... which, at equal intervals, are placed sequentially spots (points) corresponding to nucleotides as they appear in the DNA sequence. In Fig. 4 we show an alternative 1-D spectrum-like representation, outlined in ref. [22] of the same DNA obtained by assigning first to A, C, G, and T the values -1, -2, ...
... which, at equal intervals, are placed sequentially spots (points) corresponding to nucleotides as they appear in the DNA sequence. In Fig. 4 we show an alternative 1-D spectrum-like representation, outlined in ref. [22] of the same DNA obtained by assigning first to A, C, G, and T the values -1, -2, ...
Sequence-specific RNA Photocleavage by Single
... there are uracil nucleotides in the RNA sequence and the DNA strand is complementary to the target sequence expect to form a G•U wobble in between. (2) Though the minimal size of DNA strand is 13 nt in length, high sequence specificity could be achieved by increase the length of DNA stand to form th ...
... there are uracil nucleotides in the RNA sequence and the DNA strand is complementary to the target sequence expect to form a G•U wobble in between. (2) Though the minimal size of DNA strand is 13 nt in length, high sequence specificity could be achieved by increase the length of DNA stand to form th ...
Microarray-based DNA methylation profiling: technology and
... The AATT-overhang specific adaptor ‘AATT-1’ for the methylated DNA fraction fits to DNA ends produced by the restriction enzyme TasI (TspEI), whereas the ‘TA-1’ adaptor fits to ends produced by Csp6I, BfaI or MseI, respectively: AATT-1a, 50 -AATTGAGACTGACTACCAGAT-30 ; AATT-1b, 50 -AGTTACATCTGGTAGTCA ...
... The AATT-overhang specific adaptor ‘AATT-1’ for the methylated DNA fraction fits to DNA ends produced by the restriction enzyme TasI (TspEI), whereas the ‘TA-1’ adaptor fits to ends produced by Csp6I, BfaI or MseI, respectively: AATT-1a, 50 -AATTGAGACTGACTACCAGAT-30 ; AATT-1b, 50 -AGTTACATCTGGTAGTCA ...
DNA: Its Mutation, Repair, and Recombination
... sites within a gene hampered the analysis of mutational sites within a gene by means of recombination. If two mutant genes are functional alleles (involving different sites on the same gene), a distinct probability exists that we will get both mutant sites (and both wild-type sites) on the same chro ...
... sites within a gene hampered the analysis of mutational sites within a gene by means of recombination. If two mutant genes are functional alleles (involving different sites on the same gene), a distinct probability exists that we will get both mutant sites (and both wild-type sites) on the same chro ...
Molecular events during translocation and proofreading extracted
... DNA polymerase structures in family B are represented by those from bacteriophages, herpesvirus (20), bacteria (1Q8I), archaea (21–23) and eukaryotes (24,25). They share a common architecture. The N-terminal (residues 1–380 in RB69 numbering), palm (404–729) and thumb (730–903) domains are arranged ...
... DNA polymerase structures in family B are represented by those from bacteriophages, herpesvirus (20), bacteria (1Q8I), archaea (21–23) and eukaryotes (24,25). They share a common architecture. The N-terminal (residues 1–380 in RB69 numbering), palm (404–729) and thumb (730–903) domains are arranged ...
Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals | Target the Gene Silence the Disease
... therapeutic named ARC-520 that is designed to decrease viral protein load via RNA interference (RNAi). ARC-520 is composed of 2 cholesterol-conjugated siRNAs and a hepatocyte-targeted membrane-lytic-peptide (NAG-MLP). When injected as ARC-520, cholesterol-siRNA is taken up by hepatocytes and releas ...
... therapeutic named ARC-520 that is designed to decrease viral protein load via RNA interference (RNAi). ARC-520 is composed of 2 cholesterol-conjugated siRNAs and a hepatocyte-targeted membrane-lytic-peptide (NAG-MLP). When injected as ARC-520, cholesterol-siRNA is taken up by hepatocytes and releas ...
Quantum Tunneling in DNA
... DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that encodes all necessary genetic information for use in living organisms–as the atom is said to be the building block of the universe, DNA can be thought of as the building block, or perhaps more accurately as the blueprint for life. Much research has go ...
... DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that encodes all necessary genetic information for use in living organisms–as the atom is said to be the building block of the universe, DNA can be thought of as the building block, or perhaps more accurately as the blueprint for life. Much research has go ...
IntroDNA - Duke University
... I-DNA: intercalated parallel-stranded duplexes Richard Lavery Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris ...
... I-DNA: intercalated parallel-stranded duplexes Richard Lavery Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris ...
AP Bio Chapter 16-20 Practice test
... d. an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process e. an enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication ____ 43. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called? a. introns b. exons c. codons d. replicons e. transposons ____ 44. Once transcribed, eu ...
... d. an enzyme that synthesizes RNA as part of the transcription process e. an enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers during DNA replication ____ 43. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called? a. introns b. exons c. codons d. replicons e. transposons ____ 44. Once transcribed, eu ...
Transcription Flip-Book
... of the picture cards out. Each of the picture cards represents a chronological step involved in transcription. 4. Instruct students to place the picture cards in the chronological order of the transcription process. The students should write a description of the picture on the back of the card. The ...
... of the picture cards out. Each of the picture cards represents a chronological step involved in transcription. 4. Instruct students to place the picture cards in the chronological order of the transcription process. The students should write a description of the picture on the back of the card. The ...
Detection of DNA molecules by SERS spectroscopy with silvered
... is widely used in many areas of human life such as medical diagnostics, gene therapy, forensic science, etc. [1, 2]. For many years, the polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent spectroscopy have been the most popular methods used in practice to study DNA [3]. Such methods are proven and reliable bu ...
... is widely used in many areas of human life such as medical diagnostics, gene therapy, forensic science, etc. [1, 2]. For many years, the polymerase chain reaction and fluorescent spectroscopy have been the most popular methods used in practice to study DNA [3]. Such methods are proven and reliable bu ...
The Role of DNA Structure and Dynamics in the
... BII conformation (CpG and GpT on the two strands). The protein E2/E2-BS system is of particular interest because the recognition clearly involves both direct and indirect readouts of DNA. The selection of the specific target by the protein may proceed along several non-exclusive strategies: (i) inte ...
... BII conformation (CpG and GpT on the two strands). The protein E2/E2-BS system is of particular interest because the recognition clearly involves both direct and indirect readouts of DNA. The selection of the specific target by the protein may proceed along several non-exclusive strategies: (i) inte ...
Finding Data in DNA: Computer Forensic Investigations of Living
... lengths of DNA sequences that may or may not be three bases in length. While not codons in the strict biological sense, we will refer to these encoding patterns as codons for the purpose of this manuscript. 1.1 DNA Computing DNA computing is an emerging new research field that uses DNA molecules ins ...
... lengths of DNA sequences that may or may not be three bases in length. While not codons in the strict biological sense, we will refer to these encoding patterns as codons for the purpose of this manuscript. 1.1 DNA Computing DNA computing is an emerging new research field that uses DNA molecules ins ...
(Chapter 9): Molecular Structure of DNA and RNA
... Therefore, the viral genome is composed of RNA ...
... Therefore, the viral genome is composed of RNA ...
Coffee, B, Muralidharan, K, Highsmith Jr., WE, Lapunzina, P and Warren, ST: Molecular diagnosis of Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome using quantitative methylation-sensitive polymerase chain reaction; Genetics in Medicine, Vol 8 - No.10 (2006).
... In this method, genomic DNA is treated with sodium bisulfite, which deaminates unmethylated cytosines to uracil. Methylated cytosines are resistant to this deamination and after sodium bisulfite treatment will remain as cytosines. After desulfonation and purification the DNA is used as a template in ...
... In this method, genomic DNA is treated with sodium bisulfite, which deaminates unmethylated cytosines to uracil. Methylated cytosines are resistant to this deamination and after sodium bisulfite treatment will remain as cytosines. After desulfonation and purification the DNA is used as a template in ...
Collaborative coupling between polymerase and helicase for
... holoenzyme destabilizes the first few base pairs of the fork thereby increasing the efficiency of helicase unwinding. The model implies that both enzymes are localized at the fork, but does not require a specific interaction between them. The model quantitatively reproduces homologous and heterologo ...
... holoenzyme destabilizes the first few base pairs of the fork thereby increasing the efficiency of helicase unwinding. The model implies that both enzymes are localized at the fork, but does not require a specific interaction between them. The model quantitatively reproduces homologous and heterologo ...
HLA-B27 real-time PCR using TaqMan
... The aim of our study was to adapt our conventional allele specific HLA-B27 protocol to a fluorogenic real time (RT-PCR) method. The allele specific PCR detects the presence of the B*27 genotype by amplifying a region between primer sets that recognise only B*27 specific sequences. The PCR reaction a ...
... The aim of our study was to adapt our conventional allele specific HLA-B27 protocol to a fluorogenic real time (RT-PCR) method. The allele specific PCR detects the presence of the B*27 genotype by amplifying a region between primer sets that recognise only B*27 specific sequences. The PCR reaction a ...
Highly efficient nuclear DNA typing of the World War II skeletal
... DNA typing of bone and tooth samples has been successfully used in anthropological studies and forensic identification analysis (1,2). Nuclear DNA is the preferred genome of amplification for forensic purposes as it is individually specific and provides bi-parental kinship information (3). The succe ...
... DNA typing of bone and tooth samples has been successfully used in anthropological studies and forensic identification analysis (1,2). Nuclear DNA is the preferred genome of amplification for forensic purposes as it is individually specific and provides bi-parental kinship information (3). The succe ...
Function of E. coli RNA Polymerase Factor 70 in
... primarily in nontemplate strand bases of the transcription bubble, particularly at 12 and 16 (Ring and Roberts, 1994). Only the naturally paused complex has the correct conformation or components to be modified in vitro by the gene Q antiterminator, as assayed either by footprinting of Q protein bou ...
... primarily in nontemplate strand bases of the transcription bubble, particularly at 12 and 16 (Ring and Roberts, 1994). Only the naturally paused complex has the correct conformation or components to be modified in vitro by the gene Q antiterminator, as assayed either by footprinting of Q protein bou ...
biomolecules (introduction, structure and functions)
... Base stacking: The structures are stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between adjacent bases brought about by electrons in π rings. It is these π-π interactions, which are described as base stacking forces. Alternative forms of base pairing: Watson-Crick base pairs (A: T and G:C) are predomi ...
... Base stacking: The structures are stabilized by hydrophobic interactions between adjacent bases brought about by electrons in π rings. It is these π-π interactions, which are described as base stacking forces. Alternative forms of base pairing: Watson-Crick base pairs (A: T and G:C) are predomi ...
Quantitative real-time PCR assay for rapid detection of
... amplified with RAPD and URP primers failed to produce distinct banding pattern (data not shown). The fingerprinting pattern by URP-9F produced bands 200 bp to 1.5 kb (FIG. 1). One monomorphic band of , 1 kb was observed from all the isolates of M. phaseolina (FIG. 1). This unique and prominent , 1 k ...
... amplified with RAPD and URP primers failed to produce distinct banding pattern (data not shown). The fingerprinting pattern by URP-9F produced bands 200 bp to 1.5 kb (FIG. 1). One monomorphic band of , 1 kb was observed from all the isolates of M. phaseolina (FIG. 1). This unique and prominent , 1 k ...
DNA replication
DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. DNA is made up of two strands and each strand of the original DNA molecule serves as a template for the production of the complementary strand, a process referred to as semiconservative replication. Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication.In a cell, DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome. Unwinding of DNA at the origin and synthesis of new strands results in replication forks growing bidirectional from the origin. A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork which helps in terms of the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. Most prominently, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA by adding complementary nucleotides to the template strand.DNA replication can also be performed in vitro (artificially, outside a cell). DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used to initiate DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a common laboratory technique, cyclically applies such artificial synthesis to amplify a specific target DNA fragment from a pool of DNA.