Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures
... the D N A replication to start noise. The leading and lagging strands the D N A polymerase can synthesize D N A only in five prime directions to three prime directions. Therefore, it is synthesizes one is strand, which is leading strand continuously and other strand, which is lagging strand disconti ...
... the D N A replication to start noise. The leading and lagging strands the D N A polymerase can synthesize D N A only in five prime directions to three prime directions. Therefore, it is synthesizes one is strand, which is leading strand continuously and other strand, which is lagging strand disconti ...
Switching between polymerase and exonuclease sites in DNA
... corresponding to R988 might have a similar function in other B-family polymerases. ...
... corresponding to R988 might have a similar function in other B-family polymerases. ...
Unraveling DNA Repair in Human: Molecular Mechanisms and
... the repair apparatus around the lesion since it has a high affinity for DNA, with a preference for UV-damaged DNA (Tanaka et al., 1989; Robins et al., 1991; Eker et al., 1992; Jones and Wood, 1993). The protein has been cloned and studied in detail (Tanaka et al., 1990). XP-A protein is a core facto ...
... the repair apparatus around the lesion since it has a high affinity for DNA, with a preference for UV-damaged DNA (Tanaka et al., 1989; Robins et al., 1991; Eker et al., 1992; Jones and Wood, 1993). The protein has been cloned and studied in detail (Tanaka et al., 1990). XP-A protein is a core facto ...
Bubble dynamics in DNA
... by pulling the DNA with optical tweezers [4]. In this way, the destabilizing activity of the ssDNA-binding T4 gene 32 protein has been probed, and a kinetic barrier for the single-strand binders identified [5]. Denaturation bubbles can also be induced by under-winding the DNA double helix [6]. A rec ...
... by pulling the DNA with optical tweezers [4]. In this way, the destabilizing activity of the ssDNA-binding T4 gene 32 protein has been probed, and a kinetic barrier for the single-strand binders identified [5]. Denaturation bubbles can also be induced by under-winding the DNA double helix [6]. A rec ...
Non-destructive DNA extraction methods that yield DNA barcodes in
... Since there are about 37,000 identified species of spiders and 40,000 suspected species of spiders, barcoding each and every one of these species is a huge undertaking (Barrett & Hebert, 2005). DNA barcoding is ideal in spiders because of the complexity of their morphology. Often, spider species can ...
... Since there are about 37,000 identified species of spiders and 40,000 suspected species of spiders, barcoding each and every one of these species is a huge undertaking (Barrett & Hebert, 2005). DNA barcoding is ideal in spiders because of the complexity of their morphology. Often, spider species can ...
Lecture 19 POWERPOINT here
... • One can use the techniques of cell biology to manufacture artificial and real products, be they genes, proteins, or organisms • If you want to insert some DNA into another molecule then the best place to start is to use the same restriction enzyme to cut both - so they have the same ends. ...
... • One can use the techniques of cell biology to manufacture artificial and real products, be they genes, proteins, or organisms • If you want to insert some DNA into another molecule then the best place to start is to use the same restriction enzyme to cut both - so they have the same ends. ...
DNA metabarcoding multiplexing and validation of
... 2009b; Coissac 2012), makes the processing of large sample numbers feasible and cost effective. This strategy has an obvious benefit for the analysis of complex diets, such as those of generalist and omnivore feeders, because it does not require any a priori knowledge of the possible foods consumed ...
... 2009b; Coissac 2012), makes the processing of large sample numbers feasible and cost effective. This strategy has an obvious benefit for the analysis of complex diets, such as those of generalist and omnivore feeders, because it does not require any a priori knowledge of the possible foods consumed ...
Molecular Design of Unnatural Base
... for replication. After 10 cycles of PCR with a DNA fragment containing the s–y pair, around 40% of the unnatural base pair was replaced with the natural base pairs. The selectivity of the s–y pair is ~95% per replication (40% of replacement after 10-cycle PCR: 1−0.95 10 = ~0.4), and thus, more than ...
... for replication. After 10 cycles of PCR with a DNA fragment containing the s–y pair, around 40% of the unnatural base pair was replaced with the natural base pairs. The selectivity of the s–y pair is ~95% per replication (40% of replacement after 10-cycle PCR: 1−0.95 10 = ~0.4), and thus, more than ...
Intrinsic sequence specificity of the Cas1 integrase directs
... flap structure (Figure 2). By labelling the single-stranded 5’-flap of the downstream duplex at the 5’- ...
... flap structure (Figure 2). By labelling the single-stranded 5’-flap of the downstream duplex at the 5’- ...
Combing of Molecules in Microchannels
... solution into square arrays, followed by air-drying; the DNA was stretched as the droplets dried, producing circles approximately 500 µm in diameter.23 In a second example, a microcapillary was used to move a drop of solution containing DNA on a surface and thereby direct the deposition of stretched ...
... solution into square arrays, followed by air-drying; the DNA was stretched as the droplets dried, producing circles approximately 500 µm in diameter.23 In a second example, a microcapillary was used to move a drop of solution containing DNA on a surface and thereby direct the deposition of stretched ...
PicoMaxx High Fidelity PCR System
... Ensure that 10× PicoMaxx reaction buffer is used. Increase the amount of PicoMaxx enzyme up to 5 U per 50-μl PCR reaction. Increase extension time to 90 seconds per kb of PCR target. Use intact and highly purified DNA templates. Increase the amount of full-length intact DNA template, adjust the rati ...
... Ensure that 10× PicoMaxx reaction buffer is used. Increase the amount of PicoMaxx enzyme up to 5 U per 50-μl PCR reaction. Increase extension time to 90 seconds per kb of PCR target. Use intact and highly purified DNA templates. Increase the amount of full-length intact DNA template, adjust the rati ...
Cloning methods
... ends, and then purified by preparative gel electrophoresis, in order to remove uncut plasmid, because restriction digestion usually isn’t 100 % complete. The digested plasmid furthermore needs to be dephosphorylated, in order to prevent recircularization of plasmids without insert in the following l ...
... ends, and then purified by preparative gel electrophoresis, in order to remove uncut plasmid, because restriction digestion usually isn’t 100 % complete. The digested plasmid furthermore needs to be dephosphorylated, in order to prevent recircularization of plasmids without insert in the following l ...
Electronic Fingerprints of DNA Bases on Graphene
... develop a detailed understanding of the interaction and adsorption between graphene and biomolecules such as the DNA bases including local electronic structure, using an approach that goes beyond the structural analysis of such hybrid systems. ...
... develop a detailed understanding of the interaction and adsorption between graphene and biomolecules such as the DNA bases including local electronic structure, using an approach that goes beyond the structural analysis of such hybrid systems. ...
How Do We Understand Life?
... the entropy (taken together, energy and entropy control the “jigglings and wigglings” of the atoms). By combining energy and entropy we arrive at a parameter known as the free energy, which allows us to predict whether a molecular process will occur spontaneously. This concept is developed in Part I ...
... the entropy (taken together, energy and entropy control the “jigglings and wigglings” of the atoms). By combining energy and entropy we arrive at a parameter known as the free energy, which allows us to predict whether a molecular process will occur spontaneously. This concept is developed in Part I ...
bis-locked nucleic acids: a new tool for double helix invasion
... surface, SNAs have specific properties compared to regular ONs that cannot enter the cells without transfection reagents. SNAs also protect ONs from degradation to achieve gene regulation, show low toxicity and no immune response [53, 54]. Cationic polymers are of particular interest in gene therap ...
... surface, SNAs have specific properties compared to regular ONs that cannot enter the cells without transfection reagents. SNAs also protect ONs from degradation to achieve gene regulation, show low toxicity and no immune response [53, 54]. Cationic polymers are of particular interest in gene therap ...
Structural basis of PAM-dependent target DNA recognition by the
... C-terminal domain of Cas9 (Fig. 2c). The target-strand nucleotides complementary to the PAM are not recognized by major-groove interactions (Fig. 2b, c), rationalizing previous observations that Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage requires the 59-NGG-39 trinucleotide in the non-target strand, but not its tar ...
... C-terminal domain of Cas9 (Fig. 2c). The target-strand nucleotides complementary to the PAM are not recognized by major-groove interactions (Fig. 2b, c), rationalizing previous observations that Cas9-mediated DNA cleavage requires the 59-NGG-39 trinucleotide in the non-target strand, but not its tar ...
Unraveling DNA helicases
... DNA helicases are molecular motor enzymes that use the energy of NTP hydrolysis to separate transiently energetically stable duplex DNA into single strands. They are therefore essential in nearly all DNA metabolic transactions. They act as essential molecular tools for the cellular machinery. Sinc ...
... DNA helicases are molecular motor enzymes that use the energy of NTP hydrolysis to separate transiently energetically stable duplex DNA into single strands. They are therefore essential in nearly all DNA metabolic transactions. They act as essential molecular tools for the cellular machinery. Sinc ...
A TOPRIM Domain in the Crystal Structure of the Catalytic Core of
... Nichols et al., 1999). Nevertheless, the three-dimensional structures of both type IA and type II topoisomerases have a small core region in common, which corresponds to the TOPRIM domain (Aravind et al., 1998; Berger et al., 1998). The fold of the TOPRIM domains in these proteins resembles a Rossma ...
... Nichols et al., 1999). Nevertheless, the three-dimensional structures of both type IA and type II topoisomerases have a small core region in common, which corresponds to the TOPRIM domain (Aravind et al., 1998; Berger et al., 1998). The fold of the TOPRIM domains in these proteins resembles a Rossma ...
Cell-Specific Organization of the 5S Ribosomal RNA Gene Cluster
... than one signal and that 58% clearly had three lines emanating from a single source. Examples of sperm halos with three distinct loop domains are shown in Figure 2, c-e. Structure of the 5S rDNA Loop Domains in Somatic Cells Examination of the 5S rDNA loop domains in somatic cells demonstrated a mar ...
... than one signal and that 58% clearly had three lines emanating from a single source. Examples of sperm halos with three distinct loop domains are shown in Figure 2, c-e. Structure of the 5S rDNA Loop Domains in Somatic Cells Examination of the 5S rDNA loop domains in somatic cells demonstrated a mar ...
Characterization of DNA Primary Sequences Based on the Average
... information on nucleic acid bases separated by different distances.17 In this paper we will consider the distances between pairs of nucleic acid bases rather than the frequency of the various pairs. We will show how the average distances between pairs of bases lead to a set of novel numerical invari ...
... information on nucleic acid bases separated by different distances.17 In this paper we will consider the distances between pairs of nucleic acid bases rather than the frequency of the various pairs. We will show how the average distances between pairs of bases lead to a set of novel numerical invari ...
Chemistry and biology of DNA-binding small
... the classical mode is typified by the much-studied DNA stain ethidium bromide and the antimalarial quinacrine10. An important contributor to the binding affinity of ethidium bromide and quinacrine to DNA is the stacking interaction of the respective heteroaromatic rings with the DNA base pairs. In c ...
... the classical mode is typified by the much-studied DNA stain ethidium bromide and the antimalarial quinacrine10. An important contributor to the binding affinity of ethidium bromide and quinacrine to DNA is the stacking interaction of the respective heteroaromatic rings with the DNA base pairs. In c ...
GloFish GMO`s at home: GFP Mice GMO`s in research: GMO`s in
... Here you can see that when no vector (-DNA) was used as a control in the transformation, the bacteria grew only on the LB plate, not the plate with ampicillin. What you see on the LB plate is known as a “lawn” of bacteria , which means that so many grew that all the colonies mix together and just Wh ...
... Here you can see that when no vector (-DNA) was used as a control in the transformation, the bacteria grew only on the LB plate, not the plate with ampicillin. What you see on the LB plate is known as a “lawn” of bacteria , which means that so many grew that all the colonies mix together and just Wh ...
Chapter 20
... Here you can see that when no vector (DNA) was used as a control in the transformation, the bacteria grew only on the LB plate, not the plate with ampicillin. What you see on the LB plate is known as a “lawn” of bacteria , which means that so many grew that all the When vector was used (+DNA) bacter ...
... Here you can see that when no vector (DNA) was used as a control in the transformation, the bacteria grew only on the LB plate, not the plate with ampicillin. What you see on the LB plate is known as a “lawn” of bacteria , which means that so many grew that all the When vector was used (+DNA) bacter ...
DNA Fingerprinting by Restriction Enzyme Patterns
... base pairs. A restriction enzyme having a 6-base pair recognition site, such as Eco RI, would be expected to cut human DNA into approximately 750,000 different fragments. ...
... base pairs. A restriction enzyme having a 6-base pair recognition site, such as Eco RI, would be expected to cut human DNA into approximately 750,000 different fragments. ...
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... wondered what made the first group of mice get pneumonia. Perhaps the S-strain bacteria produced a toxin that made the mice sick? To find out, he ran the series of experiments shown in Figure 12–1. First, Griffith took a culture of the S strain, heated the cells to kill them, then injected the heat-kil ...
... wondered what made the first group of mice get pneumonia. Perhaps the S-strain bacteria produced a toxin that made the mice sick? To find out, he ran the series of experiments shown in Figure 12–1. First, Griffith took a culture of the S strain, heated the cells to kill them, then injected the heat-kil ...
DNA replication
DNA replication is the process of producing two identical replicas from one original DNA molecule. This biological process occurs in all living organisms and is the basis for biological inheritance. DNA is made up of two strands and each strand of the original DNA molecule serves as a template for the production of the complementary strand, a process referred to as semiconservative replication. Cellular proofreading and error-checking mechanisms ensure near perfect fidelity for DNA replication.In a cell, DNA replication begins at specific locations, or origins of replication, in the genome. Unwinding of DNA at the origin and synthesis of new strands results in replication forks growing bidirectional from the origin. A number of proteins are associated with the replication fork which helps in terms of the initiation and continuation of DNA synthesis. Most prominently, DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA by adding complementary nucleotides to the template strand.DNA replication can also be performed in vitro (artificially, outside a cell). DNA polymerases isolated from cells and artificial DNA primers can be used to initiate DNA synthesis at known sequences in a template DNA molecule. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a common laboratory technique, cyclically applies such artificial synthesis to amplify a specific target DNA fragment from a pool of DNA.