product monograph
... Midazolam is a short-acting, water-soluble benzodiazepine which has central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects. Depending on the route of administration and dose used, midazolam can produce sedative-hypnotic effects or induce anesthesia. The administration of midazolam may often be followed by ...
... Midazolam is a short-acting, water-soluble benzodiazepine which has central nervous system (CNS) depressant effects. Depending on the route of administration and dose used, midazolam can produce sedative-hypnotic effects or induce anesthesia. The administration of midazolam may often be followed by ...
Opium Abuse and Its Management
... Phase-II (Activities during the camp) – It was seen that withdrawal symptoms appeared 24 hours after cessation of opium use, reached its peak between 3 and 5 days and reduced markedly between 7 and 10 days. Hence the duration of a camp is usually 10 days. Smoking is actively discouraged during the ...
... Phase-II (Activities during the camp) – It was seen that withdrawal symptoms appeared 24 hours after cessation of opium use, reached its peak between 3 and 5 days and reduced markedly between 7 and 10 days. Hence the duration of a camp is usually 10 days. Smoking is actively discouraged during the ...
Gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) - World Health Organization
... taste and odor described as stale water or burnt plastic. ...
... taste and odor described as stale water or burnt plastic. ...
Annex 1 - Emcdda
... The "25I" component within 25I-NBOMe refers to the location of the iodine atom on the phenethylamine nucleus. The "NBOMe" component refers to the N-(2-methoxybenzyl) part of the molecule. There are a number of other "NBOMe" derivatives that have been notified to the Early Warning System. These inclu ...
... The "25I" component within 25I-NBOMe refers to the location of the iodine atom on the phenethylamine nucleus. The "NBOMe" component refers to the N-(2-methoxybenzyl) part of the molecule. There are a number of other "NBOMe" derivatives that have been notified to the Early Warning System. These inclu ...
Report on the Deliberation Results August 25, 2009 Evaluation and
... bottles and in PTP-1 blisters (3 lots of each strength [25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets] for each package type) and the attributes tested were description, contents, related substances (individual and total [HPLC]), dissolution, disintegration, and water content. In long-term and accelerated testings, ...
... bottles and in PTP-1 blisters (3 lots of each strength [25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg tablets] for each package type) and the attributes tested were description, contents, related substances (individual and total [HPLC]), dissolution, disintegration, and water content. In long-term and accelerated testings, ...
Product Information for Sitagliptin/Metformin
... conditions is approximately 50-60%. Studies using single oral doses of metformin hydrochloride tablets 500 mg to 1500 mg, and 850 mg to 2550 mg, indicate that there is a lack of dose proportionality with increasing doses, which is due to decreased absorption rather than an alteration in elimination. ...
... conditions is approximately 50-60%. Studies using single oral doses of metformin hydrochloride tablets 500 mg to 1500 mg, and 850 mg to 2550 mg, indicate that there is a lack of dose proportionality with increasing doses, which is due to decreased absorption rather than an alteration in elimination. ...
Everolimus Novartis tablet ENG SmPC
... therapeutic range is 8 ng/ml. Exposure above 12 ng/ml has not been studied. These recommended ranges for everolimus are based on chromatographic methods. It is especially important to monitor everolimus blood concentrations in patients with hepatic impairment during concomitant administration of str ...
... therapeutic range is 8 ng/ml. Exposure above 12 ng/ml has not been studied. These recommended ranges for everolimus are based on chromatographic methods. It is especially important to monitor everolimus blood concentrations in patients with hepatic impairment during concomitant administration of str ...
AIDS Drug Assistance Programs: Utilization, Program Restrictions
... Reduced formulary (taking drugs off the formulary) Capped enrollment – no new clients can enter the program ADAP waiting lists – clients have been placed on a waiting list to receive drugs through ADAP – Expenditure caps – a limit on monthly or annual spending on drugs per client – Client cost-shari ...
... Reduced formulary (taking drugs off the formulary) Capped enrollment – no new clients can enter the program ADAP waiting lists – clients have been placed on a waiting list to receive drugs through ADAP – Expenditure caps – a limit on monthly or annual spending on drugs per client – Client cost-shari ...
... an Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA). Cetirizine Dihydrochloride is a wellestablished active substance that has had widespread clinical used for many years. These were applications for generic products, which will not be administered at a higher dosage, for a longer duration or for different indic ...
CIPRO XR 81532274, R.1 02/11
... urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin is virtually complete within 24 hours after dosing. The renal clearance of ciprofloxacin, which is approximately 300 mL/minute, exceeds the normal glomerular filtration rate of 120 mL/minute. Thus, active tubular secretion would seem to play a significant role in i ...
... urinary excretion of ciprofloxacin is virtually complete within 24 hours after dosing. The renal clearance of ciprofloxacin, which is approximately 300 mL/minute, exceeds the normal glomerular filtration rate of 120 mL/minute. Thus, active tubular secretion would seem to play a significant role in i ...
Nowhere to hide: interrogating different metabolic parameters of Plasmodium
... [39] and transgenic reporter lines, which are useful for monitoring stage-specific effects [37, 40]. Some of these assays have been developed into reproducible medium- to high-throughput assays [38, 41, 42]. However, since these assays interrogate different metabolic pathways in the parasite, notabl ...
... [39] and transgenic reporter lines, which are useful for monitoring stage-specific effects [37, 40]. Some of these assays have been developed into reproducible medium- to high-throughput assays [38, 41, 42]. However, since these assays interrogate different metabolic pathways in the parasite, notabl ...
Opium Abuse and Its Management: Global Scenario
... Phase-II (Activities during the camp) – It was seen that withdrawal symptoms appeared 24 hours after cessation of opium use, reached its peak between 3 and 5 days and reduced markedly between 7 and 10 days. Hence the duration of a camp is usually 10 days. Smoking is actively discouraged during the ...
... Phase-II (Activities during the camp) – It was seen that withdrawal symptoms appeared 24 hours after cessation of opium use, reached its peak between 3 and 5 days and reduced markedly between 7 and 10 days. Hence the duration of a camp is usually 10 days. Smoking is actively discouraged during the ...
Chapter 5
... antigens [4], while chemical penetration enhancers and also physical means, such as iontophoresis, only have shown success in delivering small molecules across the skin barrier [5]. Therefore, the greatest challenge in TCI is improving the transport of antigens across the stratum corneum. Recently, ...
... antigens [4], while chemical penetration enhancers and also physical means, such as iontophoresis, only have shown success in delivering small molecules across the skin barrier [5]. Therefore, the greatest challenge in TCI is improving the transport of antigens across the stratum corneum. Recently, ...
Zolpidem Physical Dependence Assessed Across Increasing Doses
... zolpidem doses (1.0 –32.0 mg/kg), delivered via the i.g. route, were compared with a vehicle condition, using a once-daily dosing regimen. The initial dose of zolpidem used in the current experiments was the lowest dose to occasion druglever-appropriate responding ($80%) in most baboons in a drug di ...
... zolpidem doses (1.0 –32.0 mg/kg), delivered via the i.g. route, were compared with a vehicle condition, using a once-daily dosing regimen. The initial dose of zolpidem used in the current experiments was the lowest dose to occasion druglever-appropriate responding ($80%) in most baboons in a drug di ...
elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
... and to Purified Human Proteins (Mean ± SD, n = 3) .....................................................46 Distribution of [14C]EVG within Rat, Dog, Monkey, and Human Blood .......................47 Protein Binding for COBI in Mouse, Rat, Dog, Monkey, and Human Plasma Determined by Equilibrium Dialys ...
... and to Purified Human Proteins (Mean ± SD, n = 3) .....................................................46 Distribution of [14C]EVG within Rat, Dog, Monkey, and Human Blood .......................47 Protein Binding for COBI in Mouse, Rat, Dog, Monkey, and Human Plasma Determined by Equilibrium Dialys ...
Medication Therapy Protocols Sample
... fracture. A continuous infusion of cefazolin was initiated 12 hours prior to the start of the surgery to allow for steady state concentrations. Individualized patient doses were pharmacokinetically calculated in order to obtain a desired total concentration in the serum of 50 mcg/mL (patients includ ...
... fracture. A continuous infusion of cefazolin was initiated 12 hours prior to the start of the surgery to allow for steady state concentrations. Individualized patient doses were pharmacokinetically calculated in order to obtain a desired total concentration in the serum of 50 mcg/mL (patients includ ...
Pharmacology of platelet inhibition in humans: implications of the
... thromboxane B2 generation in serum was fully inhibited. Platelet cyclooxygenase might therefore be effectively acetylated by exposure to aspirin in the portal circulation, whereas vascular cyclooxygenase could be spared. Thus aspirin formulations ensuring complete first-pass deacetylation should be ...
... thromboxane B2 generation in serum was fully inhibited. Platelet cyclooxygenase might therefore be effectively acetylated by exposure to aspirin in the portal circulation, whereas vascular cyclooxygenase could be spared. Thus aspirin formulations ensuring complete first-pass deacetylation should be ...
Sovaldi - Gilead
... Bradycardia with amiodarone coadministration: Serious symptomatic bradycardia may occur in patients taking amiodarone and SOVALDI in combination with another direct acting antiviral (DAA), particularly in patients also receiving beta blockers, or those with underlying cardiac comorbidities and/or ad ...
... Bradycardia with amiodarone coadministration: Serious symptomatic bradycardia may occur in patients taking amiodarone and SOVALDI in combination with another direct acting antiviral (DAA), particularly in patients also receiving beta blockers, or those with underlying cardiac comorbidities and/or ad ...
ANTILIPEMICS 2012 - students [Read
... • oral administration • unabsorbed • not metabolized • “local activity” within GI • fecal excretion ...
... • oral administration • unabsorbed • not metabolized • “local activity” within GI • fecal excretion ...
The use of natural and synthetic phospholipids as pharmaceutical
... nature (i.e., natural identical). For instance, saturated PC can be found in rat tissue at rather high levels in the lung, spleen, brain, and kidney (36, 22, 20, and 16% of total PC, respectively) [8]. The additional hydrogenation step represents a minor chemical modification compared to the overall ...
... nature (i.e., natural identical). For instance, saturated PC can be found in rat tissue at rather high levels in the lung, spleen, brain, and kidney (36, 22, 20, and 16% of total PC, respectively) [8]. The additional hydrogenation step represents a minor chemical modification compared to the overall ...
Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics
... describe the therapeutic concentration range and anticipated adverse effects for the drug as well as a general monitoring scheme for the agent. Clinical monitoring parameters for therapeutic response and toxicity and basic clinical pharmacokinetic parameters for the compound are discussed next. The ...
... describe the therapeutic concentration range and anticipated adverse effects for the drug as well as a general monitoring scheme for the agent. Clinical monitoring parameters for therapeutic response and toxicity and basic clinical pharmacokinetic parameters for the compound are discussed next. The ...
Oxycodone - Thblack.com
... controlled-release (CR) oxycodone.10 The maximum plasma concentrations of oxycodone are reached within 25 min after i.v. administration and after 1.3 h and 2.6 h after IR and CR oxycodone, respectively. The maximum plasma concentrations of oxycodone after IR oxycodone are twice as high as those obse ...
... controlled-release (CR) oxycodone.10 The maximum plasma concentrations of oxycodone are reached within 25 min after i.v. administration and after 1.3 h and 2.6 h after IR and CR oxycodone, respectively. The maximum plasma concentrations of oxycodone after IR oxycodone are twice as high as those obse ...
Synthesis and in vitro activities of a new antiviral duplex drug linking
... in comparison to its parent compounds. If two drugs are only effective at significantly different therapeutic concentrations, they are not suitable for a duplex drug synthesis. Azidothymidine (AZT) used in HIV therapy as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) as well as a chain terminato ...
... in comparison to its parent compounds. If two drugs are only effective at significantly different therapeutic concentrations, they are not suitable for a duplex drug synthesis. Azidothymidine (AZT) used in HIV therapy as a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) as well as a chain terminato ...
Product Monograph - Paladin Labs Inc.
... after reconstitution and must not be given as an intravenous infusion. Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis No carcinogenicity studies have been conducted. The potential for genotoxicity of glucagon (rDNA origin) has been evaluated using a series of recognized in vitro and in vivo assays for mutagenic-gen ...
... after reconstitution and must not be given as an intravenous infusion. Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis No carcinogenicity studies have been conducted. The potential for genotoxicity of glucagon (rDNA origin) has been evaluated using a series of recognized in vitro and in vivo assays for mutagenic-gen ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.