R A EVIEW RTICLE
... Nicotine increases heart rate and myocardial contractility, constricts some blood vessels, and transiently increases blood pressure. For additional details and references, the reader is referred to another recent review.[3] With prolonged or repeated exposures to nicotine, many nicotine receptors be ...
... Nicotine increases heart rate and myocardial contractility, constricts some blood vessels, and transiently increases blood pressure. For additional details and references, the reader is referred to another recent review.[3] With prolonged or repeated exposures to nicotine, many nicotine receptors be ...
HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These
... See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogs, including VIREAD, a component of TRUVADA. (5.1) TRUVADA is not approved for the treatment of chronic hepa ...
... See full prescribing information for complete boxed warning. Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogs, including VIREAD, a component of TRUVADA. (5.1) TRUVADA is not approved for the treatment of chronic hepa ...
levocarb CR
... When appropriate, levodopa therapy may also be initiated with LEVOCARB CR 200 mg/50 mg. The initial recommended dose in patients with mild to moderate disease is 1 tablet of LEVOCARB CR 200 mg/50 mg two times daily. Initial dosages should not exceed 600 mg per day of levodopa or be given at interva ...
... When appropriate, levodopa therapy may also be initiated with LEVOCARB CR 200 mg/50 mg. The initial recommended dose in patients with mild to moderate disease is 1 tablet of LEVOCARB CR 200 mg/50 mg two times daily. Initial dosages should not exceed 600 mg per day of levodopa or be given at interva ...
SEVOFLURANE
... In susceptible individuals, potent inhalation anesthetic agents, including sevoflurane, may trigger a skeletal muscle hypermetabolic state leading to high oxygen demand and the clinical syndrome known as malignant hyperthermia. The clinical syndrome is signaled by hypercapnia, and may include muscle ...
... In susceptible individuals, potent inhalation anesthetic agents, including sevoflurane, may trigger a skeletal muscle hypermetabolic state leading to high oxygen demand and the clinical syndrome known as malignant hyperthermia. The clinical syndrome is signaled by hypercapnia, and may include muscle ...
DigiFab Digoxin Toxicity
... use undiluted reconstituted solution using tuberculin syringe reconstituted vial can also be diluted with an additional 36 mL of isotonic saline for 1mg/mL concentration ...
... use undiluted reconstituted solution using tuberculin syringe reconstituted vial can also be diluted with an additional 36 mL of isotonic saline for 1mg/mL concentration ...
Pharmacological Significance of Synthetic Heterocycles
... Abstract: Heterocyclic chemistry offers an example for the lack of distinct demarcations; in fact, it pervades the plurality of the other chemical disciplines. Heterocycles are inextricably woven into the life processes. The vital interest of the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries in heteroc ...
... Abstract: Heterocyclic chemistry offers an example for the lack of distinct demarcations; in fact, it pervades the plurality of the other chemical disciplines. Heterocycles are inextricably woven into the life processes. The vital interest of the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries in heteroc ...
GHB, GBL and 1,4-BD Addiction - Trimbos
... from 300 ED treatments in 2004 to 1200 in 2009 [26]. A similar trend, albeit more modest, was seen in the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010 [29]. Also, in general, the nature of GHB intoxications at EDs was more serious than that with most other drugs of abuse, like ecstasy or cannabis [30]. Like ...
... from 300 ED treatments in 2004 to 1200 in 2009 [26]. A similar trend, albeit more modest, was seen in the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010 [29]. Also, in general, the nature of GHB intoxications at EDs was more serious than that with most other drugs of abuse, like ecstasy or cannabis [30]. Like ...
Truvada - Gilead Sciences, Inc.
... Warnings and Precautions, Fat Redistribution Removed 04/2017 -------------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE------------------------TRUVADA is a combination of EMTRIVA and VIREAD, both nucleoside analog HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. TRUVADA is indicated in combination with other a ...
... Warnings and Precautions, Fat Redistribution Removed 04/2017 -------------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE------------------------TRUVADA is a combination of EMTRIVA and VIREAD, both nucleoside analog HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. TRUVADA is indicated in combination with other a ...
Easthope SE, Jarvis B
... the active compound, during absorption from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Regarding the pharmacodynamic properties, it was shown that plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin II concentration were dose-dependently increased by oral candesartan cilexetil 1-8 mg (single dose). The increase was ...
... the active compound, during absorption from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Regarding the pharmacodynamic properties, it was shown that plasma renin activity and plasma angiotensin II concentration were dose-dependently increased by oral candesartan cilexetil 1-8 mg (single dose). The increase was ...
ADHD: CT Studies
... • amphetamines increase risk of sudden cardiac death with structural cardiac abnormalities and other serious heart problems, esp. Adderall • Starting with long acting formulation is better ...
... • amphetamines increase risk of sudden cardiac death with structural cardiac abnormalities and other serious heart problems, esp. Adderall • Starting with long acting formulation is better ...
Pharmaceutical Technology
... This method also can be used to enhance the bioavailability of drugs, which are poorly soluble and exhibit bioavailability problems. For this purpose, the drug is added to a melt of a material such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). The mixture is heated and stirred until the powder is either melted or t ...
... This method also can be used to enhance the bioavailability of drugs, which are poorly soluble and exhibit bioavailability problems. For this purpose, the drug is added to a melt of a material such as polyethylene glycol (PEG). The mixture is heated and stirred until the powder is either melted or t ...
Methotrexate - Pfizer Canada
... Methotrexate has the potential for acute and chronic hepatotoxicity. Acutely, liver enzyme elevations are frequently seen after Methotrexate administration and are usually not a reason for modification of Methotrexate therapy. Liver enzyme elevations are usually transient and asymptomatic, and also ...
... Methotrexate has the potential for acute and chronic hepatotoxicity. Acutely, liver enzyme elevations are frequently seen after Methotrexate administration and are usually not a reason for modification of Methotrexate therapy. Liver enzyme elevations are usually transient and asymptomatic, and also ...
Clinical pharmacology and abuse potential of gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)
... In conclusion, at the doses tested GHB was capable of inducing euphoria, pleasurable feelings, sedation and slight stimulant‐like effects as previously reported by GHB users. GHB induced a biphasic time profile with an initial stimulant‐like, euphoric and pleasurable effe ...
... In conclusion, at the doses tested GHB was capable of inducing euphoria, pleasurable feelings, sedation and slight stimulant‐like effects as previously reported by GHB users. GHB induced a biphasic time profile with an initial stimulant‐like, euphoric and pleasurable effe ...
hydrocodone bitartrate and acetaminophen tablets, usp
... and the half-life was determined to be 3.8 ± 0.3 hours. Hydrocodone exhibits a complex pattern of metabolism including O-demethylation, N-demethylation and 6-ketoreduction to the corresponding 6-α- and 6-β-hydroxymetabolites. See OVERDOSAGE for toxicity information. Acetaminophen: Acetaminophen is r ...
... and the half-life was determined to be 3.8 ± 0.3 hours. Hydrocodone exhibits a complex pattern of metabolism including O-demethylation, N-demethylation and 6-ketoreduction to the corresponding 6-α- and 6-β-hydroxymetabolites. See OVERDOSAGE for toxicity information. Acetaminophen: Acetaminophen is r ...
Review Biomedical applications of collagen
... expressions of cells. Collagen is a good surface-active agent and demonstrates its ability to penetrate a lipid-free interface (Fonseca et al., 1996). Collagen exhibits biodegradability, weak antigenecity (Maeda et al., 1999) and superior biocompatibility compared with other natural polymers, such a ...
... expressions of cells. Collagen is a good surface-active agent and demonstrates its ability to penetrate a lipid-free interface (Fonseca et al., 1996). Collagen exhibits biodegradability, weak antigenecity (Maeda et al., 1999) and superior biocompatibility compared with other natural polymers, such a ...
PHENOLPHTHALEIN 1. Exposure Data
... Kune (1993) analysed data on laxative use reported by 685 subjects with colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed in 1980–81 in Melbourne, Australia, and 723 controls frequency matched with cases on age and sex. Laxative use throughout adult life was assessed by interview. The relative risk associated wit ...
... Kune (1993) analysed data on laxative use reported by 685 subjects with colorectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed in 1980–81 in Melbourne, Australia, and 723 controls frequency matched with cases on age and sex. Laxative use throughout adult life was assessed by interview. The relative risk associated wit ...
Metformin Hydrochloride Extended
... dinner), the pharmacokinetics of metformin as measured by AUC appeared linear following multiple-dose administration. The extent of metformin absorption (as measured by AUC) from metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets was increased by approximately 60% when given with food. When metformin ...
... dinner), the pharmacokinetics of metformin as measured by AUC appeared linear following multiple-dose administration. The extent of metformin absorption (as measured by AUC) from metformin hydrochloride extended-release tablets was increased by approximately 60% when given with food. When metformin ...
List of Substances of the Competent Federal Government and
... a production process not currently used, where that process gives rise to significant changes in the composition or structure of the foods or food ingredients which affect their nutritional value, metabolism or level of undesirable substances. Flavourings for use in foods do not fall within the scop ...
... a production process not currently used, where that process gives rise to significant changes in the composition or structure of the foods or food ingredients which affect their nutritional value, metabolism or level of undesirable substances. Flavourings for use in foods do not fall within the scop ...
Australian public assessment report for Dolutegravir (as sodium)
... new chemical entity, dolutegravir (DTG), with the trade name Tivicay. DTG is a 2-metal binding integrase inhibitor (INI) developed as a treatment for HIV-1 infection. DTG is a potent, low nanomolar inhibitor of both HIV integrase recombinant enzyme and of HIV replication in cell culture assays, reta ...
... new chemical entity, dolutegravir (DTG), with the trade name Tivicay. DTG is a 2-metal binding integrase inhibitor (INI) developed as a treatment for HIV-1 infection. DTG is a potent, low nanomolar inhibitor of both HIV integrase recombinant enzyme and of HIV replication in cell culture assays, reta ...
Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: An Update on Pharmacology and
... no water control was used in these experiments to evaluate possible effects of DMSO and salvinorin A was injected intraperitoneally. It has been shown by Lukas et al. [19] that compounds administered i. p. are absorbed primarily through the portal circulation and, therefore, must pass through the li ...
... no water control was used in these experiments to evaluate possible effects of DMSO and salvinorin A was injected intraperitoneally. It has been shown by Lukas et al. [19] that compounds administered i. p. are absorbed primarily through the portal circulation and, therefore, must pass through the li ...
... volume and respiratory rate [8]. Researchers have compared the respiratory effects of tramadol with other opioid analgesics. Houmes et al evaluated the effects of intravenous tramadol hydrochloride (50 mg) and morphine sulphate (5 mg) on patients’ oxygen saturation. 6 out of the 50 patients assessed ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.