INDTRODUCTION - Chemical Engineering
... Objective is to model the time course of the drug in plasma. One way to do this is through compartmental analysis. Compartments: ...
... Objective is to model the time course of the drug in plasma. One way to do this is through compartmental analysis. Compartments: ...
Tina said you all learned ALOT last week
... How does this make you feel about the clinical studies that have been done with little attention to race/ethnicity? ...
... How does this make you feel about the clinical studies that have been done with little attention to race/ethnicity? ...
Tina said you all learned ALOT last week
... drug being cleared the drug will continue to be active. The time taken to reach the steady state is about five times the half life of a drug. ...
... drug being cleared the drug will continue to be active. The time taken to reach the steady state is about five times the half life of a drug. ...
LOs Parmicokinetics 5 - 8 - PBL-J-2015
... Body Burden = total amount of compound in body (Q) = Cp x Vd (from the above equation) Eg: Digoxin has a volume of distribution of 7L/kg. What is the peak plasma concentration if 500µg is administered to a 12kg child. ...
... Body Burden = total amount of compound in body (Q) = Cp x Vd (from the above equation) Eg: Digoxin has a volume of distribution of 7L/kg. What is the peak plasma concentration if 500µg is administered to a 12kg child. ...
Understanding the Basics of Pharmacology
... Generic name: chemical name Brand name /Trade name ...
... Generic name: chemical name Brand name /Trade name ...
Lacosamide (Vimpat) Drug Monitoring
... • Predose (trough) concentration at steady state should be assessed ...
... • Predose (trough) concentration at steady state should be assessed ...
pharmacokinetics-25
... concentration to fall 50% during the elimination phase (beta phase) • Context-sensitive half time: Measures half time after an infusion is stopped. • Elimination half-life: the time needed eliminate 50% of the drug from the body. • Effect-site equilibrium: delay between IV administration and desired ...
... concentration to fall 50% during the elimination phase (beta phase) • Context-sensitive half time: Measures half time after an infusion is stopped. • Elimination half-life: the time needed eliminate 50% of the drug from the body. • Effect-site equilibrium: delay between IV administration and desired ...
Pharmacokinetics for the Non-Specialist
... rate. At the point of Cmax, these two rates are equal and after this the elimination rate is greater than the absorption rate. Eventually the concentration of the drug decreases and the effect diminishes. ...
... rate. At the point of Cmax, these two rates are equal and after this the elimination rate is greater than the absorption rate. Eventually the concentration of the drug decreases and the effect diminishes. ...
Slide 1 - AccessPharmacy
... This diagram illustrates the way in which two pharmacokinetic parameters (hepatic extraction ratio and percent plasma protein binding) are used to assign a drug into one of three classes of hepatic clearance (flow limited; capacity limited, binding sensitive; and capacity limited, binding insensitiv ...
... This diagram illustrates the way in which two pharmacokinetic parameters (hepatic extraction ratio and percent plasma protein binding) are used to assign a drug into one of three classes of hepatic clearance (flow limited; capacity limited, binding sensitive; and capacity limited, binding insensitiv ...
LOYOLA COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), CHENNAI – 600 034
... 1. Give a brief note on subchronic toxicity. 2. Discuss the metabolism of Theophylline. 3. “Adjustments in Cardio active drug therapy is difficult”. Justify. 4. What do you mean by “Low Therapeutic Index”? Give examples. 5. When does a drug is said to have a high benefit to harm ratio? 6. How will y ...
... 1. Give a brief note on subchronic toxicity. 2. Discuss the metabolism of Theophylline. 3. “Adjustments in Cardio active drug therapy is difficult”. Justify. 4. What do you mean by “Low Therapeutic Index”? Give examples. 5. When does a drug is said to have a high benefit to harm ratio? 6. How will y ...
PHT 415 HomeWork
... Lab 2 1. Determine the total body clearance for a drug in a 70-kg male patient. The drug follows the kinetics of a first order one-compartment model and has an elimination half-life of 3 hours with an apparent volume of distribution of 100 mL/kg. 2. A 170 mg dose of cinoxin was given to a group of p ...
... Lab 2 1. Determine the total body clearance for a drug in a 70-kg male patient. The drug follows the kinetics of a first order one-compartment model and has an elimination half-life of 3 hours with an apparent volume of distribution of 100 mL/kg. 2. A 170 mg dose of cinoxin was given to a group of p ...
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK (from Ancient Greek pharmakon ""drug"" and kinetikos ""moving, putting in motion""; see chemical kinetics), is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to determining the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism. The substances of interest include pharmaceutical agents, hormones, nutrients, and toxins. It attempts to discover the fate of a drug from the moment that it is administered up to the point at which it is completely eliminated from the body.Pharmacokinetics describes how the body affects a specific drug after administration through the mechanisms of absorption and distribution, as well as the chemical changes of the substance in the body (e.g. by metabolic enzymes such as cytochrome P450 or glucuronosyltransferase enzymes), and the effects and routes of excretion of the metabolites of the drug. Pharmacokinetic properties of drugs may be affected by elements such as the site of administration and the dose of administered drug. These may affect the absorption rate. Pharmacokinetics is often studied in conjunction with pharmacodynamics, the study of a drug's pharmacological effect on the body.A number of different models have been developed in order to simplify conceptualization of the many processes that take place in the interaction between an organism and a drug. One of these models, the multi-compartment model, gives the best approximation to reality; however, the complexity involved in using this type of model means that monocompartmental models and above all two compartmental models are the most-frequently used. The various compartments that the model is divided into are commonly referred to as the ADME scheme (also referred to as LADME if liberation is included as a separate step from absorption): Liberation - the process of release of a drug from the pharmaceutical formulation. See also IVIVC. Absorption - the process of a substance entering the blood circulation. Distribution - the dispersion or dissemination of substances throughout the fluids and tissues of the body. Metabolization (or biotransformation, or inactivation) – the recognition by the organism that a foreign substance is present and the irreversible transformation of parent compounds into daughter metabolites. Excretion - the removal of the substances from the body. In rare cases, some drugs irreversibly accumulate in body tissue.The two phases of metabolism and excretion can also be grouped together under the title elimination.The study of these distinct phases involves the use and manipulation of basic concepts in order to understand the process dynamics. For this reason in order to fully comprehend the kinetics of a drug it is necessary to have detailed knowledge of a number of factors such as: the properties of the substances that act as excipients, the characteristics of the appropriate biological membranes and the way that substances can cross them, or the characteristics of the enzyme reactions that inactivate the drug.All these concepts can be represented through mathematical formulas that have a corresponding graphical representation. The use of these models allows an understanding of the characteristics of a molecule, as well as how a particular drug will behave given information regarding some of its basic characteristics. Such as its acid dissociation constant (pKa), bioavailability and solubility, absorption capacity and distribution in the organism.The model outputs for a drug can be used in industry (for example, in calculating bioequivalence when designing generic drugs) or in the clinical application of pharmacokinetic concepts. Clinical pharmacokinetics provides many performance guidelines for effective and efficient use of drugs for human-health professionals and in veterinary medicine.