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The spin-dependent structure function
The spin-dependent structure function

Postulates
Postulates

Homework No. 07 (Spring 2015) PHYS 530A: Quantum Mechanics II
Homework No. 07 (Spring 2015) PHYS 530A: Quantum Mechanics II

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Chapter 35

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Lecture 2: Bogoliubov theory of a dilute Bose gas Abstract

Animation of figure 40.1: Exciton formation
Animation of figure 40.1: Exciton formation

The Strong Free Will Theorem
The Strong Free Will Theorem

Basic concepts in quantum mechanics
Basic concepts in quantum mechanics

Two-State Vector Formalism
Two-State Vector Formalism

Quantum Tunneling - GK-12 Program at the University of Houston
Quantum Tunneling - GK-12 Program at the University of Houston

rhic - Wayne State University
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Quantum Field Theory II

PHYS 1443 – Section 501 Lecture #1
PHYS 1443 – Section 501 Lecture #1

... • How do these particles interact?? – All particles, including photons and neutrinos, participate in gravitational interactions – Photons can interact electromagnetically with any particles with electric charge – All charged leptons participate in both EM and weak interactions – Neutral leptons do n ...
Presentation Title Nanosheet Liquid Crystals : Macroscopically
Presentation Title Nanosheet Liquid Crystals : Macroscopically

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LHCC - uniud.it

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Matter_ properties_ mixtures and separation methods 2012
Matter_ properties_ mixtures and separation methods 2012

... MATTER ...
Some Basic Aspects of Fractional Quantum Numbers
Some Basic Aspects of Fractional Quantum Numbers

... condensed matter physics as the opening of a gap. The choice of sign, of course, distinguishes between two degenerate ground states that have identical physical properties, since they can be related by the symmetry φ → −φ ψL → −ψL ...
Slide - Indico - Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre
Slide - Indico - Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre

The relation of colour charge to electric charge (E/c) −P2 −Q2 −(mc
The relation of colour charge to electric charge (E/c) −P2 −Q2 −(mc

... This can also be done using 2x2 Pauli matrices (labelled K,L,M) because two inertial observers agree on the component of momentum Q orthogonal to the component of momentum P in the direction of a Lorentz boost. ...
Statistical Mechanics: An overview
Statistical Mechanics: An overview

Chapter 1 Review of Quantum Mechanics
Chapter 1 Review of Quantum Mechanics

Stefano Bellucci (INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati)
Stefano Bellucci (INFN-Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati)

Quantum Random Walks
Quantum Random Walks

Zharkova & Khabarova, ApJ (2012)
Zharkova & Khabarova, ApJ (2012)

... Energization of particles up to MeV in the Earth’s magnetotail [Zelenyi, Lominadze & Taktakishvili (1990); Ashour-Abdalla et al. (2011) ], but it is still disputable for the HCS, because of some lack of observations. It is furthermore believed that there no particle acceleration in the keVMeV range ...
11.6 Nuclear Radiation
11.6 Nuclear Radiation

< 1 ... 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 ... 171 >

Identical particles

Identical particles, also called indistinguishable or indiscernible particles, are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle. Species of identical particles include, but are not limited to elementary particles such as electrons, composite subatomic particles such as atomic nuclei, as well as atoms and molecules. Quasiparticles also behave in this way. Although all known indistinguishable particles are ""tiny"", there is no exhaustive list of all possible sorts of particles nor a clear-cut limit of applicability; see particle statistics #Quantum statistics for detailed explication.There are two main categories of identical particles: bosons, which can share quantum states, and fermions, which do not share quantum states due to the Pauli exclusion principle. Examples of bosons are photons, gluons, phonons, helium-4 nuclei and all mesons. Examples of fermions are electrons, neutrinos, quarks, protons, neutrons, and helium-3 nuclei.The fact that particles can be identical has important consequences in statistical mechanics. Calculations in statistical mechanics rely on probabilistic arguments, which are sensitive to whether or not the objects being studied are identical. As a result, identical particles exhibit markedly different statistical behavior from distinguishable particles. For example, the indistinguishability of particles has been proposed as a solution to Gibbs' mixing paradox.
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